mm 


THE 


3 


LAG 


Forever  float  that  Standard  sheet." 


NEW  YORK: 

E.  B.  TREAT  &  COMPANY, 
No.  654  Broadway. 


THE 


NATIONAL  HAND-BOOK 


OF 


FACTS  AND   FIGURES, 

HISTORICAL,  DOCUMENTARY, 

STATISTICAL,  POLITICAL, 


FROM  THE  FORMATION  OF  THE  GOVERNMENT  TO   THE 
PRESENT  TIME. 

I 

WITH  A  FULL  CHRONOLOGY  OF  THE  REBELLION, 


Illustrated. 


NEW  YORK: 
E.    B.   TREAT    &    CO.,    654    BROADWAY. 

CHICAGO,  ILL.  :    R.  C.  TREAT  &  C.  W.  LILLET. 

IRA  S.  BRAIN ARD,    ST.    LOUIS,  MO. 

A.    L.    TALCOTT   &    CO.,    PITTSBURG,    PA. 

H.    H    BANCROFT   &   CO.,    SAN   FRANCISCO,    CAL. 

1868. 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1868,  by 

E.  B.  TREAT, 
In  the  Clerk's  office  of  the  District  Court  for  the  Southern  Dist.  of  New  York. 


PRESS  OF  THE  NEW  YORK  PRINTING  COMPANY. 


PREFACE. 


THIS  book  appeals  to  the  patriotic  sentiments  of 
all  classes  of  readers.  In  its  pages  will  be  found 
those  words  of  burning  eloquence  which  lighted  the 
fires  of  the  American  Revolution,  stirring  the  hearts 
of  our  fathers  to  do  battle  for  our  independence ; 
the  words  of  wisdom  which  brought  our  ship  of  state 
safely  through  the  storms  of  strife  into  the  calms  of 
peace,  and  all  of  the  most  important  speeches  and 
proclamations  of  our  statesmen  which  guided  our 
country  during  critical  periods  of  our  political  life. 
It  is  a  book  of  our  country  as  a  whole ;  all  must 
read  it  with  emotions  of  gratitude  and  pride  at  the 
grandeur  and  stability  of  our  institutions  as  exempli- 
fied by  the  eloquent  words  of  the  statesmen  and 
leading  spirits  of  the  great  Eepublic. 

First  in  its  pages,  appropriately,  will  be  found 
the  "  Declaration  of  Independence,"  the  great  corner 


VI  PREFACE. 

stone  of  American  liberty ;  and  as  a  fitting  close. 
one  of  our  most  distinguished  historians  has  fur- 
nished a  "  History  of  the  Flag,"— the  Flag  of  the 
Union,  the  sacred  emblem  around  which  are  clus- 
tered the  memories  of  the  thousands  of  heroes  who 
have  struggled  to  sustain  it  untarnished  against  both 
foreign  and  domestic  foes..  To  the  Declaration  of 
Independence,  Constitution  of  the  United  States, 
and  Washington's  Farewell  Address — truly  "  Key 
Notes  to  American  Liberty " — have  been  added 
many  important  proclamations  and  congressional 
acts  of  a  later  day,  namely :  President  Jackson's 
famous  Nullification  Proclamation  to  South  Caro- 
lina, The  Monroe  Doctrine,  Dred  Scott  Decision, 
Neutrality  laws,  with  numerous  documents,  state 
papers  and  statistical  matter  growing  out  of  the  late 
Eebellion ;  all  of  which  will  be  read  with  new  and 
ever  increasing  interest.  And  as  long  as  our 
Republic  endures,  these  pages  will  be  cherished  as 
the  representative  of  all  that  is  great  and  good  in 
our  country ;  and  will  prove  incentives  to  our  chil- 
dren to  follow  in  the  footsteps  of  the  patriots  by 
whose  genius  and  valor  our  institutions  have  been 
cherished  and  preserved,  and  liberty,  like  water 
made  to  run  throughout  the  land  free  to  all. 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

DECLARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE 9 

CONSTITUTION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 18 

AMENDMENTS  TO  THE  CONSTITUTION 39 

CONSTITUTIONAL  AMENDMENT  ABOLISHING  SLAVERY  ....    44 
PROPOSED  AMENDMENTS  OF  THE  XXXIXTH  CONGRESS.  . .    48 

THE  ORDINANCE  OF  1787. 51 

THE  FUGITIVE  SLAVE  BILL  OF  1793 52 

THE  FUGITIVE  SLAVE  BILL  OF  1850 55 

THE  MISSOURI  COMPROMISE 67 

BATTLES  OF  THE  EEVOLUTION 69 

INAUGURAL  ADDRESS  OF  GEORGE  WASHINGTON 70 

WASHINGTON'S  FAREWELL  ADDRESS f 77 

PRESIDENT  JACKSON'S  PROCLAMATION  TO  SOUTH  CARO- 
LINA   , 105 

MONROE  DOCTRINE 144 

DRED  SCOTT  DECISION 146 

PRESIDENTS   AND   VICE-PRESIDENTS    OF    THE    UNITED 

STATES,  WITH  THE  POPULAR  VOTE  FOR  EACH 154 

POPULAR  NAMES  OF  STATES 166 

NEUTRALITY  LAW  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 168 

POPULATION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 176 

SLAVE  POPULATION  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  IN  1860 177 

STATISTICS  OF  SLAVERY  BEFORE  THE  REVOLUTION 178 

SPEECH   OF   HON.    STEPHEN   A.    DOUGLAS, — His   LAST 

WORDS  FOR  THE  UNION 179 

PRESIDENT  LINCOLN'S  FIRST  CALL  FOR  TROOPS 186 

TOTAL   NUMBER    OF     TROOPS   CALLED   INTO   SERVICE 
DURING  THE  REBELLION 188 


Vlll  CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

RESOLUTIONS  OP  THE  N.  Y.  CHAMBER  OP  COMMERCE.  . . .  189 

BLOCKADE  PROCLAMATION,  BY  PRESIDENT  LINCOLN 194 

EMANCIPATION  PROCLAMATION 197 

CONFISCATION  ACT 201 

FIRST  INAUGURAL  ADDRESS  OP  PRESIDENT  LINCOLN 204 

BALANCE  SHEET    OP   THE  GOVERNMENT,  BEFORE  AND 

SINCE  THE  WAR,  1859  AND  1865 221 

PRESIDENT  LINCOLN'S  SECOND   AND   LAST  INAUGURAL 

ADDRESS 222 

PRESIDENT  LINCOLN'S  PROCLAMATION  OP  AMNESTY 226 

PRESIDENT  JOHNSON'S  AMNESTY  PROCLAMATION 232- 

PRESIDENT  JOHNSON'S  PEACE  PROCLAMATION 237 

THE  CIVIL  RIGHTS  BILL 239 

FREEDMEN'S  BUREAU  BILL 248 

PROVOST  MARSHAL-GENERAL'S  REPORT  OP  THE  KILLED 

AND  WOUNDED  DURING  THE  REBELLION 261 

THE  UNITED  STATES  ARMY,  SHOWING  THE  NUMBER  OP 
MEN   FURNISHED  FROM  EACH   STATE  DURING   THE 

REBELLION , 265 

HISTORY  OP  THE  FLAG 266 

IMPORTANT  EVENTS  OP  THE  REBELLION 274 

CHRONOLOGICAL  TABLE  OP   THE   BATTLES  AND    SKIR- 
MISHES   OP    THE  WAR, — SHOWING    THE   COMMANDING 

OFFICERS  AND  Loss  ON  EACH  SIDE 280 

LIST  OP  VESSELS  CAPTURED  AND  DESTROYED  FOR  VIO- 
LATION OP  THE  BLOCKADE  OR  IN  BATTLE 319 

UNION  VESSELS  CAPTURED  OR  DESTROYED  BY  THE  DIF- 
FERENT CONFEDERATE  PRIVATEERS 352 

THE  VARIOUS  RECONSTRUCTION  MEASURES  OF  CONGRESS.  361 

TENURE  OF  OFFICE  BILL 381 

PRESIDENT  JOHNSON'S  VETO 386 

THE  BANKRUPTCY  ACT 398 

STATISTICS  OF  THE  STATES  AND  TERRITORIES 403 

THE  POPULAR  ELECTORAL  VOTE  OF  1860  AND  1864. . .      , .  406 


IATIOIAL  HAID-BOOK. 


DEOLAEATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE. 

IN  CONGEESS,  July  4,  1776. 
By  the  Representatives  oftiie  United  States,  in  Congress  assembled. 

A  DECLARATION. 

WHEN,  in  the  course  of  liuman  events,  it  becomes 
necessary  for  one  people  to  dissolve  the  political 
bands  which  have  connected  them  with  another,  and 
to  assume  among  the  powers  of  the  earth  the  separate 
and  equal  station  to  which  the  laws  of  nature  and  of 
nature's  God  entitle  them,  a  decent  respect  for  the 
opinions  of  mankind  requires  that  they  should  declare 
the  causes  which  impel  them  to  the  separation. 
1* 


LO  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

We  hold  these  truths  to  be  self-evident :  —that  all 
men  are  created  equal ;  that  they  are  endowed  by 
their  Creator  with  certain  inalienable  rights ;  that 
among  these  are  life,  liberty,  and  the  pursuit  of  hap- 
piness ;  that  to  secure  these  rights,  governments  are 
instituted  among  men,  deriving  their  just  powers 
from  the  consent  of  the  governed ;  that  whenever  any 
form  of  government  becoriles  destructive  of  these 
ends  it  is  the  right  of  the  people  to  alter  or  to  abolish 
it,  and  to  institute  a  new  government,  laying  its 
foundation  on  such  principles,  and  organizing  its 
powers  in  such  form,  as  to  them  shall  seem  most 
likely  to  effect  their  safety  and  happiness.  Prudence, 
indeed,  will  dictate  that  governments  long  estab- 
lished should  not  be  changed  for  light  and  transient 
causes ;  and  accordingly  all  experience  hath  shown 
that  mankind  are  more-  disposed  to  suffer,  while  evils 
are  sufferable,  than  to  right  themselves  by  abolishing 
the  forms  to  which  they  are  accustomed.  But  when 
a  long  train  of  abuses  and  usurpations,  pursuing 
invariably  the  same  object,  evinces  a  design  to 
reduce  them  under  absolute  despotism,  it  is  their 
right,  it  is  their  duty,  to  throw  off  such  government 
and  to  provide  new  guards  for  their  future  security 
Such  has  been  the  patient  sufferance  of  these  col- 
,onies;  and  such  is  now  the  necessity  which  con 
strains  them  to  alter  their  former  system  of  govern- 


DECLARATION   OF    INDEPENDENCE.  11 

ment.  The  history  of  the  present  King  of  Great 
Britain  is  a  history  of  repeated  injuries  and  usurpa- 
tions, all  having  in  direct  object  the  establishment  of 
an  absolute  tyranny  over  these  States.  To  prove 
this,  let  facts  be  submitted  to  a  candid  world. 

He  has  refused  his  assent  to  laws  the  most  whole- 
some and  necessary  for  the  public  good. 

He  has  forbidden  his  governors  to  pass  laws  of 
immediate  and  pressing  importance,  unless  suspended 
in  their  operation  till  his  assent  should  be  obtained  ; 
and,  when  so  suspended,  he  has  utterly  neglected  to 
attend  to  them. 

He  has  refused  to  pass  other  laws  for  the  accom- 
modation of  large  districts  of  people,  unless  those 
people  would  relinquish  the  right  of  representation 
in  the  legislature — a  right  inestimable  to  them,  and 
formidable  to  tyrants  only. 

He  has  called  together  legislative  bodies  at  places 
unusual,  uncomfortable,  and  distant  from  the  deposi- 
tory of  their  public  records,  for  the  sole  purpose  of 
fatiguing  them  into  compliance  with  his  measures. 

He  has  dissolved  representative  houses  repeatedly, 
for  opposing,  with  manly  firmness,  his  invasions  on 
the  right  of  the  people. 

He  has  refused,  for  a  long  time  after  such  disso- 
lutions, to  cause  others  to  be  elected ;  whereby  the 
legislative  powers,  incapable  of  annihilation,  have 


12  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

returned  to  the  people  at  large  for  their  exercise ; 
the  State  remaining,  in  the  mean  time,  exposed  to 
all  the  danger  of  invasion  from  without  and  convul- 
sions within. 

He  has  endeavored  to  prevent  the  population  of 
these  States ;  for  that  purpose  obstructing  the  laws 
for  naturalization  of  foreigners,  refusing  to  pass 
others  to  encourage  tti^ir  migration  hither,  and 
raising  the  conditions  of  new  appropriations  of 
lands. 

He  has  obstructed  the  administration  of  justice, 
by  refusing  his  assent  to  laws  for  establishing 
judiciary  powers. 

He  has  made  judges  dependent  on  his  will  alone 
for  the  tenure  of  their  offices  and  the  amount  and 
payment  of  their  salaries. 

He  has  erected  a  multitude  of  new  offices,  and 
sent  hither  swarms  of  officers,  to  harrass  our  people 
and  eat  out  their  substance. 

He  has  kept  among  us,  in  times  of  peace,  stand- 
ing armies,  without  the  consent  of  our  legislatures. 

He  has  affected  to  render  the  military  indepen- 
dent of  and  superior  to  the  civil  power. 

He  has  combined  with  others  to  subject  us  to  a 
jurisdiction  foreign  to  our  constitution  and  unac- 
knowledged by  our  laws ;  giving  his  assent  to  their 
acts  of  pretended  legislation, — 


DECLARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE.        13 

For  quartering  large  bodies  of  armed  troops 
among  us : 

For  protecting  them,  by  a  mock  trial,  from  pun- 
ishment for  any  murders  which  they  should  commit 
on  the  inhabitants  of  these  States : 

For  cutting  off  our  trade  with  all  parts  of  the 
world : 

For  imposing  taxes  on  us  without  our  consent : 

For  depriving  us,  in  many  cases,  of  the  benefits 
of  trial  by  jury  : 

For  transporting  us  beyond  seas,  to  be  tried  for 
pretended  offences : 

For  abolishing  the  free  system  of  English  law  in 
a  neighboring  province,  establishing  therein  an  arbi- 
trary government,  and  enlarging  its  boundaries  so 
as  to  render  it  at  once  an  example  and  fit  instrument 
for  introducing  the  same  absolute  rule  into  these 
colonies : 

For  taking  away  our  charters,  abolishing  our 
most  valuable  laws,  and  altering  fundamentally  the 
forms  of  our  government : 

For  suspending  our  own  legislatures,  and  declar- 
ing themselves  invested  with  power  to  legislate  for 
us  in  all  cases  whatsoever. 

He  has  abdicated  government  here  by  declaring 
us  out  of  his  protection,  and  waging  war  against  us 

He  has  plundered  our  seas,  ravaged  our  coasts, 


14  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

burned  our  towns,  and  destroyed  the  lives  of  our 
people. 

He  is  at  this  time  transporting  large  armies  of 
foreign  mercenaries,  to  complete  the  works  of  death, 
desolation,  and  tyranny,  already  begun,  with  circu in- 
stances of  cruelty  and  perfidy  scarcely  paralleled  in 
the  most  barbarous  ages,  and  totally  unworthy  the 
head  of  a  civilized  nation. 

He  has  constrained  our  fellow-citizens,  taken 
captive  on  the  high  seas,  to  bear  arms  against  their 
country,  to  become  the  executioners  of  their  friends 
and  brethren,  or  to  fall  themselves  by  their  hands. 

He  has  excited  domestic  insurrections  amongst 
us,  and  has  endeavored  to  bring  on  the  inhabitants 
of  our  frontiers  the  merciless  Indian  savages,  whose 
known  rule  of  warfare  is  an  undistinguished  destruc- 
tion of  all  ages,,  sexes,  and  conditions. 

In  every  stage  of  these  oppressions  we  have  peti- 
tioned for  redress  in  the  most  humble  terms ;  our 
petitions  have  been  answered  only  by  repeated 
injury.  A  prince  whose  character  is  thus  marked 
by  every  act  which  may  define  a  tyrant,  is  unfit  to 
be  the  ruler  of  a  free  people. 

Nor  have  we  been  wanting  in  attention  to  our 
British  brethren.  We  have  warned  them,  from  time 
to  time,  of  attempts  made  by  their  legislature  to 
extend  an  unwarrantable  jurisdiction  over  us.  We 


DECLARATION    OF   INDEPENDENCE.  15 

have  reminded  them  of  the  circumstances  of  our 
emigration  and  settlement  here.  We  have  appealed 
to  their  native  justice  and  magnanimity,  and  we 
have  conjured  them,  by  the  ties  of  our  common  kin- 
dred, to  disavow  these  usurpations,  which  would 
inevitably  interrupt  our  connections  and  correspon- 
dence. They,  too,  have  been  deaf  to  the  voice  of 
justice  and  consanguinity.  We  must  therefore 
acquiesce  in  the  necessity  which  denounces  our  sep- 
aration, and  hold  them,  as  we  hold  the  rest  of  man- 
kind, enemies  in  war — in  peace,  friends. 

We,  therefore,  the  representatives  of  the  United 
States  of  America,  in  General  Congress  assembled, 
appealing  to  the  Supreme  Judge  of  the  world  for 
the  rectitude  of  our  intentions,  do,  in  the  name  and 
by  the  authority  of  the  good  people  of  these  colonies, 
solemnly  publish  and  declare  that  these  United  Col- 
onies are,  and  of  good  right  ought  to  be,  free  and 
independent  States ;  that  they  are  absolved  from  all 
allegiance  to  the  British  crown,  and  that  all  political 
connection  between  them  and  the  State  of  Great 
Britain  is,  and  ought  to  be,  totally  dissolved ;  and 
that,  as  free  and  independent  States,  they  have  full 
power  to  levy  war,  conclude  peace,  contract  alli- 
ances, establish  commerce,  and  to  do  all  other  acts 
and  things  which  independent  States  may  of  right 
do.  And  for  the  support  of  this  declaration,  with  a 


16 


NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


firm  reliance  on  the  protection  of  Divine  Providence, 
we  mutually  pledge  to  each  other  our  lives,  our 
fortunes,  and  our  sacred  honor. 

Signed  by  order  and  in  behalf  of  the  Congress. 

JOHN  HANCOCK,  President. 
Attested,  CHARLES  THOMPSON,  Secretary. 


NEW  HAMPSHIBE. 

Josiah  Bartlett, 
William  Whipple, 
Matthew  Thornton. 

MASSACHUSETTS   BAY. 

Samuel  Adams, 
John  Adams, 
Robert  Treat  Paine, 
Eldridge  Gerry. 

ERODE   ISLAND,  ETC. 

Stephen  Hopkins, 
William  Ellery. 

CONNECTICUT. 

Roger  Sherman, 
Samuel  Huntington, 
William  Williams, 
Oliver  Wolcott. 

NEW  YOBK. 

William  Floyd, 
Philip  Livingston, 
Francis  Lewis, 
Lewis  Morris. 

NEW  JERSEY. 

Richard  Stockton, 
John  Witherspoon, 
Francis  Hopkinson, 
John  Hart, 
Abraham  Clark. 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

Robert  Morris, 
Benjamin  Rush, 
Benjamin  Franklin, 
John  Morton, 
George  Clymer, 
James  Smith, 
George  Taylor, 
James  Wilson, 
George  Ross. 

DELAWAEE. 

Caesar  Rodney, 
George  Read, 
Thomas  M'Kean. 

MAE  YL  AND. 

Samuel  Chase, 
William  Paca, 
Thomas  Stone, 
Charles  Carroll,  of  Carrollton. 

VIEGINIA. 

George  Wythe, 
Richard  Henry  Lee, 
Thomas  Jeflerson, 
Benjamin  Harrison, 
Thomas  Nelson,  jr., 
Francis  Lightfoot  Lee, 
Carter  Braxton. 


DECLARATION   OF   INDEPENDENCE.  17 

NOBTH  OABOLINA.  Thomas  Hey  ward,  jr., 

Tir'ii'       TT  Thomas  Lynch,  jr.. 

William  Hooper,  ^      my^£ 

Joseph  Hewes, 

John  Penn.  GEOEGIA. 


Edward  Rutledge,  George  Walton. 


18  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 


CONSTITUTION  OF  THE    UNITED   STATES, 


WE,  the  People  of  the  United  States,  in  order  to  form  a  more 
perfect  union,  establish  justice,  insure  domestic  tranquillity, 
provide  for  the  common  defence,  promote  the  general  wel- 
fare, and  secure  the  blessings  of  liberty  to  ourselves  and  our 
posterity,  do  ordain  and  establish  this  Constitution  for  the 
United  States  of  America. 

ARTICLE  I. 

§  I. — All  legislative  powers  herein  granted  shall 
be  vested  in  a  Congress  of  the  United  States,  which 
shall  consist  of  a  Senate  and  House  of  Representa- 
tives. 

§  II. — 1.  The  House  of  Representatives  shall  be 
composed  of  members  chosen  every  second  year  by 
the  people  of  the  several  States ;  and  the  electors  in 
each  State  shall  have  the  qualifications  requisite  for 
electors  of  the  most  numerous  branch  of  the  State 
legislature. 


CONSTITUTION   OF   THE   UNITED    STATES.  19 

2.  T$o  person  shall  be  a  representative  who  shall 
not  have  attained  the  age  of  twenty-five  years,  and 
been  seven  years  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and 
who  shall  not,  when  elected,  be  an  inhabitant  of  the 
State  in  which  he  shall  be  chosen. 

3.  Representatives  and  direct  taxes  shall  be  appor- 
tioned among  the  several  States  which  may  be 
included  within  this  Union,  according  to  their 
respective  numbers,  which  shall  be  determined  by 
adding  to  the  whole  number  of  free  persons,  includ- 
ing those  bound  to  service  for  a  term  of  years,  and 
excluding  Indians  not  taxed,  three-fifths  of  all  other 
persons.  The  actual  enumeration  shall  be  made 
within  three  years  after  the  first  meeting  of  the  Con- 
gress of  the  United  States,  and  within  every  subse- 
quent term  of  ten  years,  in  such  manner  as  they  shall 
by  law  direct.  The  number  of  representatives  shall 
not  exceed  one  for  every  thirty  thousand,  but  each 
State  shall  have  at  least  one  representative;  and 
until  such  enumeration  shall  be  made,  the  State  of 
New  Hampshire  shall  be  entitled  to  choose  three; 
Massachusetts,  eight ;  Rhode  Island  and  Providence 
Plantations,  one ;  Connecticut,  five ;  New  York, 
six  ;  New  Jersey,  four ;  Pennsylvania,  eight ;  Dela- 
ware, one ;  Maryland,  six ;  Virginia,  ten  ;  North 
Carolina,  five ;  South  Carolina,  five ;  Georgia,  three. 
4.  When  vacancies  happen  in  the  representation 


20  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

of  any  State,  the  executive  authority  thereof  shall 
issue  writs  of  election  to  fill  such  vacancies. 

5.  The  House  of  Eepresentatives  shall  choose 
their  speaker  and  other  officers,  and  shall  have  the 
sole  power  of  impeachment. 

§  III.— 1.  The  Senate  of  the  United  States  shall 
be  composed  of  two  senators  from  each  State,  chosen 
by  the  legislature  thereof,  for  six  years ;  and  each 
senator  shall  have  one  vote. 

2.  Immediately  after  they  shall  be  assembled  in 
consequence  of  the  first  election,  they  shall  be  divi- 
ded, as  equally  as  may  be,  into  three  classes.     The 
seats  of  the  senators  of  the  first  class  shall  be  vacated 
at  the  expiration  of  the  second  year,  of  the  second 
class  at  the  e*xpiration  of  the  fourth  year,  and  the 
third  class  at  the  expiration  of  the  sixth  year,  so  that 
one  third  may  be  chosen  every  second  year  ;  and  if 
vacancies  happen,  by  resignation  or  otherwise,  during 
the  recess  of  the  legislature  of  any  State,  the  execu- 
tive thereof  may  make  temporary  appointments  until 
the  next  meeting  of  the  legislature,  which  shall  then 
fill  such  vacancies. 

3.  No  person  shall  be  a  Senator  who  shall  not 
have  attained  the  age  of  thirty  years,  and  been  nine 
years  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  who  shall 
not,  when  elected,  be  an  inhabitant  of  that  State  for 
which  he  shall  be  chosen. 


CONSTITUTION   OF   THE   UNITED   STATES.  21 

4.  The  Vice-President  of  the  United  States  shall 
be  President  of  the  Senate,  but  shall  have  no  vote, 
unless  they  be  equally  divided. 

5.  The  Senate  shall  choose  their  other  officers, 
and  also  a  president  pro  tempore  in  the  absence  of 
the  Yice-President,  or  when  he  shall  exercise  the 
office  of  President  of  the  United  States. 

6.  TJie  Senate  shall  have  the  sole  power  to  try 
all  impeachments.     "When  sitting  for  that  purpose, 
they  shall  be  on   oath  or  affirmation.     When  the 
President  of  the  United  States  is  tried,  the  chief 
justice  shall  preside ;  and  no  person  shall  be  con- 
victed without  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds  of  the 
members  present. 

7.  Judgment,  in  cases  of  impeachment,  shall  not 
extend  further  than  to  removal  from  office,  and  dis- 
qualification to  hold  and  enjoy  any  office  of  honor, 
trust,  or  profit  under  the  United   States;  but  the 
party  convicted   shall,  nevertheless,  bte    liable   and 
subject  to  indictment,  trial,  judgment,  and  punish- 
ment, according  to  law. 

§  IY. — 1.  The  times,  places,  and  manner  of  hold- 
ing elections  for  Senators  and  representatives  shall 
be  prescribed  in  each  State  by  the  legislature 
thereof;  but  the  Congress  may,  at  any  time,  by  law, 
make  or  alter  such  regulations,  except  as  to  the 
places  of  choosing  senators. 


22  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

2.  The  Congress  shall  assemble  at  least  once  in 
every  year ;  and  such  meeting  shall  be  on  the  first 
Monday  in  December,  unless  they  shall  by  law  ap- 
point a  different  day. 

§  Y. — 1.  Each  house  shall  be  judge  of  the  elec- 
tions, returns,  and  qualifications  of  its  own  members ; 
and  a  majority  of  each  shall  constitute  a  quorum  to 
do  business ;  but  a  smaller  number  may  adjourn 
from  day  to  day,  and  may  be  authorized  to  compel 
the  attendance  of  absent  members,  in  such  manner 
and  under  such  penalties  as  each  house  may  provide. 

2.  Each  house  may  determine  the  rules'  of  its 
proceedings,  punish  its  members  for  disorderly  be- 
havior, and,  with  the  concurrence  of  two- thirds,  expel 
a  member. 

3.  Each  house  shall  keep  a  journal  of  its  proceed- 
ings,  and   from  time   to   time    publish   the    same, 
excepting  such  parts   as  may,  in   their  judgment, 
require  secrecy ;  and  the  yeas  and  nays  of  the  mem- 
bers of  either  house  on  any  question   shall,  at  the 
desire  of  one-fifth  of  those  present,  be  entered  on  the 
journal. 

4.  Neither  house,  during  the  session  of  Congress, 
shall,  without  the  consent  of  the  other,  adjourn  for 
more  than  three  days,  nor  to  any  other  place  than 
that  in  which  the  two  houses  shall  be  sitting. 

§  YI. — 1.  The  senators  and  representatives  shall 


CONSTITUTION   OF   THE   UNITED   STATES.  23 

receive  a  compensation  for  their  services,  to  be  ascer- 
tained by  law,  and  paid  out  of  the  treasury  of  the 
United  States.  They  shall,  in  all  cases  except 
treason,  felony,  and  breach  of  the  peace,  be  privi- 
leged from  arrest  during  their  attendance  at  the 
session  of  their  respective  houses,  and  in  going  to  or 
returning  from  the  same ;  and  for  any  speech  or 
debate  in  either  house  they  shall  not  be  questioned 
in  any  other  place. 

2.  "No  senator  or  representative  shall,  during  the 
time  for  which  he  was  elected,  be  appointed  to  any 
civil  office  under  the  authority  of  the  United  States 
which  shall  have  been  created?  or  the  emoluments 
whereof  shall  have  been  increased,  during  such  time ; 
and  no  person  holding  any  office  under  the  United 
States  shall  be  a  member  of  either  house  during  his 
continuance  in  office. 

§  VII. — 1.  All  bills  for  raising  revenue  shall 
originate  in  the  House  of  Representatives ;  but  the 
Senate  may  propose  or  concur  with  amendments,  as 
on  other  bills. 

2.  Every  bill  which  shall  have  passed  the  House 
of  Representatives  and  the  Senate  shall,  before  k 
becomes  a  law,  be  presented  to  the  President  of  the 
United  States  ;  if  he  approve,  he  shall  sign  it ;  but 
if  not,  he  shall  return  it  with  his  objections,  to  that 
house  in  which  it  shall  have  originated,  who  shall 


24  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

enter  the  objections  at  large  on  their  journal,  and 
proceed  to  reconsider  it.  If,  after  such  reconsidera- 
ation,  two  thirds  of  that  house  shall  agree  to  pass  the 
bill,  it  shall  be  sent,  together  with  the  objections,  to 
the  other  house ;  and  if  approved  by  two-thirds  of 
that  house  it  shall  become  a  law.  But  in  all  such 
cases  the  votes  of  both  houses  shall  be  determined  by 
yeas  and  nays ;  and  the  name  of  the  persons  voting 
for  and  against  the  bill  shall  be  entered  on  the  jour- 
nals of  each  house  respectively.  If  any  bill  shall  not 
be  returned  by  the  President  within  ten  days  (Sun- 
days excepted)  after  it  shall  have  been  presented  to 
him,  the  same  shall  be  a  law,  in  like  manner  as  if  he 
had  signed  it,  unless  Congress,  by  their  adjournment, 
prevent  its  return ;  in  which  case  it  shall  not  be  a 
law. 

3.  Every  order,  resolution,  or  vote  to  which  the 
concurrence  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representa- 
tives may  be  necessary  (except  on  a  question  of 
adjournment)  shall  be  presented  to  the  President  of 
the  United  States,  and  before  the  same  shall  take 
effect  shall  be  approved  by  him,  or,  being  disap- 
proved by  him,  shall  be  repassed  by  two-thirds  of  the 
Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  according  to 
the  rules  and  limitations  prescribed  in  the  case  of  a 
bill. 

§  VIII. — The  Congress  shall  have  power — 


CONSTITUTION   OF   THE   UNITED   STATES.  25 

1.  To  lay  and  collect  taxes,  duties,  imposts,  and 
excises  ;  to  pay  the  debts  and  provide  for  the  com- 
mon  defence   and  general  welfare  of  the  United 
States ;  but  all  duties,  imposts,  and  excises  shall  be 
uniform  throughout  the  United  States : 

2.  To  borrow  money  on  the  credit  of  the  United 
States : 

3.  To  regnlate  commerce  with  foreign  nations, 
and  among  the  several  States,  and  with  the  Indian 
tribes : 

i.  To  establish  a  uniform  rule  of  naturalization, 
and  uniform  laws  on  the  subject  of  bankruptcies, 
throughout  the  United  States  : 

5.  To  coin  money,  regulate  the  value  thereof,  and 
of  foreign  coin,  and  fix  the  standard  of  weights  and 
measures : 

6.  To  provide  for  the  punishment  of  counterfeit- 
ing the  securities  and  current  coin  of  the  United 
States : 

7.  To  establish  post  offices  and  post  roads  : 

8.  To  promote  the  progress  of  science  and  useful 
arts,  by  securing,  for  limited  times,  to  authors  and 
inventors  the  exclusive  right  to  their  respective  writ- 
ings and  discoveries : 

9.  To  constitute  tribunals  inferior  to  the  Supreme 
Court : 

10.  To  define  and  punish  piracies  and  felonies 


26  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

committed  on  the  high  seas,  and  offences  against  the 
law  of  nations : 

11.  To  declare  war,  grant  letters  of -marque  and 
reprisal,  and  make  rules  concerning  captures  on  land 
and  water : 

12.  To  raise  and  support  armies ;  but  no  appro- 
priation of  money  to  that  use  shall  be  for  a  longer 
term  than  two  years  : 

13.  To  provide  and  maintain  a  navy  : 

14.  To  make  rules  for  the  government  and  reg- 
ulation of  the  land  and  naval  forces : 

15.  To  provide  for  calling  forth  the  militia  to 
execute  the  laws  of  the  Union,  suppress  insurrections, 
and  repel  invasions 

16.  To  provide  for  organizing,  arming,  and  disci- 
plining the  militia,  and  for  governing  such  part  of 
them   as  may  be  employed  in  the  service  of  the 
United  States,  reserving  to  the  States  respectively  the 
appointment  of  the  officers,  and  the  authority  of 
training  the  militia,  according  to  the  discipline  pre- 
scribed by  Congress : 

17.  To  exercise  exclusive  legislation,  in  all  cases 
whatsoever,  over  such  district  (not  exceeding  ten 
miles  square)  as  may,  by  cession  of  particular  States, 
and  the  acceptance  of  Congress,  become  the  seat  of 
government  of  the  United  States,  and  to  exercise  like 
authority  over  all  places  purchased  by  the  consent  of 


CONSTITUTION   OF   THE    UNITED    STATES.  27 

the  legislature  of  the  State  in  which  the  same  shall 
be,  for  the  erection  of  forts,  magazines,  arsenals,  dock 
yards,  and  other  needful  building :  And, 

18.  To  make  all  laws  which  shall  be  necessary 
and  proper  for  carrying  into  execution  the  foregoing 
powers,  and  all  other  powers  vested  by  this  Consti- 
tution in  the  government  of  the  United  States,  or  in 
any  department  or  officer  thereof. 

§  IX. — 1.  The  migration  or  importation  of  such 
persons  as  any  of  the  States,  now  existing,  shall  think 
proper  to  admit,  shall  not  be  prohibited  by  the  Con- 
gress prior  to  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred 
and  eight ;  but  a  tax  or  duty  may  be  imposed  on 
such  importation,  not  exceeding  ten  dollars  for  each 
person. 

2.  The  privilege  of  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus 
shall  not  be  suspended,  unless  when,  in  cases  of  re- 
bellion or  invasion,  the  public  safety  may  require  it. 

3.  E"o  bill  of  attainder,  or  ex  post  facto  law,  shall 
be  passed. 

4.  No  capitation  or  other  direct  tax  shall  be  laid, 
unless  in  proportion  to  the  census  or  enumeration 
herein  before  directed  to  be  taken. 

5.  No  tax  or  duty  shall  be  laid  on  articles  ex- 
ported from   any  States.      No  preference  shall  be 
given,  by  any  regulation  of  commerce  or  revenue,  to 
the  ports  of  one  State  over  those  of  another ;  nor 


28  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

shall  vessels  bound  to  or  from  one  State  be  obliged 
to  enter,  clear,  or  pay  duties  in  another. 

6.  No  money  shall  be  drawn  from  the  treasury 
but  in  consequence  of  appropriations  made  by  law  ; 
and  a  regular  statement  and  account  of  the  receipts 
and  expenditurss  of  all  public  money  shall  be  pub- 
lished from  time  to  time. 

7.  ISTo  title  of  nobility  shall  be  granted  by  the 
United  States  ;  and  no  person  holding  any  office  of 
profit  or  trust  under  them  shall,  without  the  consent 
of  the  Congress,  accept  of  any  present,  emolument, 
office,  or  title  of  any  kind  whatever,  from  any  king, 
prince,  or  foreign  State. 

§  X. — 1.  ISTo  state  shall  enter  into  any  treaty, 
alliance,  or  confederation ;  grant  letters  of  marque 
and  reprisal ;  coin  money ;  emit  bills  of,,  credit ; 
make  any  thing  but  gold  and  silver  coin  a  tender  in 
payment  of  debts  ;  pass  any  bill  of  attainder,  ex  post 
facto  law,  or  impairing  the  obligation  of  contracts ; 
or  grant  any  title  of  nobility. 

2.  JSTo  State  shall,  without  the  consent  of  Con- 
gress, lay  any  imposts  or  duties  on  imports  or 
exports,  except  what  may  be  absolutely  necessary  for 
executing  its  inspection  laws  ;  and  the  net  produce 
of  all  duties  and  imposts  laid  by  any  State  on  im- 
ports or  exports  shall  be  for  the  use  of  the  treasury 
of  the  United  States  ;  and  all  such  laws  shall  be 


CONSTITUTION   OF   THE   UNITED   STATES.  29 

subject  to  the  revision  and  control  of  the  Congress. 
~No  State  shall,  without  the  consent  of  Congress,  lay 
any  duty  on  tonnage,  keep  troops  or  ships  of  war  in 
time  of  peace,  enter  into  any  agreement  or  compact 
with  another  State  or  with  a  foreign  power,  or 
engage  in  war,  unless  actually  invaded,  or  in  such 
imminent  danger  as  will  not  admit  of  delay. 

ARTICLE  n. 

§  I. — 1.  The  executive  power  shall  be  vested  in  a 
President  of  the  United  States  of  America.  He 
shall  hold  his  office  during  the  term  of  four  years, 
and,  together  with  the  Yice-President,  chosen  for  the 
same  term,  be  elected  as  follows : 

2.  Each  State  shall  appoint,  in  such  manner  as 
the  legislature  thereof  may  direct,  a  number  of  elec- 
tors, equal  to  the  whole  number  of  senators   and 
representatives  to  which  the  State  may  be  entitled  in 
the  Congress ;  but  no  senator  or  representative,  or 
person  holding  an  office  of  trust  or  profit  under  the 
United  States,  shall  be  appointed  an  elector. 

3.  [Annulled.     See  Amendments,  Art.  12.] 

4.  The   Congress  may   determine  the  time   of 
choosing  the  electors,  and  the  day  on  which  they 
shall  give  their  votes,  which  day  shall  be  the  same 
throughout  the  United  States. 


30  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

5.  "No  person  except  a  natural-born  citizen,  or  a 
citizen  of  the  United  States  at  the  time  of  the  adop- 
tion of  this  Constitution,  shall  be  eligible  to  the  office 
of  President ;  neither  shall  any  person  be  eligible  to 
that  office  who  shall  not  have  attained  the  age  of 
thirty-five  years,  and  been  fourteen  years  a  resident 
within  the  United  States. 

6.  In  case  of  the  removal  of  the  President  from 
office,  or  of  his  death,  resignation,  or  inability  to  dis- 
charge the  powers  and  duties  of  said  office,  the  same 
shall  devolve  on  the  Yice-President ;  and  the  Con- 
gress may  by  law  provide  for  the  case  of  removal, 
death,  resignation,  or  inability  both  of  the  President 
and  Yice-President,  declaring  what  officer  shall  then 

7  C5 

act  as  President,  and  such  officer  shall  act  accord- 
ingly, until  the  disability  be  removed,  or  a  President 
shall  be  elected. 

7.  The  President  shall,  at  stated  times,  receive 
for  his  services  a  compensation  which  shall  neither 
be  increased  nor  diminished  during  the  period  for 
which  he  shall  have  been  elected ;  and  he  shall  not 
receive,  within   that  period,  any  other  emolument 
from  the  United  States,  or  any  of  them. 

8.  Before  he  enter  on  the  execution  of  his  office, 
he  shall  take  the  following  oath  or  affirmation : — 

"  I  do  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm)   that  I   will 
faithfully  execute   the  office   of   President   of   the 


CONSTITUTION  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES.  31 

United  States,  and  will,  to  the  best  of  my  ability, 
preserve,  protect,  and  defend  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States." 

§  II. — 1.  The  President  shall  be  commander-in- 
chief  of  the  army  and  navy  of  the  United  States,  and 
of  the  militia  of  the  several  States,  when  called  into 
the  actual  service  of  the  United  States  :  he  may 
require  the  opinion,  in  writing,  of  the  principal 
officer  in  each  of  the  executive  departments  upon 
any  subject  relating  to  the  duties  of  their  respective 
offices ;  and  he  shall  have  power  to  grant  reprieves 
and  pardons  for  offences  against  the  United  States, 
except  in  cases  of  impeachment. 

2.  He  shall  have  power,  by  and  with  the  advice 
and  consent  of  the  Senate,  to  make  treaties,  provided 
two-thirds  of  the  Senators  present  concur ;  and  he 
shall  nominate,  and  by  and  with  the  advice  and 
consent  of  the  Senate  shall   appoint,  ambassadors, 
other  public  ministers,  and  consuls,  judges  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  and  all  other  officers  of  the  United 
States  whose  appointments  are  not  herein  otherwise 
provided  for,  and  which  shall  be  established  by  law. 
But  the  Congress  may,  by  law,  vest  the  appointment 
of  such  inferior  officers  as  they  think  proper  in  the 
President  alone,  in  the  courts  of  law,  or  in  the  heads 
of  departments. 

3.  The  President  shall  have  power  to  fill  up  all 


32  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

vacancies  that  may  happen  during  the  recess  of  the 
Senate,  by  granting  commissions,  which  shall  expire 
at  the  end  of  the  next  session. 

§  III. — He  shall,  from  time  to  time,  give  to  the 
Congress  information  of  the  state  of  the  Union,  and 
recommend  to  their  consideration  such  measures  as 
he  shall  judge  necessary  and  expedient ;  he  may,  on 
extraordinary  occasions,  convene  both  houses,  or 
either  of  them,  and  in  case  of  disagreement  between 
them  with  respect  to  the  time  of  adjournment,  he 
may  adjourn  them  to  such  time  as  he  shall  think 
proper ;  he  shall  receive  ambassadors  and  other  public 
ministers ;  he  shall  take  care  that  the  laws  are  faith- 
fully executed ;  and  shall  commission  all  the  officers 
of  the  United  States. 

§IY.— The  President,  Vice-President,  and  all 
civil  officers  of  the  United  States,  shall  be  removed 
from  office  on  impeachment  for,  and  conviction  of, 
treason,  bribery,  or  other  high  crimes  and  misde- 
meanors. 

ARTICLE  in. 

§  I. — The  judicial  power  of  the  United  States 
shall  be  vested  in  one  Supreme  Court,  and  in  such 
inferior  courts  as  the  Congress  may,  from  time  to 
time,  ordain  and  establish.  The  judges,  both  of  the 
Supreme  and  inferior  courts,  shall  hold  their  offices 


CONSTITUTION   OF   THE   UNITED   STATES.  33 

during  good  behavior,  and  shall,  at  stated  times, 
receive  for  their  services  a  compensation  which  shall 
not  be  diminished  during  their  continuance  in  office. 
§  II. — 1.  The  judicial  power  shall  extend  to  all 
cases  in  law  and  equity  arising  under  this  Constitu- 
tion, the  laws  of  the  United  States,  and  treaties 
made,  or  which  shall  be  made  under  their  authority ; 
to  all  cases  affecting  ambassadors,  and  other  public 
ministers,  and  consuls ;  to  all  cases  of  admiralty  and 
maritime  jurisdiction  ;  to  controversies  to  which  the 
United  States  shall  be  a  party  ;  to  controversies  be- 
tween two  or  more  States;  between  a  State  and 
citizens  of  another  State ;  between  citizens  of  differ- 
ent States;  between  citizens  of  the  same  State, 
claiming  lands  under  grants  of  different  States,  and 
between  a  State,  or  the  citizens  thereof,  and  foreign 
States,  citizens,  or  subjects. 

2.  In  all  cases  affecting  ambassadors,  other  public 
ministers,  and  consuls,  and  those  in  which  a  State 
shall  be  a  party,  the  Supreme  Court  shall  have  orig- 
inal jurisdiction.     In  all   other  cases   before   men- 
tioned,  the   Supreme   Court   shall    have    appellate 

?  jurisdiction,  both  as  to  law  and  fact,  with  such  ex- 
ceptions, and  under  such  regulations,  as  the  Congress 
shall  make. 

3.  The  trial  of  all  crimes,  except  in  cases  of  im- 
peachment, shall  be  by  jury;  and  such  trial  shall  be 

2* 


34  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

held  in  the  State  where  such  crimes  shall  have  been 
committed ;  but  when  not  committed  within  any 
State,  the  trial  shall  be  at  such  place  or  places  as  the 
Congress  may  by  law  have  directed. 

§  III. — 1.  Treason  against  the  United  States 
shall  consist  only  in  levying  war  against  them,  or  in 
adhering  to  their  enemies,  giving  them  aid  and  com- 
fort !N~o  person  shall  be  convicted  of  treason,  unless 
on  the  testimony  of  two  witnesses  to  the  same  overt 
act,  or  confessions  in  open  court. 

2.  The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  declare  the 
punishment  of  treason;  but  no  attainder  of  treason 
shall  work  corruption  of  blood,  or  forfeiture,  except 
during  the  life  of  the  person  attainted. 

ARTICLE  rv. 

§  I. — Full  faith  and  credit  shall  be  given  in  each 
State  to  the  public  acts,  records,  and  judicial  pro- 
ceedings of  every  other  State.  And  the  Congress 
may,  by  general  laws,  prescribe  the  manner  in  which 
such  acts,  records,  and  proceedings  shall  be  proved, 
and  the  effect  thereof. 

§  II. — 1.  The  citizens  of  each  State  shall  be  en- 
titled to  all  privileges  and  immunities  of  citizens  in 
the  several  States. 

2.  A  person  charged  in  any  State  with  treason, 


CONSTITUTION   OF   THE   UNITED   STATES.  35 

felony,  or  other  crime,  who  shall  flee  from  justice, 
and  be  found  in  another  State,  shall,  on  demand  of 
the  executive  authority  of  the  State  from  which  he 
fled,  be  delivered  up  to  be  removed  to  the  State 
having  jurisdiction  of  the  crime. 

3.  E~o  person  held  to  service  or  labor  in  one 
State,  under  the  laws  thereof,  escaping  into  another, 
shall,  in  consequence  of  any  law  or  regulation 
therein,  be  discharged  from  such  service  or  labor,  but 
shall  be  delivered  up  on  claim  of  the  party  to  whom 
such  service  or  labor  may  be  due. 

§  III. — 1.  JSTew  States  may  be  admitted  by  the 
Congress  into  this  Union  ;  but  no  new  State  shall 
shall  be  formed  or  erected  within  the  jurisdiction  of 
any  other  State;  nor  any  State  be  formed  by  the 
junction  of  two  or  more  States,  or  parts  of  States, 
without  the  consent  of  the  legislature  of  the  States 
concerned,  as  well  as  of  the  Congress. 

2.  The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  dispose  of 
and  make  all  needful  rules  and  regulations  respecting 
the  territory  or  other  property  belonging  to  the 
United  States;  and  nothing  in  this  Constitution 
shall  be  so  construed  as  to  prejudice  any  claims  of 
the  United  States,  or  of  any  particular  State. 

§  IV. — The  United  States  shall  guaranty  to  every 
State  of  this  Union  a  republican  form  of  government, 
and  shall  protect  each  of  them  against  invasion,  and, 


36  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

on  application  of  the  legislature,  or  of  the  executive, 
(when  the  legislature  cannot  be  convened,)  against 
domestic  violence. 

ABTIOLE  V. 

The  Congress,  whenever  two-thirds  of  both 
houses  shall  deem  it  necessary,  shall  propose  amend- 
ments to  this  Constitution,  or,  on  the  application  of 
the  legislatures  of  two-thirds  of  the  several  States, 
shall  call  a  convention  for  proposing  amendments, 
which,  in  either  case,  shall  be  valid  to  all  intents  and 
purposes,  as  part  of  this  Constitution,  when  ratified 
by  the  legislatures  of  three-fourths,  of  the  several 
States,  or  by  conventions  in  three-fourths  thereof,  as 
the  one  or  the  other  mode  of  ratification  may  be  pro- 
posed by  the  Congress ;  provided  that  no  amend- 
ment which  may  be  made  prior  to  the  year  one 
thousand  eight  hundred  and  eight  shall  in  any 
manner  affect  the  first  and  fourth  clauses  in  the  ninth 
section  of  the  first  article ;  and  that  no  State,  with- 
out its  consent,  shall  He  deprived  of  its  equal 
suffrage  in  the  Senate. 

ARTICLE  VI. 

1.  All  debts  contracted,  and  engagements  entered 
into,  before  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution,  shall 
be  as  valid  against  'the  United  States  under  this 
Constitution  as  under  the  confederation. 


CONSTITUTION   OF  THE   UNITED   STATES.  37 

2.  This  Constitution,  and  the  laws  of  the  United 
States  which  shall  be  made  in  pursuance  thereof,  and 
all  treaties  made,  or  which  shall  be  made,  under  the 
authority  of  the  United  States,  shall  be  the  supreme 
law  of  the  land ;  and  the  judges  in  every  State  shall 
be  bound  thereby ;  any  thing  in  the  Constitution  or 
laws  of  any  State  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 

3.  The  senators  and  representatives  before  men- 
tioned, and  the  members  of  the  several  State  legisla- 
tures, and  all  executive  and  all  judicial  officers,  both 
of  the  United  States  and  of  the  several  States,  shall 
be  bound  by  oath  or  affirmation   to   support  this 
Constitution ;    but   no  religious  test  shall  ever  be 
required  as  a  qualification  to  any  office  or  public 
trust  under  the  United  States. 

ARTICLE  Yn. 

The  ratification  of  the  conventions  of  nine  States 
shall  be  sufficient  for  the  establishment  of  this  Con- 
stitution between  the  States  so  ratifying  the  same. 

Done  in  Convention,  by  the  unanimous  consent  of  the  States 
present,  the  seventeenth  day  of  September,  in  the  year  of 
our  Lord  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  eighty-seven,  and 
of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States  of  America  the 
twelfth.  In  witness  whereof,  we  have  hereunto  subscribed 
our  names. 

GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
President,  and  Deputy  from  Virginia. 


38 


NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

John  Langdon, 
Nicholas  Giiman. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Nathaniel  Gorham, 
Rufus  King. 

CONNECTICUT. 

Wm.  Samuel  Johnson, 
Roger  Sherman. 

NEW  YORK. 

Alexander  Hamilton. 

NEW  JEKSEY. 

William  Livingston, 
David  Brearley, 
William  Patterson, 
Jonathan  Dayton. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Benjamin  Franklin, 
Thomas  Mifflin, 
Robert  Morris, 
George  Clymer, 
Thomas  Fitzsimons, 
Jared  Ingersoll, 
James  Wilson, 
Gouverneur  Morris. 


DELAWABE. 


George  Read, 
Gunning  Bedford,  jr., 
John  Dickinson, 
Richard  Bassett, 
Jacob  Broom. 

MARYLAND. 

James  McHenry, 

Daniel  of  St.  Tho.  Jenifer, 

Daniel  Carroll. 

VIBGINIA. 
John  Blair, 
James  Madison,  jr. 

NOBTH  OAEOLINA. 

William  Blount, 
Rich.  Dobbs  Spaight, 
Hugh  Williamson. 

SOUTH  OAEOLINA. 

John  Rutledge, 
Charles  C.  Pinckney, 
Charles  Pinckney, 
Pierce  Butler. 

GEORGIA. 

William  Few, 
Abraham  Baldwin. 


Attest,        WILLIAM  JACKSON,  Secretary. 


AMENDMENTS   TO   THE   CONSTITUTION  39 


AMENDMENTS  TO  THE  CONSTITUTION. 


ART.  I. — Congress  shall  make  no  law  respecting 
an  establishment  of  religion,  or  prohibiting  the  free 
exercise  thereof ;  or  abridging  the  freedom  of  speech, 
or  of  the  press  ;  or  the  right  of  the  people  peaceably 
to  assemble  and  to  petition  the  government  for  a 
redress  of  grievances. 

AKT.  II. — A  well-regulated  militia  being  neces- 
sary to  the  security  of  a  free  State,  the  right  of  the 
people  to  keep  and  bear  arms  shall  not  be  infringed. 

AJBT.  III.—  No  soldier  shall,  in  time  of  peace,  be 
quartered  in  any  house  without  the  consent  of  the 
owner,  nor  in  time  of  war  but  in  a  manner  to  be 
prescribed  by  law. 

ART.  IY. — The  right  of  the  people  to  be  secure 
in  their  persons,  houses,  papers,  and  effects,  against 
unreasonable  searches  and  seizures,  shall  not  be 
violated ;  and  no  warrants  shall  issue  but  upon 


40  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

probable  cause,  supported  by  oath  or  affirmation, 
and  particularly  describing  the  place  to  be  searched, 
and  the  persons  or  things  to  be  seized. 

ART.  Y. — No  person  shall  be  held  to  answer  for 
a  capital  or  otherwise  infamous  crime,  unless  on  a 
presentment  or  indictment  of  a  grand  jury,  except  in 
cases  arising  in  the  land  or  naval  forces,  or  in  the 
militia  when  in  actual  service,  in  time  of  war  or 
public  danger ;  nor  shall  any  person  be  subject  for 
the  same  offence  to  be  twice  put  in  jeopardy  of  life 
or  limb;  nor  shall  be  compelled,  in  any  criminal 
case,  to  be  witness  against  himself,  nor  be  deprived 
of  life,  liberty,  or  property,  without  due  process  of 
law ;  nor  shall  private  property  be  taken  for  public 
use  without  just  compensation. 

ART.  YI. — In  all  criminal  prosecutions,  the  ac- 
cused shall  enjoy  the  right  to  a  speedy  and  public 
trial  by  an  impartial  jury  of  the  State  and  district 
wherein  the  crime  shall  have  been  committed,  which 
district  shall  have  been  previously  ascertained  by 
law,  and  to  be  informed  of  the  nature  and  cause  of 
the  accusation ;  to  be  confronted  with  the  witnesses 
against  him ;  to  have  compulsory  process  for  obtain- 
ing witnesses  in  his  favor ;  and  to  have  the  assistance 
of  counsel  for  his  defence. 

ART.  VII. — In  suits  of  common  law,  where  the 
value  in  controversy  shall  exceed  twenty  dollars,  the 


AMENDMENTS  TO  THE   CONSTITUTION.  41 

right  of  trial  by  jury  shall  be  preserved ;  and  no  fact, 
tried  by  a  jury,  shall  be  otherwise  reexamined  in 
any  court  of  the  United  States  than  according  to  the 
rules  of  the  common  law. 

ART.  YIII. — Excessive  bail  shall  not  be  required, 
nor  excessive  fines  imposed,  nor  cruel  and  unusual 
punishments  inflicted. 

ART.  IX. — The  enumeration  in  the  Constitution 
of  certain  rights  shall  not  be  construed  to  deny  or 
disparage  others  retained  by  the  people. 

ART.  X. — The  powers  not  delegated  to  the  United 
States  by  the  Constitution,  nor  prohibited  by  it  to 
the  States,  are  reserved  to  the  States  respectively,  or 
to  the  people. 

ART.  XI. — The  judicial  power  of  the  United 
States  shall  not  be  construed  to  extend  to  any  suit  in 
law  or  equity  commenced  or  prosecuted  against  one 
of  the  United  States  by  citizens  of  another  State,  or 
by  citizens  or  subjects  of  any  foreign  State. 

ART.  XII. — The  electors  shall  meet  in  their 
respective  States,  and  vote  by  ballot  for  President 
and  Yice-President,  one  of  whom,  at  least,  shall  not 
be  an  inhabitant  of  the  same  State  with  themselves ; 
they  shall  name  in  their  ballots  the  person  voted  for 
as  President,  and  in  distinct  ballots  the  person  voted 
for  as  Yice-President ;  and  they  shall  make  distinct 
lists  of  all  persons  voted  for  as  President,  and  of  all 


2  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

persons  voted  for  as  Yice-President,  and  of  the 
number  of  votes  for  each ;  which  lists  they  shall  sign 
and  certify,  and  transmit,  sealed,  to  the  seat  of  gov- 
ernment of  the  United  States,  directed  to  the  presi- 
dent of  the  Senate.  The  president  of  the  Senate 
shall,  in  the  presence  of  the  Senate  and  House  of 
Representatives,  open  all  the  certificates,  and  the 
votes  shall  then  be  counted  ;  the  person  having  the 
greatest  number  of  votes  for  President  shall  be 
President,  if  such  number  be  a  majority  of  the  whole 
number  of  electors  appointed  ;  and  if  no  person  have 
such  a  majority,  then  from  the  persons  having  the 
highest  number,  not  exceeding  three,  on  the  list  of 
those  voted  for  as  President,  the  House  of  Represen 
tatives  shall  choose  immediately,  by  ballot,  the 
President.  But,  in  choosing  the  President,  the  votes 
shall  be  taken  by  States,  the  representation  from 
each  State  having  one  vote ;  a  quorum  for  this  pur- 
pose shall  consist  of  a  member  or  members  from  two 
thirds  of  the  States,  and  a  majority  of  all  the  States 
shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice.  And  if  the  House  of 
Representatives  shall  not  choose  a  President,  when- 
ever the  right  of  choice  shall  devolve  upon  them, 
before  the  fourth  day  of  March  next  following,  then 
the  Yice-President  shall  act  as  President,  as  in  the 
case  of  the  death  or  other  constitutional  disability  of 
the  President. 


AMENDMENTS   TO   THE   CONSTITUTION.  43 

2.  The  person  having  the  greatest  number  ot 
votes  as  Yice-President  shall  be  the  Yice-President, 
if  such  number  be  a  majority  of  the  whole  number 
of  electors  appointed ;  and  if  no  person  have  a  ma- 
jority, then  from  the  two  highest  numbers  on  the 
list  the  Senate  shall  choose  the  Yice-President;  a 
quorum  for  the  purpose  shall  consist  of  two-thirds  of 
the  whole  number  of  senators,  and  a  majority  of  the 
whole  number  shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice. 

3.  But  no  person   constitutionally  ineligible  to 
the  office  of  President  shall  be  eligible  to  that  of 
Yice-President  of  the  United  States. 


44  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 


THE  CONSTITUTIONAL  AMENDMENT, 


AETICLE  Y.  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States  clearly  and  distinctly  sets  forth  the  mode  and 
manner  in  which  that  instrument  may  be  amended, 
as  follows : 

"  The  Congress,  whenever  two-thirds  of  both 
Houses  shall  deem  it  necessary,  shall  propose  amend- 
ments to  this  Constitution,  or,  on  the  application  of 
the  Legislatures  of  two-thirds  of  the  several  States, 
shall  call  a  convention  for  proposing  amendments, 
which  in  either  case  shall  be  valid  to  all  intents  and 
purposes,  as  part  of  this  Constitution,  when  ratified 
by  the  Legislatures  of  three-fourths  of  the  several 
States,  or  by  conventions  in  three-fourths  thereof,  as 
the  one  or  the  other  mode  of  ratification  may  be  pro- 
posed by  the  Congress." 

In  accordance  with  this  article  of  the  Constitu- 
tion, the  following  resolution  was  proposed  in  the 
Senate,  on  February  1, 1864,  adopted  April  8, 1864,  by 


THE   CONSTITUTIONAL   AMENDMENT.  45 

a  vote  of  38  to  6,  and  was  proposed  in  the  House  Juno 
15, 1864,  adopted  Jan.  31, 1865,  by  a  vote  of  119  to  56 : 

JZesolved,  By  the  Senate  and  House  of  Represen- 
tatives of  the  United  States  of  America,  in  Congress 
assembled,  two-thirds  of  both  Houses  concurring,  thai 
the  following  article  be  proposed  to  the  Legislatures, 
of  the  several  States,  as  an  amendment  to  the  consti- 
tution of  the  United  States,  which,  when  ratified  by 
three-fourths  of  said  Legislatures,  shall  be  valid  to  all 
intents  and  purposes,  as  apart  of  the  said  Constitution, 
namely : 

Art.  XIII.  1st.  Neither  slavery  nor  involuntary 
servitude,  except  as  a  punishment  for  crime,  whereof 
the  party  shall  have  been  duly  convicted,  shall  exist 
within  the  United  States,  or  any  place  subject  to 
their  jurisdiction. 

The  amendment  was  now  sent  by  the  Secretary  of 
State  to  the  Governors  of  the  several  States  for  rati- 
fication by  the  Legislatures  ;  a  majority  vote  in  three- 
fourths  being  required  to  make  it  a  law  of  the  land. 

On  Dec.  18,  1865,  Secretary  Seward  officially 
announced  to  the  country  the  ratification  of  the 
Amendment  as  follows : 

To  all  to  wJwm  these  presents  may  come,  Greeting  : 

Know  ye,   That,  whereas    the   Congress  of   the 

United  States,  on  the  1st  of  February  last,  passed  a 

resolution,  which  is  in  the  words  following,  namely : 


4:6  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

"A  resolution  submitting  to  the  Legislatures  of 
the  several  States  a  proposition  to  amend  the  Con 
stitution  of  the  United  States." 

"  Resolved,  By  the  Senate  and  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives of  the  United  States  of  America  in 
Congress  assembled,  two-thirds  of  both  Houses 
concurring,  that  the  following  article  be  proposed  to 
the  Legislatures  of  the  several  States  as  an  Amend- 
ment to  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States, 
which,  when  ratified  by  three-fourths  of  said  Legisla- 
tures, shall  be  valid  to  all  intents  and  purposes  as  a 
part  of  said  Constitution,  namely  : 

"'  ARTICLE  XIII. 

" c  SECTION  1.  Neither  slavery  nor  involuntary 
servitude,  except  as  a  punishment  for  crime,  whereof 
the  party  shall  have  been  duly  convicted,  shall  exist 
within  the  United  States,  or  any  place  subject 
to  their  jurisdiction. 

"  *  SECTION  2.  Congress  shall  have  power  to 
enforce  this  article  by  appropriate  legislation.'  " 

And  whereas.  It  appears  from  official  documents 
on  file  in  this  Department,  that  the  Amendment  to 
the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  proposed  as 
aforesaid,  has  been  ratified  by  the  Legislatures  of  the 
States  of  Illinois,  Rhode  Island,  Michigan,  Mary- 
land, New  York,  "West  Virginia,  Maine,  Kansas, 
Massachusetts,  Pennsylvania,  Virginia,  Ohio,  Mis 


THE    CONSTITUTIONAL   AMENDMENT.  47 

souri,  Nevada,  Indiana,  Louisiana,  Minnesota* 
"Wisconsin,  Yermont,  Tennessee,  Arkansas,  Connecti- 
cut, New  Hampshire,  South  Carolina,  Alabama, 
North  Carolina,  and  Georgia,  in  all  27  States. 

And  whereas.  The  whole  number  of  States  in  the 
United  States  is  36. 

And  whereas.  The  before  specially  named  States, 
whose  Legislatures  have  ratified  the  said  proposed 
Amendment,  constitute  three-fourths  of  the  whole 
number  of  States  in  the  United  States  : 

Now,  therefore,  be  it  known  that  I,  William  H. 
Seward,  Secretary  of  State  of  the  IJnited  States,  by 
virtue  and  in  pursuance  of  the  second  section  of  the 
act  of  Congress,  approved  the  20th  of  April,  1818, 
entitled  "  An  act  to  provide  for  the  publication  of 
the  laws  of  the  United  States,  and  for  other  pur- 
poses," do  hereby  certify  that  the  Amendment  afore- 
said has  become  valid  to  all  intents  and  purposes  as 
a  part  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States. 

In  testimony  whereof,  I  have  hereunto  set  my 
hand  and  caused  the  seal  of  the  Department  of  State 
to  be  affixed. 

Done  at  the  City  of  Washington,  this  18th  day 
of  December,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  186^,  and  of 
the  Independence  of  the  United  States  of  America 
the  90th. 

WM.   H.  SEWARD,  Secretary  of  State. 


4:8  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


PEOPOSED     AMENDMENTS. 

ADOPTED  BY  CONGRESS  JUNE   13TH,   1866,    AND   WHEN  EATIFIED 
BY   TWO-THIRDS    OF   THE    LEGISLATURES    BECOMES    A   PAET    OF 

THE    CONSTITUTION. 

• 

THE  joint  resolution  as  passed  is  as  follows  : 
Resolved,  By  the  Senate  and  House  of  Represen- 
tatives of  the  United  States  of  America,  in  Congress 
assembled,  (two-thirds  of  both  Houses  concurring), 
That  the  following  article  be  proposed  to  the  Legis- 
latures of  the  several  States,  as  an  amendment  to  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States,  which,  when  rati- 
fied by  three-fourths  of  said  Legislatures,  shall  be 
valid  as  part  of  the  Constitution,  namely  : 

ARTICLE  — . 

§  1.  All  persons  born  or  naturalized  in  the 
United  States,  and  subject  to  the  jurisdiction  thereof, 
are  citizens  of  the  United  States  and  the  States 
wherein  they  reside.  No  State  shall  make  or 


PROPOSED   AMENDMENTS.  l£)  t  49 


enforce  any  law  which  shall  abridge  th\^vrivifeges  or 
immunities  of  citizens  of  the  United  Nsft^tgs*;  nor, 
shall  any  State  deprive  any  person  of  life,  m>erty"or 
happiness,  without  due  process  of  law,  nor  deny  to 
any  person  within  its  jurisdiction  the  equal  protec- 
tion of  the  laws. 

§  2.  Representatives  shall  be  apportioned  among 
the  several  States  according  to  their  respective  num- 
bers, counting  the  whole  number  of  persons,  exclud- 
ing Indians  not  taxed.  But  whenever  the  right  to 
vote  at  any  election  for  the  choice  of  electors  for 
President  and  Yice-President,  representatives  in 
Congress,  executive  and  judicial  officers,  or  members 
of  the  Legislature  thereof,  is  denied  to  any  of  the 
male  inhabitants  of  such  State,  being  21  years  of 
age,  and  citizens  of  the  United  States,  or  in  any  way 
abridged,  except  for  participation  in  rebellion  or 
other  crime,  the  basis  of  representation  therein  shall 
be  reduced  in  the  proportion  which  the  number  of 
such  male  citizens  shall  bear  to  the  whole  number  of 
male  citizens  21  years  of  age  in  such  State. 

§  3.  That  no  person  shall  be  a  Senator  or  Repre- 
sentative in  Congress,  or  elector  of  President  and 
Vice  President,  or  hold  any  office,  civil  or  military, 
under  the  United  States,  or  under  any  State,  who, 
having  previously  taken  an  oath  as  a  member  of 
Congress,  or  as  an  officer  of  the  United  States,  or  as 
3 


50  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

a  member  of  any  State  Legislature?  or  as  an  execu- 
tive or  judicial  officer  of  any  State,  to  support  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States,  shall  have 
engaged  in  insurrection  or  rebellion  against  the 
same,  or  given  aid  and  comfort  to  the  enemies  there- 
of. But  Congress  may,  by  a  vote  of  two-thirds  of 
each  House,  remove  such  disabilities. 

§  4.  The  validity  of  the  public  debt  of  the 
United  States  authorized  by  law,  including  debts 
incurred  for  payment  of  pensions  and  bounties  for 
services  in  suppressing  insurrection  or  rebellion, 
shall  not  be  questioned.  But  neither  the  United 
States  or  any  State  shall  assume  or  pay  any  debt  or 
obligation  incurred  in  aid  of  insurrection  or  rebellion 
against  the  United  States,  or  any  claim  for  the  loss 
or  emancipation  of  any  slave ;  but  all  such  debts, 
obligations,  and  claims  shall  be  held  illegal  and 
void. 

§  5.  The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce, 
by  appropriate  legislation,  the  provisions  of  this 
article. 


THE   ORDINANCE   OF    1787.  51 


THE    OEDINANCE    OF   1787, 

Passed  by  Congress  previous  to  the  Adoption  of  the  New  Consti- 
tution, and  subsequently  adopted  by  Congress,  Aug.  7,  1789, 
entitled,  "An  Ordinance  for  the  Government  of  the  Terri- 
tory of  the  United  States  north-west  of  the  River  Ohio" 

(All  the  Articles  of  this  ordinance,  previous  to  Article  VI. , 
relate  to  the  organization  and  powers  of  the  government  of  the 
territory,  the  following  section  being  all  that  relates  to  slavery.) 

ARTICLE  VI. 

There  shall  be  neither  slavery  nor  involuntary 
servitude  in  the  said  territory,  otherwise  than  in 
punishment  of  crimes,  whereof  the  party  shall  have 
been  duly  convicted :  Provided  always,  that  any 
person  escaping  into  the  same,  from  whom  labor  or 
service  is  lawfully  claimed  in  any  one  of  the  original 
States,  such  fugitive  may  be  lawfully  reclaimed  and 
conveyed  to  the  person  claiming  his  or  her  labor  or 
service,  as  aforesaid. 

Done  by  the  United  States  in  Congress  assembled 
the  thirteenth  day  of  July,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord 
1787,  and  of  the  sovereignty  and  Independence 
the  twelfth. 

WILLIAM  GBAYSON,  Chairman. 
CHABLES  THOMPSON,  Secretary. 


52  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


THE    FUGITIVE  SLAVE  BILL  OF  1793. 

ADOPTED   FEBEFAEY   12,  1V93. 

An  Act  respecting  Fugitives  from  Justice,  and 
Persons  escaping  from  the  Service  of  their 
Masters. 

Be  it  enacted  ~by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives of  the  United  States  of  America  in  Con- 
gress assembled,  That  whenever  the  executive 
authority  of  any  State  in  the  Union,  or  of  either  of 
the  territories  north-west  or  south  of  the  River  Ohio, 
shall  demand  any  person,  as  a  fugitive  from  justice, 
of  the  executive  authority  of  any  such  State  or  Terri- 
tory to  which  such  person  shall  have  fled,  and  shall, 
moreover,  produce  the  copy  of  an  indictment  found, 
or  an  affidavit  made  before  a  magistrate  of  any  State 
or  Territory  as  aforesaid,  charging  the  person  so 
demanded  with  having  committed  treason,  felony,  or 
other  crime,  certified  as  authentic  by  the  governor  or 


THE   FUGITIVE    SLAVE   BILL   OF    1793.  53 

chief  magistrate  of  the  State  or  Territory  from 
-whence  the  person  so  charged  fled,  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  the  executive  authority  of  the  State  or  Terri- 
tory to  which  such  person  shall  have  fled,  to  cause 
him  or  her -to  be  arrested  and  secured,  and  notice  of 
the  arrest  to  be  given  to  the  executive  authority 
making  such  demand,  or  to  the  agent  of  such 
authority  appointed  to  receive  the  fugitive,  and  to 
cause  the  fugitive  to  be  delivered  to  such  agent 
when  he  shall  appear.  But  if  no  such  agent  shall 
appear  within  six  months  from  the  time  of  the  arrest, 
the  prisoner  may  be  discharged.  And  all  costs  or 
expenses  incurred  in  the  apprehending,  securing,  and 
transmitting  such  fugitive  to  the  State  or  Territory 
making  such  demand,  shall  be  paid  by  such  State  or 
Territory. 

And  ~be  it  further  enacted,  That  any  agent 
appointed  as  aforesaid,  who  shall  receive  the  fugitive 
into  his  custody,  shall  be  empowered  to  transport 
him  or  her  to  the  State  or  Territory  from  which  he 
or  she  shall  have  fled.  And  if  any  person  or  persons 
shall  by  force  set  at  liberty  or  rescue  the  fugitive 
from  such  agent  while  transporting  as  aforesaid,  the 
person  or  persons  so  offending  shall,  on  conviction, 
be  fined  not  exceeding  five  hundred  dollars,  and  be 
imprisoned  not  exceeding  one  year. 

And  ~be  it  also  enacted.  That  when  a  person  held 


54  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

to  labor  in  any  of  the  United  States,  or  in  either  of 
the  Territories  on  the  north-west  or  south  of  the 
River  Ohio,  under  the  laws  thereof,  shall  escape  into 
any  other  of  the  said  States  or  Territory,  the  person 
to  whom  such  labor  or  service  may  be  due,  his  agent 
or  attorney,  is  hereby  empowered  to  seize  or  arrest 
such  fugitive  from  labor,  and  to  take  him  or  her 
before  any  judge  of  the  Circuit  or  District  Courts  of 
the  United  States,  residing  or  being  within  the 
State,  or  before  any  magistrate  of  a  county,  city,  or 
town  corporate,  wherein  such  seizure  or  arrest  shall 
be  made,  and  upon  proof  to  the  satisfaction  of  such 
judge  or  magistrate,  either  by  oral  testimony  or  affi- 
davit taken  before,  and  certified  by,  a  magistrate  of 
any  such  State  or  Territory,  that  the  person  so 
seized  or  arrested  doth,  under  the  laws  of  the  State 
or  Territory  from  which  he  or  she  fled,  owe  services 
or  labor  to  the  person  claiming  him  or  her,  it  shall 
be  the  duty  of  such  judge  or  magistrate  to  give  a 
certificate  thereof  to  such  claimant,  his  agent  or 
attorney,  which  shall  be  sufficient  warrant  for  remov- 
ing the  said  fugitive  from  labor  to  the  State  or 
Territory  from  which  he  or  she  fled. 

And  be  it  further  enacted.  That  any  person  who 
shall  knowingly  and  willingly  obstruct  or  hinder 
such  claimant,  his  agent  or  attorney,  in  so  seizing  or 
arresting  such  fugitive  from  labor,  or  shall  rescue 


THE  FUGITIVE   SLAVE  BILL   OF   1850.  55 

such  fugitive  from  such  claimant,  his  agent  or  attor- 
ney, when  so  arrested  pursuant  to  the  authority 
herein  given  or  declared,  or  shall  harbor  or  conceal 
such  person  after  notice  that  he  or  she  was  a  fugitive 
from  labor  as  aforesaid,  shall,  for  either  of  the  said 
offences,  forfeit  and  pay  the  sum  of  five  hundred 
dollars.  "Which  penalty  may  be  recovered  by  and 
for  the  benefit  of  such  claimant,  by  action  of  debt,  in 
any  court  proper  to  try  the  same ;  saving,  moreover, 
to  the  person  claiming  such  labor  or  service,  his 
right  of  action  for  or  on  account  of  the  said  injuries, 
or  either  of  them. 


THE  FUGITIVE   SLAVE  BILL   OF  1850, 

SIGNED     SEPTEMBEE     18,     1850. 

An  Act  to  amend,  and  supplementary  to  the  Act 
entitled  "An  Act  respecting  Fugitives  from 
Justice,  and  Persons  escaping  from  the  Service  of 
their  Masters"  approved  February  twelfth,  one 
thousand  seven  hundred  and  ninety-three. 

Be  it  enacted  ~by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives of  the  United  States  of  America  in 
Congress  assembled.  That  the  persons  who  have  been, 
or  may  hereafter  be,  appointed  commissioners,  in 


56  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

virtue  of  any  act  of  Congress,  by  the  Circuit  Courts 
.of  the  United  States,  and  who,  in  consequence  of  such 
appointment,  are  authorized  to  exercise  the  powers 
that  any  justice  of  the  peace,  or  other  magistrate  of 
any  of  the  United  States,  may  exercise  in  respect  to 
offenders  for  any  crime  or  offence  against  the  United 
States,  by  arresting,  imprisoning,  or  bailing  the 
same  under  and  by  virtue  of  the  thirty-third  section 
of  the  act  of  the  twenty-fourth  of  September,  seven- 
teen hundred  and  eighty-nine,  entitled  "  An  Act  to 
establish  the  judicial  courts  of  the  United  States," 
shall  be,  and  are  hereby,  authorized  and  required  to 
exercise  and  discharge  all  the  powers  and  duties 
conferred  by  this  act. 

And  be  it  further  enacted.  That  the  Superior 
Court  of  each  organized  Territory  of  the  United 
States  shall  have  the  same  power  to  appoint  commis- 
sioners to  take  acknowledgments  of  bail  and  affi- 
davits, and  to  take  depositions  of  witnesses  in  civil 
causes,  which  is  now  possessed  by  the  Circuit  Court 
of  the  United  States ;  and  all  commissioners  who 
shall  hereafter  be  appointed  for  such  purposes  by  the 
Supreme  Court  of  any  organized  Territory  of  the 
United  States,  shall  possess  all  the  powers,  and  exer- 
cise all  the  duties,  conferred  by  law  upon  the 
commissioners  appointed  by  the  Circuit  Courts  of 
the  United  States  for  similar  purposes,  and  shall 


THE   FUGITIVE    SLAVE   BILL   OF    1850.  57 

moreover  exercise  and  discharge  all  the  powers  and 
duties  conferred  by  this  act. 

And  ~be  it  further  enacted,  That  the  Circuit 
Courts  of  the  United  States,  and  the  Superior  Courts 
of  each  organized  Territory  of  the  United  States, 
shall  from  time  to  time  enlarge  the  number  of  com- 
missioners, with  a  view  to  afford  reasonable  facilities 
to  reclaim  fugitives  from  labor,  and  to  the  prompt 
discharge  of  the  duties  imposed  by  this  act. 

And  ~be  it  further  enacted,  That  the  commis- 
sioners above  named  shall  have  concurrent  jurisdic- 
tion with  the  judges  of  the  Circuit  and  District 
Courts  of  the  United  States,  in  their  respective 
circuits  and  districts  within  the  several  States,  and 
the  judges  of  the  Superior  Courts  of  the  Territories 
severally  and  collectively,  in  term  time  and  vaca- 
tion ;  and  shall  grant  certificates  to  such  claimants 
upon  satisfactory  proof  being  made,  with  authority 
to  take  and  remove  such  fugitives  from  service  or 
labor,  under  the  restrictions  herein  contained,  to  the 
State  or  Territory  from  which  such  persons  may 
have  escaped  or  fled. 

And  ~be  It  further  enacted,  That  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  all  marshals  and  deputy  marshals  to  obey 
and  execute  all  warrants  and  precepts  issued  under 
the  provisions  of  this  act,  when  to  them  directed ; 
and  should  any  marshal  or  deputy  marshal  refuse  to 
3* 


58  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

receive  such  warrant,  or  other  process,  when  tend- 
ered, or  to  use  all  proper  means  diligently  to 
execute  the  same,  he  shall,  on  conviction  thereof, 
be  fined  in  the  sum  of  one  thousand  dollars,  to  the 
use  of  such  claimant,  on  the  motion  of  such  claimant, 
by  the  Circuit  or  District  Court  for  the  district  of 
such  marshal ;  and  after  arrest  of  such  fugitive,  by 
such  marshal  or  his  deputy,  or  whilst  at  any  time  in 
his  custody,  under  the  provisions  of  this  act,  should 
such  fugitive  escape,  whether  with  or  without  the  as- 
sent of  such  marshal  or  his  deputy,  such  marshal  shall 
be  liable,  on  his  official  bond,  to  be  prosecuted  for 
the  benefit  of  such  claimant,  for  the  full  value  of  the 
service  or  labor  of  said  fugitive  in  the  State,  Terri- 
tory, or  district  whence  he  escaped  ;  and  the  better 
to  enable  said  commissioners,  when  thus  appointed, 
to  execute  their  duties  faithfully  and  efficiently,  in 
conformity  with  the  requirements  of  the  constitution 
of  the  United  States,  and  of  this  act,  they  are  hereby 
authorized  and  empowered,  within  their  counties 
respectively,  to  appoint,  in  writing  under  their 
hands,  any  one  or  more  suitable  persons,  from  time 
to  time,  to  execute  all  such  warrants  and  other  pro 
cess  as  may  be  issued  by  them  in  the  lawful 
performance  of  their  respective  duties ;  with 
authority  to  such  commissioners,  or  the  persons  to  be 
appointed  by  them,  to  execute  process  as  aforesaid, 


THE   FUGITIVE   SLAVE    BILL   OF    1850.  59 

to  summon  and  call  to  their  aid  the  bystanders,  or 
posse  comitatus  of  the  proper  county,  when  necessary 
to  insure  a  faithful  observance  of  the  clause  of  the 
constitution  referred  to,  in  conformity  with  the  pro 
visions  of  this  act ;  and  all  good  citizens  are  hereby 
commanded  to  aid  and  assist  in  the  prompt  and  effi- 
cient execution  of  this  law,  whenever  their  services 
may  be  required,  as  aforesaid,  for  that  purpose  ;  and 
said  warrants  shall  run,  and  be  executed  by  said 
officers,  any  where  in  the  State  within  which  they 
are  issued. 

And  l)e  it  further  enacted,  That  when  a  person 
held  to  service  or  labor  in  any  State  or  Territory  of 
the  United  States  has  heretofore  or  shall  hereafter 
escape  into  another  State  or  Territory  of  the  United 
States,  the  person  or  persons  to  whom  such  service 
or  labor  may  be  due,  or  his,  her,  or  their  agent  or 
attorney,  duly  authorized  by  power  of  attorney,  in 
writing  acknowledged  and  certified  under  the  seal  of 
some  legal  officer  or  court  of  the  State  or  Territory 
in  which  the  same  may  be  executed,  may  pursue  and 
reclaim  such  fugitive  person,  either  by  procuring  a 
warrant  from  some  one  of  the  courts,  judges,  or  com- 
missioners aforesaid,  of  the  proper  circuit,  district,  or 
county,  for  the  apprehension  of  such  fugitive  from 
service  or  labor,  or  by  seizing  and  arresting  such 
fugitive  where  the  same  can  be  done  without  pro- 


60  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

cess,  and  by  taking,  or  causing  such,  person  to  be 
taken  forthwith  before  such  court,  judge,  or  commis- 
sioner, whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  hear  and  determine 
the  case  of  such  claimant  in  a  summary  manner ; 
and  upon  satisfactory  proof  being  made,  by  deposi- 
tion or  affidavit,  in  writing,  to  be  taken  and  certified 
by  such  court,  judge,  or  commissioner,  or  by  other 
satisfactory  testimony,  duly  taken  and  certified  by 
some  court,  magistrate,  justice  of  the  peace,  or  other 
legal  officer  authorized  to  administer  an  oath  and 
take  depositions  under  the  laws  of  the  State  or  Terri- 
tory from  which  such  person  owing  service  or  labor 
may  have  escaped,  with  a  certificate  of  such  magis- 
tracy, or  other  authority  as  aforesaid,  with  the  seal 
of  the  proper  court  or  officer  thereto  attached,  which 
seal  shall  be  sufficient  to  establish  the  competency  of 
the  proof,  also  by  affidavit,  of  the  identity  of  the  per- 
son whose  service  or  labor  is  claimed  to  be  due  as 
aforesaid,  that  the  person  so  arrested  does  in  fact 
owe  service  or  labor  to  the  person  or  persons  claim- 
ing him  or  her,  in  the  State  or  Territory  from  which 
such  fugitive  may  have  escaped  as  aforesaid,  and 
that  said  person  escaped,  to  make  out  and  deliver  to 
such  claimant,  his  or  her  agent  or  attorney,  a  certifi- 
cate setting  forth  the  substantial  facts  as  to  the 
service  or  labor  due  from  such  fugitive  to  the  claim- 
ant, and  of  his  or  her  escape  from  the  State  or 


THE   FUGITIVE    SLAVE   BILL    OF    1850.  61 

Territory  in  which  such  service  or  labor  was  due  to 
the  State  or  Territory  in  which  he  or  she  was 
arrested,  with  authority  to  such  claimant,  or  his  or 
her  agent  or  attorney,  to  use  such  reasonable  force 
and  restraint  as  may  be  necessary,  under  the  circum- 
stances of  the  case,  to  take  and  remove  such  fugitive 
person  back  to  the  State  or  Territory  whence  he  or 
she  may  have  escaped  as  aforesaid.  In  no  trial  or 
hearing  under  this  act  shall  the  testimony  of  such 
alleged  fugitive  be  admitted  in  evidence ;  and  the 
certificates  in  this  and  the  first  (fourth)  section  men- 
tioned, shall  be  conclusive  of  the  right  of  the  person 
or  persons  in  whose  favor  granted,  to  remove  such 
fugitive  to  the  State  or  Territory  from  which  he 
escaped,  and  shall  prevent  all  molestation  of  such 
person  or  persons  by  any  process  issued  by  any  court, 
judge,  magistrate,  or  other  person  whomsoever. 

And  le  it  further  enacted,  That  any  person  who 
shall  knowingly  and  willingly  obstruct,  hinder,  or 
prevent  such  claimant,  his  agent  or  attorney,  or  any 
person  or  persons  lawfully  assisting  him,  her,  or 
them,  from  arresting  such  a  fugitive  from  service  or 
labor,  either  with  or  without  process  as  aforesaid,  or 
shall  rescue  or  attempt  to  rescue  such  fugitive  from 
service  or  labor  from  the  custody  of  such  claimant, 
his  or  her  agent  or  attorney,  or  other  person  or 
persons  lawfully  assisting  as  aforesaid,  when 


62  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

so  arrested  pursuant  to  the  authority  hereiii  given 
and  declared,  or  shall  aid,  abet,  or  assist  such  person 
so  owing  service  or  labor  as  aforesaid,  directly  or 
indirectly,  to  escape  from  such  claimant,  his  agent  or 
attorney,  or  other  person  or  persons  legally  author- 
ized as  aforesaid,  or  shall  harbor  or  conceal  such 
fugitive,  so  as  to  prevent  the  discovery  and  arrest  of 
such  person,  after  notice  or  knowledge  of  the  fact 
that  such  person  was  a  fugitive  from  service  or  labor 
as  aforesaid,  shall,  for  either  of  said  offences,  be 
subject  to  a  fine  not  exceeding  one  thousand  dollars, 
and  imprisonment  not  exceeding  six  months,  by 
indictment  and  conviction  before  the  District  Court 
of  the  United  States  for  the  district  in  which  such 
offence  may  have  been  committed,  or  before  the 
proper  court  of  criminal  jurisdiction,  if  committed 
within  any  one  of  the  organized  Territories  of  the 
United  States,  and  shall  moreover  forfeit  and  pay, 
byway  of  civil  damages  to  the  party  injured  by  such 
illegal  conduct,  the  sum  of  one  thousand  dollars  for 
each  fugitive  so  lost  as  aforesaid,  to  be  recovered  by 
action  of  debt  in  a*iy  of  the  district  or  territorial 
courts  aforesaid,  within  whose  jurisdiction  the  said 
offence  may  have  been  committed. 

And  ~be  it  further  enacted,  That  the  marshals, 
their  deputies,  and  the  clerks  of  the  said  district  and 
territorial  courts,  shall  be  paid  for  their  services  the 


THE   FUGITIVE    SLAVE   BILL    OF    1850.  63 

like  fees  as  may  be  allowed  to  them  for  similar 
services  in  other  cases  ;  and  where  such  services  are 
rendered  exclusively  in  the  arrest,  custody,  and 
delivery  of  the  fugitive  to  the  claimant,  his  or  her 
agent  or  attorney,  or  where  such  supposed  fugitive 
may  be  discharged  out  of  custody  for  the  want  of 
sufficient  proof  as  aforesaid,  then  such  fees  are  to  be 
paid  in  the  whole  by  such  claimant,  his  agent  or 
attorney  ;  and  in  all  cases  where  the  proceedings  are 
before  a  commissioner,  he  shall  be  entitled  to  a  fee 
of  ten  dollars  in  full  for  his  services  in  each  case, 
upon  the  delivery  of  the  said  certificate  to  the  claim- 
ant, his  or  her  agent  or  attorney ;  or  a  fee  of  five 
dollars  in  cases  where  the  proof  shall  not,  in  the 
opinion  of  such  commissioner,  warrant  such  certifi- 
cate and  delivery,  inclusive  of  all  services  incident  to 
such  arrest  or  examination,  to  be  paid  in  either  case 
by  the  claimant,  his  or  her  agent  or  attorney.  The 
person  or  persons  authorized  to  execute  the  process 
to  be  issued  by  such  commissioner  for  the  arrest  and 
detention  of  fugitives  from  service  or  labor  as  afore- 
said, shall  also  be  entitled  to  a  fee  of  five  dollars 
ea.ch,  for  each  person  he  or  they  may  arrest  and  take 
"before  any  such  commissioner,  as  aforesaid,  at  the 
instance  and  request  of  such  claimant,  with  such 
other  fees  as  may  be  deemed  reasonable  by  such 
commissioners  for  such  other  additional  services  as 


64  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

may  be  necessarily  performed  by  him  or  them  ;  such 
as  attending  at  the  examination,  keeping  the  fugi- 
tive in  custody,  and  providing  him  with  food  and 
lodging  during  his  detention  and  until  the  final 
determination  of  such  commissioner;  and,  in  general, 
for  performing  such  other  duties  as  may  be  required 
by  such  claimant,  his  or  her  attorney  or  agent,  or 
commissioner  in  the  premises.  Such  fees  to  be 
made  up  in  conformity  with  the  fees  usually  charged 
by  the  officers  of  the  courts  of  juctice  within  the 
proper  district  or  county,  as  near  as  may  be  practica- 
ble, and  paid  by  such  claimants,  their  agents  or 
attorneys,  whether  such  supposed  fugitives  from 
service  or  labor  be  ordered  to  be  delivered  to  such 
claimants  by  the  final  determination  of  such  commis 
sioner  or  not. 

And  ~be  it  further  enacted,  That,  upon  affidavit 
made  by  the  claimant  of  such  fugitive,  his  agent  01 
attorney,  after  such  certificate  has  been  issued  that 
he  has  reason  to  apprehend  that  such  fugitive  will  be 
rescued  by  force  from  his  or  her  possession  before  he 
can  be  taken  beyond  the  limits  of  the  State  in  which 
the  arrest  is  made,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  officer 
making  the  arrest  to  retain  such  fugitive  in  his  cus- 
tody, and  to  remove  him  to  the  State  whence  he 
fled,  and  there  deliver  him  to  said  claimant,  his 
agent  or  attorney.  And  to  this  end,  the  officer 


THE   FUGITIVE    SLAVE   BILL   OF    1850.  65 

aforesaid  is  hereby  authorized  and  required  to  employ 
so  many  persons  as  he  may  deem  necessary  to  overcome 
such  force,  and  to  retain  them  in  his  service  so  long 
as  circumstances  may  require.  The  said  officer  and 
his  assistants  while  so  employed  to  receive  the  com- 
pensation, and  to  be  allowed  the  same  expenses,  as 
are  now  allowed  by  law  for  transportation  of  crimi- 
nals, to  be  certified  by  the  judge  of  the  district 
within  which  the  arrest  is  made,  and  paid  out  of  the 
Treasury  of  the  United  States. 

And  l)e  it  further  enacted^  That  when  any  per- 
son held  to  service  or  labor  in  any  State  or  Terri- 
tory, or  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  shall  escape 
therefrom,  the  party  to  whom  such  service  or  labor 
may  be  due,  his,  her,  or  their  agent  or  attorney,  may 
apply  to  any  court  of  record  therein,  or  judge 
thereof  in  vacation,  and  make  satisfactory  proof  to 
such  court,  or  judge  in  vacation,  of  the  escape  afore- 
said, and  that  the  person-  escaping  owed  service  or 
labor  to  such  party.  "Whereupon  the  court  shall 
cause  a  record  to  be  made  of  the  matters  so  proved, 
and  also  a  general  description  of  the  person  so  escap- 
ing with  .such  convenient  certainty  as  may  be  ;  and 
a  transcript  of  such  record,  authenticated  by  the 
attestation  of  the  clerk  and  of  the  seal  of  the  said 
court,  being  produced  in  any  other  State,  Territory, 
or  district  in  which  the  person  so  escaping  may  be 


66  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

found,  and  being  exhibited  to  any  judge,  commis- 
sioner, or  other  officer  authorized  by  the  law  of  the 
United  States  to  cause  persons  escaping  from  service 
or  labor  to  be  delivered  up,  shall  be  held  and  taken 
to  be  full  and  conclusive  evidence  of  the  fact  of  the 
escape,  and  that  the  service  or  labor  of  the  person 
escaping  is  due  to  the  party  in  such  record  men- 
tioned. And  upon  the  production  by  the  said  party 
of  other  and  further  evidence  if  necessary,  either 
oral  or  by  affidavit,  in  addition  to  what  is  contained 
in  the  said  record  of  the  identity  of  the  person  escap- 
ing, he  or  she  shall  be  delivered  up  to  the  claimant. 
And  the  said  court,  commissioner,  judge,  or  other 
person  authorized  by  this  act  to  grant  certificates  to 
claimants  of  fugitives,  shall,  upon  the  production  of 
the  record  and  other  evidences  aforesaid,  grant  to 
such  claimant  a  certificate  of  his  right  to  take  any 
such  person  identified  and  proved  to  be  owing 
service  or  labor  as  aforesaid,  which  shall  authorize 
such  claimant  to  seize  or  arrest  and  transport  such 
person  to  the  State  or  Territory  from  which  he 
escaped.  Provided,  That  nothing  herein  ^contained 
shall  be  construed  as  requiring  the  production  of  a 
transcript  of  such  record  as  evidence  as  aforesaid. 
But  in  its  absence  the  claim  shall  be  heard  and 
determined  upon  other  satisfactory  proofs,  competent 
in  law. 


THE  MISSOURI   COMPROMISE.  67" 


THE    MISSOURI   COMPEOMISE. 

ADOPTED   MAEOH    6,    1820. 

An  Act  to  authorize  the  People  of  the  Missouri 
Territory  to  form  a  Constitution  and  State  Gov- 
ernment, and  for  the  Admission  of  such  State  into 
the  Union  on  an  equal  Footing  with  the  original 
States,  and  to  prohibit  Slavery  in  certain  Terri- 
tories. 

(All  the  previous  sections  of  this  act  relate  entirely  to  the 
formation  of  the  Missouri  Territory  in  the  usual  form  of  territo- 
rial bills,  the  8th  section  only  relating  to  the  slavery  question.) 

And  "be  it  further  enacted,  That  in  all  that 
Territory  ceded  by  France  to  the  United  States, 
under  the  name  of  Louisiana,  which  lies  north  of 
thirty-six  degrees  and  thirty  minutes  north  latitude, 
not  included  within  the  limits  of  the  State  contem- 
plated by  their  act,  slavery  and  involuntary  servi- 
tude, otherwise  than  in  the  punishment  of  crimes, 
whereof  the  parties  shall  have  been  duly  convicted, 


68  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

shall  be,  and  is  hereby,  forever  prohibited.  Pro- 
vided always,  That  any  person  escaping  into  the 
same,  from  whom  labor  or  service  is  lawfully 
claimed,  in  any  State  or  Territory  of  the  United 
States,  such  fugitive  may  be  lawfully  reclaimed  and 
conveyed  to  the  person  claiming  his  or  her  labor  or 
service  as  aforesaid. 


BATTLES  OF  THE  REVOLUTION.  09 


BATTLES   OF  THE  EEVOLTJTION. 

THE  following  statistics  show  the  losses  of  life  in 
the  various  battles  of  the  American  Revolution,  also 
the  dates  of  the  several  battles  : 

British  American 

Loss.  Loss. 

Lexington,  April  15,  1775 273  84 

Bunker  Hill,  June  17,  1775 1054  456 

Flatbush,  August  12,  1776 400  200 

White  Plains,  August  26,  1776 400  400 

Trenton,  December  25,  1776 1000  9 

Princeton,  January  5,  1777 400  100 

Hubbardstown,  August  17,  1777 800  800 

Bennington,  August  16,  1777 800  100 

Brandywine,  September  11,  1777 500  1100 

Stillwater,  September  17,  1777 600  350 

Germantown,  October  5, 1777 600  1250 

Saratoga,  October  17,  1777* 5752 

Red  Hook,  October  22,  1777 500  32 

Monmouth,  June  25,  1778 400  130 

Rhode  Island,  August  27,  1778 260  214 

Briar  Creek,  March  30,  1779 13  400 

Stony  Point,  July  15,  1779 600  100 

Camden,  August  16,  1779 375  610 

King's  Mountain,  October  1,  1780 950  66 

Cowpens,  January  17,  1781 800  72 

Guilford  C.  H.,  March  15,  1781 532  400 

Hobldrk's  Hill,  April  25,  1781 400  460 

Eutaw  Springs,  September,  1781 1000  550 

Yorktown,  October,  1781* 7072  

Total 25,481  7913 

*  Surrendered. 


70  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


INAUGUEAL    ADDEESS    OF   GEOEGE 
WASHINGTON, 


FIEST    PBESIDENT    OF    THE     UNITED     STATES,     DELIVEEED     APBIL 

30,  1789. 


FELLOW-CITIZENS  OF  THE  SENATE  AND  HOUSE  OF 
REPRESENTATIVES — Among  the  vicissitudes  incident 
to  life,  no  event  could  have  filled  me  with  greater 
anxieties  than  that  of  which  the  notification  was 
transmitted  by  your  order,  and  received  on  the  four- 
teenth day  of  the  present  month.  On  the  one  hand 
I  was  summoned  by  my  country,  whose  voice  I  can 
never  hear  but  with  veneration  and  love,  from  a 
retreat  which  I  had  chosen  with  the  fondest  predi- 
lection, and  in  my  flattering  hopes  with  an  immuta- 
ble decision  as  the  asylum  of  my  declining  years  ;  a 
retreat  which  was  rendered  every  day  more  necessary 
as  well  as  more  dear  to  me,  by  the  addition  of  habit 
to  inclination,  and  of  frequent  interruptions  in  my 
health  to  the  gradual  waste  committed  on  it  by  time. 


INAUGURAL  ADDRESS  OF  GEORGE  WASHINGTON.  71 

On  the  other  hand,  the  magnitude  and  difficulty  of 
the  trust  to  which  the  voice  of  my  country  called  me 
being  sufficient  to  awaken  in  the  wisest  and  most 
experienced  of  her  citizens  a  distrustful  scrutiny  into 
his  qualifications,  could  not  but  overwhelm  with  de- 
spondence one  who,  inheriting  inferior  endowments 
from  nature,  and  unpracticed  in  the  duties  of  civil 
administration,  ought  to  be  peculiarly  conscious  of 
his  own  deficiencies.  In  this  conflict  of  emotions,  all 
I  dare  aver  is,  that  it  has  been  my  faithful  study  to 
collect  my  duty  from  a  just  appreciation  of  every 
circumstance  by  which  it  might  be  affected.  All  I 
dare  hope  is,  that  if,  in  executing  this  task,  I  have 
been  too  much  swayed  by  a  grateful  remembrance 
of  former  instances,  or  by  any  affectionate  sensibility 
to  this  transcendent  proof  of  the  confidence  of  my 
fellow-citizens,  and  have  thence  too  little  consulted 
my  incapacity  as  well  as  disinclination,  for  the 
weighty  and  untried  cares  before  me,  my  error  will 
be  palliated  by  the  motives  which  misled  me,  and  its 
consequences  be  judged  by  my  country  with  some 
share  of  the  partiality  with  which  they  originated. 

Such  being  the  impressions  under  which  I  have, 
in  obedience  to  the  public  summons,  repaired  to  the 
present  station,  it  would  be  peculiarly  improper  to 
omit  in  this  first  official  act,  my  fervent  supplica- 
tions to  that  Almighty  Being  who  rules  over  the 


72  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

universe,  who  presides  in  the  councils  of  nations,  and 
whose  providential  aids  can  supply  every  human 
defect  that  his  benediction  may  consecrate  to  the 
liberties  and  happiness  of  the  people  of  the  United 
States,  a  government  instituted  by  themselves  for 
these  essential  purposes,  and  may  enable  every  in- 
strument employed  in  its  administration  to  execute 
with  success  the  functions  allotted  to  his  charge.  In 
tendering  this  homage  to  the  great  author  of  every 
public  and  private  good,  I  assure  myself  that  it  ex- 
presses your  sentiments,  not  less  than  my  own,  nor 
those  of  my  fellow-citizens  at  large  less  than  either. 
~No  people  can  be  bound  to  acknowledge  and  adore 
the  invisible  hand  which  conducts  the  affairs  of  men 
more  than  the  people  of  the  United  States.  Every 
step  by  which  they  have  advanced  to  the  character 
of  an  independent  nation  seems  to  have  been  distin- 
guished by  some  token  of  providential  agency,  and 
in  the  important  revolution  just  accomplished  in  the 
system  of  their  united  government  the  tranquil  de- 
liberations and  voluntary  consent  of  so  many  distinct 
communities  from  which  the  event  has  resulted  can- 
not be  compared  with  the  means  by  which  most  gov- 
ernments have  been  established  without  some  return 
of  pious  gratitude  along  with  a  humble  anticipation 
of  the  future  blessings  which  the  past  seem  to  presage. 
These  reflections  arising  out  of  the  present  crisis 


INAUGUEAL  ADDKESS  OF  GEOKGE  WASHINGTON.  73 

have  forced  themselves  too  strongly  on  my  mind  to 
be  suppressed.  You  will  join  with  me,  I  trust,  in 
thinking  that  there  are  none  under  the  influence  of 
which  the  proceedings  of  a  new  and  free  government 
can  more  auspiciously  commence. 

By  the  article  establishing  the  executive  depart- 
ment it  is  made  the  duty  of  the  President  "  to  re- 
commend to  your  consideration  such  measures  as  he 
shall  judge  necessary  and  expedient."  The  circum- 
stances under  which  I  now  meet  you  will  acquit  me 
from  entering  into  that  subject  farther  than  to  refer 
to  the  great  constitutional  charter  under  which  you 
are  assembled,  and  which  in  defining  your  powers 
designates  the  objects  to  which  your  attention  is  to 
be  given.  It  will  be  more  consistent  with  those  cir- 
cumstances, and  far  more  congenial  with  the  feelings 
which  actuate  me  to  substitute  in  place  of  a  recom- 
mendation of  particular  measures,  the  tribute  that 
is  due  to  the  talents,  the  rectitude,  and  the  patriot- 
ism which  adorn  the  characters  selected  to  devise 
and  adopt  them.  In  these  honorable  qualifications,  I 
behold  the  surest  pledges  that  as  on  one  side  no  local 
prejudices  or  attachments,  no  separate  views,  no 
party  animosities  will  misdirect  the  comprehensive 
and  equal  eye  which  ought  to  watch  over  this 
great  assemblage  of  communities  and  interests,  so  on 
another,  that  the  foundations  of  our  national  policy 


4  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

will  be  laid  in  the  pure  and  immutable  principles  of 
private  morality,  and  the  pre-eminence  of  free  gov- 
ernment be  exemplified  by  all  the  attributes  which 
can  win  the  affections  of  its  citizens  and  command 
the  respect  of  the  world.  I  dwell  on  this  prospect 
with  every  satisfaction  which  an  ardent  love  for  my 
country  can  inspire,  since  there  is  no  truth  more  thor- 
oughly established  than  that  there  exists  in  the  econ- 
omy and  course  of  nature,  an  indissoluble  union  be- 
tween virtue  and  happiness,  between  duty  and 
advantage,  between  the  genuine  maxims  of  an  honest 
and  magnanimous  policy  and  the  solid  rewards  of 
the  public  prosperity  and  felicity.  Since  we  ought 
to  be  no  less  persuaded  that  the  propitious  smiles  of 
heaven  can  never  be  expected  on  a  nation  that  dis- 
regards the  eternal  rules  of  order  and  right  which 
heaven  itself  has  ordained,  and  since  the  preserva- 
tion of  the  sacred  fire  of  Liberty,  and  the  destiny  of 
the  republican  model  of  government  are  justly  con- 
sidered as  deeply,  perhaps  as  finally  staked  on  the 
experiment  entrusted  to  the  hands  of  the  American 
people.  Besides  the  ordinary  objects  submitted  to 
your  care,  it  will  remain  with  your  judgment  to 
decide  how  far  an  exercise  of  the  occasional  power 
delegated  by  the  fifth  article  of  the  Constitution  is  ren- 
dered expedient  at  the  present  juncture  by  the  nature 
of  the  objections  which  have  been  urged  against 


INAUGURAL   ADDRESS   OF   GEORGE   WASHINGTON.     75 

the  system,  or  by  the  degree  of  inquietude  which  has 
given  birth  to  them.  Instead  of  undertaking  partic- 
ular recommendations  on  this  subject  in  which  1 
could  be  guided  by  no  lights  derived  from  official 
opportunities,  I  shall  again  give  way  to  my  entire 
confidence  in  your  discernment  aud  pursuit  of  the 
public  good,  for  I  assure  myself  that  while  you  care- 
fully avoid  every  alteration  which  might  endanger 
the  benefits  of  an  united  and  effective  government, 
or  which  ought  to  await  the  future  lessons  of  experi- 
ence, a  reverence  for  the  characteristic  rights  of 
freemen,  and  a  regard  for  the  public  harmony  will 
sufficiently  influence  your  deliberations  on  the  ques- 
tion, how  far  the  former  can  be  more  impregnably 
fortified,  or  the  latter  be  safely  and  advantageously 
promoted. 

To  the  preceding  observations  I  have  one  to  add, 
which  will  be  most  properly  addressed  to  the  House 
of  Representatives.  It  concerns  myself,  and  will, 
therefore,  be  as  brief  as  possible.  When  I  was  first 
honored  with  a  call  into  the  service  of  my  country, 
then  on  the  eve  of  an  arduous  struggle  for  its  liber- 
ties, the  light  in  which  I  comtemplated  my  duty 
required  that  I  should  renounce  every  pecuniary 
compensation.  From  this  resolution  I  have  in  no 
instance  departed,  and  being  still  under  the  impres- 
sions which  produced  it,  I  must  decline  as  inapplica- 


76  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

ble  to  myself  any  share  in  the  personal  emoluments 
which  may  be  indispensably  included  in  a  perma- 
nent provision  for  the  executive  department,  and 
must  accordingly  pray  that  the  pecuniary  estimates 
for  the  station  in  which  I  am  placed,  may,  during 
my  continuance  in  it,  be  limited  to  such  actual  ex- 
penditures as  the  public  good  may  be  thought  to 
require. 

Having  thus  imparted  to  you  my  sentiments,  as 
as  they  have  been  awakened  by  the  occasion  which 
brings  us  together,  I  shall  take  my  present  leave, 
but  not  without  resorting  once  more  to  the  benign 
parent  of  the  human  race  in  humble  supplication, 
that  since  he  has  been  pleased  to  favor  the  American 
people  with  opportunities  for  deliberating  in  perfect 
tranquillity,  and  dispositions  for  deciding  with  un- 
paralleled unanimity  on  a  form  of  government  for 
the  security  of  their  union  and  the  advancement  of 
their  happiness,  so  His  divine  blessing  may  be 
equally  conspicuous  in  the  enlarged  views,  the  tem- 
perate consultations,  and  the  wise  measures  on  which 
the  success  of  this  government  must  depend. 


WASHINGTON^   FAREWELL  ADDRESS.  77 


WASHINGTON'S  FAEEWELL  ADDBESS. 


FRIENDS  AND  FELLOW-CITIZENS — The  period  for  a 
new  election  of  a  citizen  to  administer  the  executive 
government  of  the  United  States  not  being  far  dis- 
tant, and  the  time  actually  arrived  when  your 
thoughts  must  be  employed  in  designating  the  person 
who  is  to  be  clothed  with  that  important  trust,  it 
appears  to  me  proper,  especially  as  it  may  conduce 
to  a  more  distinct  expression  of  the  public  voice,  that 
I  should  now  apprise  you  of  the  resolution  I  have 
formed,  to  decline  being  considered  among  the  num- 
ber of  those  out  of  whom  a  choice  is  to  be  made. 

I  beg  you,  at  the  same  time,  to  do  me  the  justice 
to  be  assured  that  this  resolution  has  not  been  taken 
without  a  strict  regard  to  all  the  considerations  ap- 
pertaining to  the  relation  which  binds  a  dutiful  citi- 
zen to  his  country;  and  that,  in  withdrawing  the 
tender  of  service  which  silence,  in  my  situation, 


78  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

might  imply,  I  am  influenced  by  no  diminution  of 
zeal  for  your  future  interest,  no  deficiency  of  grateful 
respect  for  your  past  kindness,  but  am  supported  by 
a  full  conviction  that  the  step  is  compatible  with 
both. 

The  acceptance  of,  and  continuance  hitherto  in, 
the  office  to  which  your  suffrages  have  twice  called 
me,  have  been  a  uniform  sacrifice  of  inclination  to  the 
opinion  of  duty,  and  to  a  deference  for  what  appeared 
to  be  your  desire.  I  constantly  hoped  that  it  would 
have  been  much  earlier  in  my  power,  consistently 
with  motives  which  I  was  not  at  liberty  to  disregard, 
to  return  to  that  retirement  from  which  I  had  been 
reluctantly  drawn.  The  strength  of  my  inclination 
to  do  this,  previous  to  the  last  election,  had  been  led 
to  the  preparation  of  an  address  to  declare  it  to  you ; 
but  mature  reflection  on  the  then  perplexed  and 
critical  posture  of  our  affairs  with  foreign  nations, 
and  the  unanimous  advice  of  persons  entitled  to  my 
confidence,  impelled  me  to  abandon  the  idea. 

I  rejoice  that  the  state  of  your  concerns,  external 
as  well  as  internal,  no  longer  renders  the  pursuit  of 
inclination  incompatible  with  the  sentiment  of  duty 
or  propriety ;  and  am  persuaded,  whatever  partiality 
may  be  retained  for  my  services,  that,  in  the  present 
circumstances  of  our  country,  you  will  not  disapprove 
my  determination  to  retire. 


79 


The  impressions  with  which  I  first  undertook  the 
arduous  trust  were  explained  on  the  proper  occasion. 
In  the  discharge  of  this  trust,  I  will  only  say,  that  I 
have  with  good  intentions  contributed  toward  the 
organization  and  administration  of  the  government 
the  best  exertions  of  which  a  very  fallible  judgment 
was  capable.  Not  unconscious  in  the  outset  of  the 
inferiority  of  my  qualifications,  experience,  in  my 
own  eyes — perhaps  still  more  in  the  eyes  of  others — 
has  strengthened  the  motives  to  diffidence  of  myself; 
and  every  day  the  increasing  weight  of  years  admon- 
ishes me,  more  and  more,  that  the  shade  of  retire- 
ment is  as  necessary  to  me  as  it  will  be  welcome. 
Satisfied  that,  if  any  circumstances  have  given  pecu- 
liar value  to  my  services,  they  were  temporary,  I  have 
the  consolation  to  believe  that,  while  choice  and  pru- 
dence invite  me  to  quit  the  political  scene,  patriotism 
does  not  forbid  it. 

In  looking  forward  to  the  moment  which  is  in- 
tended to  terminate  the  career  of  my  public  life,  my 
feelings  do  not  permit  me  to  suspend  the  deep  ac- 
knowledgment of  that  debt  of  gratitude  which  I  owe 
to  my  beloved  country  for  the  many  honors  it  has 
conferred  upon  me ;  still  more  for  the  steadfast  confi- 
dence with  which  it  has  supported  me,  and  for  the 
opportunities  I  have  thence  enjoyed  of  manifesting 
my  inviolable  attachment,  by  services  faithful  and 


80  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

persevering,  though  in  usefulness  unequal  to  ray  zeal. 
If  benefits  have  resulted  to  our  country  from  these 
services,  let  it  always  be  remembered  to  your  praise, 
and  as  an  instructive  example  in  our  annals,  that, 
under  circumstances  in  which  the  passions,  agitated  in 
every  direction,  were  liable  to  mislead ;  amid  appear- 
ances sometimes  dubious,  vicissitudes  of  fortune  often 
discouraging;  in  situations  in  which,  not  unfre- 
quently,  want  of  success  has  countenanced  the  spirit 
of  criticism — the  constancy  of  your  support  was  the 
essential  prop  of  the  efforts,  and  a  guarantee  of  the 
plans  by  which  they  were  effected.  Profoundly  pen- 
etrated with  1^is  idea,  I  shall  carry  it  with  me  to  my 
grave,  as  a  strong  incitement  to  unceasing  vows  that 
Heaven  may  continue  to  you  the  choicest  tokens  of 
its  beneficence ;  that  your  union  and  brotherly  affec- 
tion may  be  perpetual;  that  the  free  constitution, 
which  is  the  work  of  your  hands,  may  be  sacredly 
maintained;  that  its  administration,  in  every  depart- 
ment, may  be  stamped  with  wisdom  and  virtue; 
that,  in  fine,  the  happiness  of  the  people  of  these 
States,  under  the  auspices  of  liberty,  may  be  made 
.complete,  by  so  careful  a  preservation  and  so  prudent 
a  use  of  this  blessing  as  will  acquire  to  them  the 
glor}T  of  recommending  it  to  the  applause,  the  affec- 
tion, and  the  adoption  of  every  nation  which  is  yet 
a  stranger  to  it. 


WASHINGTON'S  FAREWELL  ADDBESS.  81 

Here,  perhaps,  I  ought  to  stop ;  but  a  solicitude 
for  your  welfare,  which  can  not  end  but  with  my 
life,  and  the  apprehension  of  danger  natural  to 
that  solicitude,  urge  me,  on  an  occasion  like  the 
present  to  offer  to  your  solemn  contemplation,  and  to 
recommend  to  your  frequent  review,  some  sentiments, 
which  are  the  result  of  much  reflection,  of  no  incon- 
siderable observation,  and  which  appear  to  me  all- 
important  to  the  permanency  of  your  felicity  as  a 
people.  These  will  be  afforded  to  you  with  the 
more  freedom,  as  yon  can  only  see  them  in  the  disin- 
terested warnings  of  a  parting  friend,  who  can  possi- 
bly have  no  personal  motive  to  bias  his  counsel ;  nor 
can  I  forget,  as  an  encouragement  to  it,  your  indul- 
gent reception  of  my  sentiments  on  a  former  and  not 
dissimilar  occasion. 

Interwoven  as  is  the  love  of  liberty  with  every 
ligament  of  your  hearts,  no  recommendation  of  mine 
is  necessary  to  fortify  or  confirm  the  attachment. 

The  unity  of  government,  which  constitutes  you 
one  people,  is  also  now  dear  to  you.  It  is  justly  so  ; 
for  it  is  a  main  pillar  in  the  edifice  of  your  real  inde- 
pendence, the  support  of  your  tranquillity  at  home, 
your  peace  abroad,  of  your  safety,  of  your  prosperity, 
of  that  very  liberty  which  you  so  highly  prize.  But 
as  it  is  easy  to  forsce  that  from  different  causes  and 
from  different  quarters  much  pains  will  be  taken, 


82  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

many  artifices  employed,  to  weaken  in  your  in  in  da 
the  conviction  of  this  truth — as  this  is  the  point  in 
your  political  fortress  against  which  the  batteries  of 
internal  and  external  enemies  will  be  most  constantly 
and  actively  (though  often  covertly  and  insidiously) 
directed — it  is  of  infinite  moment  that  you  should 
properly  estimate  the  immense  value  of  your  national 
union  to  your  collective  and  individual  happiness ; 
that  you  should  cherish  a  cordial,  habitual,  and  im- 
movable attachment  to  it,  accustoming  yourselves  to 
think  and  speak  of  it  as  of  the  palladium  of  your 
political  safety  and  prosperity;  watching  for  its 
preservation  with  jealous  anxiety ;  discountenancing 
whatever  may  suggest  even  a  suspicion  that  it  can, 
in  any  event,  be  abandoned ;  and  indignantly  frown- 
ing upon  the  first  dawning  of  every  attempt  to 
alienate  any  portion  of  our  country  from  the  rest,  or 
to  enfeeble  the  sacred  ties  which  now  link  together 
the  various  parts. 

For  this  you  have  every  inducement  of  sympathy 
and  interest.  Citizens,  by  birth  or  choice  of  a  com- 
mon country,  that  country  has  a  right  to  concentrate 
your  affections.  The  name  of  American,  which  be- 
longs to  you  in  your  national  capacity,  must  alwnyal 
exalt  the  just  pride  of  patriotism  more  than  any 
appellation  derived  from  local  discriminations.  With 
slight  shades  of  difference,  you  have  the  same 


83 


religion,  manners,  habits,  and  political  principles. 
You  have,  in  a  common  cause,  fought  and  tri- 
umphed together ;  the  independence  and  liberty 
you  possess  are  the  work  of  joint  counsels  and 
joint  efforts,  of  common  dangers,  sufferings,  and 
successes. 

But  these  considerations,  however  powerfully 
they  address  themselves  to  your  sensibility,  are 
greatly  outweighed  by  those  which  apply  more 
immediately  to  your  interest ;  here  every  portion  of 
our  country  finds  the  most  commanding  motives  for 
carefully  guarding  and  preserving  the  union  of  the 
whole. 

The  North,  in  an  unrestrained  intercourse  with 
the  South,  protected  by  the  equal  laws  of  a  common 
government,  finds,  in  the  productions  of  the  latter, 
great  additional  resources  of  maritime  and  commer- 
cial enterprise,  and  precious  materials  of  manufactur- 
ing industry.  The  South,  in  the  same  intercourse, 
benefiting  by  the  agency  of  the  North,  sees  its 
agriculture  grow  and  its  commerce  expand.  Turning 
partly  into  its  own  channels  the  seamen  of  the 
North,  it  finds  its  particular  navigation  invigorated  ; 
and  while  it  contributes,  in  different  ways,  to  nourish 
and  increase  the  general  mass  of  the  national  naviga- 
tion, it  looks  forward  to  the  protection  of  a  maritime 
strength  to  which  itself  is  unequally  adapted.  The 


84  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

East,  in  like  intercourse  with  the  West,  already 
finds,  and,  in  the  progressive  improvement  of  inte- 
rior communication,  by  land  and  water,  will  more 
and  more  find,  a  valuable  vent  for  the  commodities 
which  it  brings  from  abroad  or  manufactures  at 
home.  The  West  derives  from  the  East  supplies 
requisite  for  its  growth  and  comfort,  and,  what  is 
perhaps  of  still  greater  consequence,  it  must,  of 
necessity,  owe  the  secure  enjoyment  of  indispensable 
outlets  for  its  own  productions  to  the  weight,  influ- 
ence, and  the  future  maritime  strength  of  the  Atlantic 
side  of  the  Union,  directed  by  an  indissoluble  com- 
munity of  interest  as  one  nation.  Any  other  tenure 
by  which  the  West  can  hold  this  -  essential  advan- 
tage, whether  derived  from  its  own  separate  strength 
or  from  an  apostate  and  unnatural  connection  with 
any  foreign  power,  must  be  intrinsically  precarious. 

While,  then,  every  part  of  our  country  thus  feels 
an  immediate  and  particular  interest  in  union,  all 
the  parts  combined  can  not  fail  to  find,  in  the  united 
mass  of  means  and  efforts,  greater  strength,  greater 
resource,  proportionably  greater  security  from  exter- 
nal danger,  a  less  frequent  interruption  of  their 
peace  by  foreign  nations,  and,  what  is  of  inestimable 
value,  they  must  derive  from  union  an  exemption 
from  those  broils  and  wars  between  themselves, 
which  so  frequently  afflict  neighboring  countries,  not 


WASHINGTON'S  FAREWELL  ADDRESS.  85 

tied  together  by  the  same  government,  which  thoir 
own  rivalships  alone  would  be  sufficient  to  produce, 
but  which  opposite  foreign  alliances,  attachments, 
and  intrigues  would  stimulate  and  embitter.  Hence, 
likewise,  they  will  avoid  the  necessity  of  those  over- 
grown military  establishments,  which,  under  any 
form  of  government,  are  inauspicious  to  liberty,  and 
which  are  to  be  regarded  as  particularly  hostile  to 
republican  liberty ;  in  this  sense  it  is  that  your  union 
ought  to  be  considered  as  the  main  prop  of  your  lib- 
erty, and  that  the  love  of  the  one  ought  to  endear  to 
you  the  preservation  of  the  other. 

These  considerations  speak  a  persuasive  language 
to  every  reflecting  and  virtuous  mind,  and  exhibit  a 
continuance  of  the  Union  as  a  primary  object  of 
patriotic  desire.  Is  there  a  doubt  whether  a  common 
government  can  embrace  so  large  a  sphere?  Let 
experience  solve  it.  To  listen  to  mere  speculation, 
in  such  a  case,  were  criminal.  We  are  authorized  to 
hope  that  a  proper  organization  of  the  whole,  with 
the  auxiliary  agency  of  governments  for  the  respec- 
tive subdivisions,  will  afford  a  happy  issue  to  the 
experiment.  It  is  well  worth  a  full  and  fair  experi- 
ment. "With  such  powerful  and  obvious  motives  to 
union,  affecting  all  parts  of  our  country,  while  expe- 
rience shall  not  have  demonstrated  its  impractica- 
bility, there  will  always  be  reason  to  distrust  the 


86  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

patriotism  of  those  who,  in  any  quarter,  may  endeavor  • 
to  weaken  its  bands. 

In  contemplating  the  causes  which  may  disturb 
our  Union,  it  cccurs,  as  a  matter  of  serious  concern, 
that  any  ground  should  have  been  furnished  for  char- 
acterizing parties  by  geographical  discriminations — 
Northern  and  Southern,  Atlantic  and  Western — 
whence  designing  men  may  endeavor  to  excite  a 
belief  that  there  is  real  difference  of  local  interests 
and  views.  One  of  the  expedients  of  party  to  acquire 
influence  within  particular  districts  is  to  misrepresent 
the  opinions  and  aims  of  other  districts.  You  can 
not  shield  yourselves  too  much  against  the  jealousies 
and  heart-burnings  which  spring  from  these  misrep- 
resentations ;  they  tend  to  render  alien  to  each  other 
those  who  ought  to  be  bound  together  by  fraternal 
affection.  The  inhabitants  of  our  Western  country 
have  lately  had  a  useful  lesson  on  this  head ;  they 
have  seen  in  the  negotiation  by  the  Executive,  and 
in  the  unanimous  ratification  by  the  Senate,  of  the 
treaty  with  Spain,  and  in  the  universal  satisfaction 
at  that  event  throughout  the  United  States,  a  decisive 
proof  how  unfounded  were  the  suspicions  propagated 
among  them,  of  a  policy  in  the  general  government, 
and  in  the  Atlantic  States,  unfriendly  to  their  inter- 
ests in  regard  to  the  Mississippi ;  they  have  been  wit- 
nesses to  the  formation  of  two  treaties — that  with 


87 


Great  Britain  and  that  with  Spain — which  secure  to 
them  everything  they  could  desire  in  respect  to  our 
foreign  relations,  toward  confirming  their  prosperity. 
Will  it  not  be  their  wisdom  to  rely  for  the  preserva- 
tion of  these  advantages  on  the  Union  by  which  they 
were  procured  ?  Will  they  not  henceforth  be  deaf 
to  those  advisers,  if  such  there  are,  who  would  sever 
them  from  their  brethren  and  connect  them  with 
aliens  ? 

To  the  efficacy  and  permanency  of  your  Union,  a 
government  for  the  whole  is  indispensable.  'No  alli- 
ance, however  strict,  between  the  parts,  can  be  an 
adequate  substitute  ;  they  must  inevitably  experience 
the  infractions  and  interruptions  which  all  alliances, 
in  all  time,  have  experienced.  Sensible  of  this  mo- 
mentous truth,  you  have  improved  upon  your  first 
essay,  by  the  adoption  of  a  constitution  of  govern- 
ment better  calculated  than  your  former  for  an  inti- 
mate Union,  and  for  the  efficacious  management  of 
your  common  concerns.  This  government,  the  off- 
spring of  your  own  choice,  uninfluenced  and  unawed, 
adopted  upon  full  investigation  and  mature  delibera- 
tion, completely  free  in  its  principles,  in  the  distribu 
tion  of  its  powers,  uniting  security  with  energy,  and 
containing  within  itself  a  provision  for  its  own 
amendment,  has  a  just  claim  to  your  confidence  and 
your  support.  Respect  for  its  authority,  compliance 


88  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

with  its  laws,  acquiescence  in  its  measures,  are  duties 
enjoined  by  the  fundamental  maxims  of  liberty.  The 
basis  of  our  political  systems  is  the  right  of  the  people 
to  make  and  to  alter  their  constitutions  of  govern- 
ment ;  but  the  constitution  which  at  any  time  exists, 
till  changed  by  an  explicit  and  and  authentic  act  of 
the  whole  people,  is  sacredly  obligatory  upon  all. 
The  very  idea  of  the  power  and  the  right  of  the  peo- 
ple to  establish  government  presupposes  the  duty 
of  every  individual  to  obey  the  established  govern- 
ment. 

All  obstructions  to  the  execution  of  the  laws,  all 
combinations  and  associations,  under  whatever  plausi- 
ble character,  with  the  real  design  to  direct,  control, 
counteract,  or  awe  the  regular  deliberation  and  action 
of  the  constituted  authorities,  are  destructive  to  this 
fundamental  principle,  and  of  fatal  tendency.  They 
serve  to  organize  faction,  to  give  it  an  artificial  and 
extraordinary  force,  to  put  in  the  place  of  the  dele- 
gated will  of  the  nation  the  will  of  a  party — often  a 
small  but  artful  and  enterprising  minority  of  the 
community — and,  according  to  the  alternate  triumphs 
of  different  parties,  to  make  the  public  administration 
the  mirror  of  the  ill-concerted  and  incongruous 
projects  of  faction  rather  than  the  organ  of  consistent 
and  wholesome  plans,  digested  by  common  counsels, 
and  modified  by  mutual  interests. 


89 

However  combinations  or  associations  of  the 
above  description  may  now  and  then  answer  popular 
ends,  they  are  likely,  in  the  course  of  time  and 
things,  to  become  potent  engines,  by  which  cunning, 
ambitious,  and  unprincipled  men  will  be  enabled  to 
subvert  the  power  of  the  people,  and  to  usurp  for 
themselves  the  reins  of  government;  destroying, 
afterward,  the  very  engine  which  had  lifted  them  to 
unjust  dominion. 

Toward  the  preservation  of  your  government,  and 
the  permanency  of  your  present  happy  state,  it  is 
requisite,  not  only  that  you  steadily  discountenance 
irregular  oppositions  to  its  acknowledged  authority, 
but  also  that  you  resist  with  care  the  spirit  of  inno- 
vation upon  its  principles,  however  specious  the  pre- 
texts. One  method  of  assault  may  be  to  effect,  in 
the  forms  of  the  constitution,  alterations  which  will 
impair  the  energy  of  the  system,  and  thus  to  under- 
mine what  cannot  be  directly  overthrown.  In  all 
the  changes  to  which  you  may  be  invited,  remember 
that  time  and  habit  are  at  least  as  necessary  to  fix 
the  true  character  of  governments  as  of  other  human 
institutions;  that  experience  is  the  surest  standard 
by  which  to  test  the  real  tendency  of  the  existing 
constitution  of  a  country ;  that  facility  in  changes, 
upon  the  credit  of  mere  hypothesis  and  opinion,  ex- 
poses to  perpetual  change,  from  the  endless  variety 


90  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

of  hypothesis  and  opinion  ;  and  remember,  especially, 
that  for  the  efficient  management  of  your  common 
interests,  in  a  country  so  extensive  as  ours,  a  govern- 
ment of  as  much  vigor  as  is  consistent  with  the  per- 
fect security  of  liberty  is  indispensable.  Liberty 
itself  will  find  in  such  a  government,  with  powers 
properly  distributed  and  adjusted,  its  surest  guardian. 
It  is,  indeed,  little  else  than  a  name,  where  the  gov- 
ernment is  too  feeble  to  withstand  the  enterprises  of 
faction,  to  confine  each  member  of  the  society  within 
the  limits  prescribed  by  the  laws,  and  to  maintain  all 
in  the  secure  and  tranquil  enjoyment  of  the  rights  of 
person  and  property. 

I  have  already  intimated  to  you  the  danger  of 
parties  in  the  state,  with  particular  reference  to  the 
founding  of  them  on  geographical  discriminations. 
Let  me  now  take  a  more  comprehensive  view,  and 
warn  you,  in  the  most  solemn  manner,  against  the 
baneful  effects  of  the  spirit  of  party  generally. 

This  spirit,  unfortunately,  is  inseparable  from  our 
nature,  having  its  root  in  the  strongest  passions  of 
the  human  mind.  It  exists,  under  different  shapes, 
in  all  governments,  more  or  less  stifled,  controlled,  or 
repressed  ;  but  in  those  ot  the  popular  form  it  is  seen 
in  its  greatest  rankness,  and  is  truly  their  worst  enemy. 

The  alternate  domination  of  one  faction  over  an- 
other, sharpened  by  the  spirit  of  revenge,  natural  to 


WASHINGTON'S  FAREWELL  ADDBESS.  91 

party  dissension,  which,  in  different  ages  and  coun- 
tries, has  perpetrated  the  most  horrid  enormities,  is 
itself  a  frightful  despotism.  But  this  leads,  at  length, 
to  a  more  formal  and  permanent  despotism.  The 
disorders  and  miseries  which  result  gradually  incline 
the  minds  of  men  to  seek  security  and  repose  in  the 
absolute  power  of  an  individual ;  and,  sooner  or 
later,  the  chief  of  some  prevailing  faction,  more  able 
or  more  fortunate  than  his  competitors,  turns  this 
disposition  to  the  purposes  of  his  own  elevation  on 
the  ruins  of  public  liberty. 

Without  looking  forward  to  an  extremity  of  this 
kind  (which,  nevertheless,  ought  not  to  be  entirely 
out  of  sight),  the  common  and  continued  mischiefs  of 
the  spirit  of  party  are  sufficient  to  make  it  the  inter- 
est and  duty  of  a  wise  people  to  discourage  and 
restrain  it. 

It  serves  always  to  distract  the  public  councils 
and  enfeeble  the  public  administration.  It  agitates 
the  community  with  ill-founded  jealousies  arid  false 
alarms ;  kindles  the  animosity  of  one  part  against  an- 
other; foments,  occasionally,  riot  and  insurrection. 
It  opens  the  door  to  foreign  influence  and  corruption, 
which  find  a  facilitated  access  to  the  government 
itself  through  the  channels  of  party  passions.  Thus 
the  policy  and  the  will  of  one  country  are  subjected 
to  the  policy  and  will  of  another. 


92  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

There  is  an  opinion  that  parties,  in  free  countries, 
are  useful  checks  upon  the  administration  of  the  gov- 
ernment, and  serve  to  keep  alive  the  spirit  of  liberty. 
This,  within  certain  limits,  is  probably  true ;  and  in 
.governments  of  a  monarchial  cast,  patriotism  may 
look  with  indulgence,  if  not  with  favor,  upon  the 
spirit  of  party.  But  in  those  of  the  popular  charac- 
ter, in  governments  purely  elective,  it  is  a  spirit  not 
to  be  encouraged.  From  their  natural  tendency,  it 
is  certain  there  will  always  be  enough  of  that  spirit 
for  every  salutatory  purpose.  And  there  being  con- 
stant danger  of  excess,  the  effort  ought  to  be  by  force 
of  public  opinion  to  mitigate  and  assuage  it.  A  fire 
not  to  be  quenched,  it  demands  a  uniform  vigilance 
to  prevent  its  bursting  into  a  flame,  lest,  instead  of 
warming,  it  should  consume. 

It  is  important,  likewise,  that  the  habits  of  think- 
ing, in  a  free  country,  should  inspire  caution  in  those 
intrusted  with  its  administration,  to  confine  them- 
selves within  their  respective  constitutional  spheres, 
avoiding,  in  the  exercise  of  the  powers  of  one  depart- 
ment, to  encroach  upon  another.  The  spirit  of 
encroachment  tends  to  consolidate  the  powers  of  all 
the  departments  into  one,  and  thus  to  create,  what- 
ever the  form  of  government,  a  real  despotism.  A 
just  estimate  of  that  love  of  power  and  proneness  to 
abuse  it  which  predominate  in  the  human  heart  is 


WASHINGTON'S  FAREWELL  ADDBESS.  93 

sufficient  to  satisfy  us  of  the  truth  of  this  position. 
The  necessity  of  reciprocal  checks  in  the  exercise  of 
political  power,  by  dividing  and  distributing  it  into 
different  depositories,  and  constituting  each  the 
guardian  of  the  public  weal,  against  invasion  ,by  the 
others,  has  been  evinced  by  experiments,  ancient 
and  modern — some  of  them  in  our  own  country  and 
under  our  own  eyes.  To  preserve  them  must  be  as 
necessary  as  to  institute  them.  If,  in  the  opinion  of 
the  people,  the  distribution  or  modification  of  the 
constitutional  powers  be,  in  any  particular,  wrong, 
let  it  be  corrected  by  an  amendment  in  the  way 
which  the  constitution  designates.  But  let  there  be 
no  change  by  usurpation ;  for  though  this,  in  one 
instance,  may  be  the  instrument  of  good,  it  is  the 
customary  weapon  by  which  free  governments  are 
destroyed.  The  precedent  must  always  greatly 
overbalance,  in  permanent  evil,  any  partial  or 
transient  benefit  which  the  use  can,  at  any  time, 
yield. 

Of  all  the  dispositions  and  habits  which  lead  to 
political  prosperity,  religion  and  morality  are  indis- 
pensable supports.  In  vain  would  that  man  claim 
the  tribute  of  patriotism  who  should  labor  to  subvert 
these  great  pillars  of  human  happiness,  these  firmest 
props  of  the  duties  of  men  and  citizens.  The  mere 
politician,  equally  with  the  pious  man,  ought  to 


94  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

respect  and  to  cherish  them.  A  volume  could  not 
trace  all  their  connections  with  private  and  public 
felicity.  Let  it  simply  be  asked,  Where  is  the 
security  for  property,  for  reputation,  for  life,  if  the 
sense  of  religious  obligation  desert  the  oaths  which 
are  the  instruments  of  investigation  in  courts  of 
justice  ?  And  let  us  with  caution  indulge  the  sup- 
position that  morality  can  be  maintained  without 
religion.  Whatever  may  be  conceded  to  the  influ- 
ence of  refined  education  on  minds  of  peculiar 
structure,  reason  and  experience  both  forbid  us  to 
expect  that  national  morality  can  prevail  in  exclu- 
sion of  religious  principles. 

It  is  substantially  true,  that  virtue  or  morality  is 
a  necessary  spring  of  popular  government.  The 
rule,  indeed,  extends  with  more  or  less  force  to  every 
species  of  free  government.  Who  that  is  a  sincere 
friend  to  it  can  look  with  indifference  upon  attempts 
to  shake  the  foundation  of  the  fabric  ? 

Promote,  then,  as  an  object  of  primary  impor- 
tance, institutions  for  the  general  diffusion  of  knowl- 
edge. In  proportion  as  a  structure  of  a  government 
gives  force  to  public  opinion,  it  is  essential  that 
public  opinion  should  be  enlightened. 

As  a  very  important  source  of  strength  and 
security,  cherish  public  credit.  One  method  of  pre- 
serving it  is  to  use  it  as  sparingly  as  possible; 


WASHINGTON'S  FAREWELL  ADDEESS. 


95 


avoiding  occasions  of  expense  by  cultivating  peace, 
but  remembering,  also,  that  timely  disbursements  to 
prepare  for  danger  frequently  prevent  much  greater 
disbursements  to  repel  it ;  avoiding,  likewise,  the 
accumulation  of  debt,  not  only  by  shunning  occasions 
of  expense,  but  by  vigorous  exertions  in  time  of 
peace  to  discharge  the  debts  which  unavoidable  wars 
may  have  occasioned ;  not  ungenerously  throwing 
upon  posterity  the  burden  which  we  ourselves  ought 
to  bear.  The  execution  of  these  maxims  belongs  to 
your  representatives,  but  it  is  necessary  that  public 
opinion  should  cooperate.  To  facilitate  to  them  the 
performance  of  their  duty,  it  is  essential  that  you 
should  practically  bear  in  mind  that  toward  the  pay- 
ment of  debts  there  must  be  revenue ;  that  to  have 
revenue  there  must  be  taxes ;  that  no  taxes  can  be 
devised  which  are  not  more  or  less  inconvenient  and 
unpleasant ;  that  the  intrinsic  embarrassment  insepa- 
rable from  the  selection  of  the  proper  objects  (which 
is  always  a  choice  of  difficulties),  ought  to  be  a  deci- 
sive motive  for  a  candid  construction  of  the  conduct 
of  the  government  in  making  it,  and  for  a  spirit  of 
acquiescence  in  the  measures  for  obtaining  revenue 
which  the  public  exigencies  may  at  any  time  dictate. 
Observe  good  faith  and  justice  toward  all  nations ; 
cultivate  peace  and  harmony  with  all ;  religion  and 
morality  enjoin  this  conduct,  and  can  it  be  that 


96 


NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


good  policy  does  not  really  enjoin  it  ?  It  will  be 
worthy  of  a  free,  enlightened,  and,  at  no  distant 
period,  a  'great  nation,  to  give  to  mankind  the  mag- 
nanimous and  too  novel  example  of  a  people  always 
guided  by  an  exalted  justice  and  benevolence. 
"Who  can  doubt  that,  in  the  course  of  time  and 
things,  the  fruits  of  such  a  plan  would  richly  repay 
any  temporary  advantages  which  might  be  lost  by  a 
steady  adherence  to  it  ?  Can  it  be  that  Providence 
has  not  connected  the  permanent  felicity  of  a  nation 
with  its  virtue  ?  The  experiment,  at  least,  is  recom- 
mended by  every  sentiment  which  ennobles  human 
nature.  Alas !  it  is  rendered  impossible  by  its 
vices  ? 

In  the  execution  of  such  a  plan,  nothing  is  more 
essential  than  that  permanent  inveterate  antipathies 
against  particular  nations,  and  passionate  attach- 
ments for  others,  should  be  excluded,  and  that,  in 
place  of  them,  just  and  amicable  feelings  toward  all 
should  be  cultivated.  The  nation  which  indulges 
toward  another  an  habitual  hatred,  or  an  habitual 
fondness,  is,  in  some  degree,  a  slave.  It  is  a  slave  to 
its  animosity  or  its  affection,  either  of  which  is  suffi 
cient  to  lead  it  astray  from  its  duty  and  its  interest. 
Antipathy  in  one  nation  against  another  disposes 
each  more  readily  to  offer  insult  and  injury,  to  lay 
hold  of  slight  causes  of  umbrage,  and  to  be  haughty 


97 


and  intractable  when  accidental  or  trifling  occasions 
of  dispute  occur.  Hence,  frequent  collisions,  obsti- 
nate, envenomed,  and  bloody  contests.  The  nation, 
prompted  by  ill-will  and  resentment,  sometimes 
impels  to  war  the  government,  contrary  to  the  best 
calculations  of  policy.  The  government  sometimes 
participates  in  the  national  propensity,  and  adopts, 
through  passion,  what  reason  would  reject ;  at  other 
times  it  makes  the  animosity  of  the  nation  subservi- 
ent to  projects  of  hostility,  instigated  by  pride, 
ambition,  and  other  sinister  and  pernicious  motives. 
The  peace  often,  sometimes  perhaps  the  liberty  of 
nations,  has  been  the  victim. 

So,  likewise,  a  passionate  attachment  of  one 
nation  to  another  produces  a  variety  of  evils.  Sym- 
pathy for  the  favorite  nation,  facilitating  the  illusion 
of  an  imaginary  common  interest,  in  cases  where  no 
real  common  interest  exists,  and  infusing  into  one 
the  enmities  of  the  other,  betrays  the  former  into  a 
participation  into  the  quarrels  and  wars  of  the  latter, 
without  adequate  inducement  or  justification.  It 
leads  also  to  concessions  to  the  favorite  nation  of 
privileges  denied  to  others,  which  is  apt  doubly  to 
injure  the  nation  making  the  concessions,  by  unnec- 
essarily parting  with  what  ought  to  have  been 
retained,  and  by  exciting  jealousy,  ill-will,  and  a 
disposition  to  retaliate,  in  the  parties  from  whom 


OS  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

equal  privileges  are  withheld ;  and  it  gives  to  ainbi- 

q 

tious,  corrupted,  or  deluded  citizens  (who  devote 
themselves  to  the  favorite  nation),  facility  to  betray 
or  sacrifice  the  interest  of  their  own  country,  with- 
out odium,  sometimes  even  with  popularity  ;  gilding 
with  the  appearance  of  a  virtuous  sense  of  obligation, 
a  commendable  deference  for  public  opinion,  or  a 
laudable  zeal  for  public  good,  the  base  or  foolish 
compliances  of  ambition,  corruption,  or  infatuation. 

As  avenues  to  foreign  influence  in  innumerable 
ways,  such  attachments  are  particularly  alarming  to 
the  truly  enlightened  and  independent  patriot. 
How  many  opportunities  do  they  afford  to  tamper 
with  domestic  factions,  to  practice  the  art  of  seduc- 
tion, to  mislead  public  opinion,  to  influence  or  awe 
the  public  councils  !  Such  an  attachment  of  a  small 
or  weak  toward  a  great  and  powerful  nation  dooms 
the  former  to  be  the  satellite  of  the  latter. 

Against  the  insidious  wiles  of  foreign  influence  (I 
conjure  you  to  believe  me,  fellow-citizens)  the  jeal- 
ousy of  a  free  people  ought  to  be  constantly  awake, 
since  history  and  experience  prove  that  foreign 
influence  is  one  of  the  most  baneful  foes  of  repub- 
lican government.  But  that  jealousy,  to  be  useful, 
must  be  impartial,  else  it  becomes  the  instrument  of 
the  very  influence  to  be  avoided,  instead  of  a  defense 
against  it.  Excessive  partiality  for  one  foreign 


WASHINGTON'S  FAREWELL  ADDKESS. 


nation,  and  excessive  dislike  for  another,  cause  those 
whom  they  actuate  to  see  danger  only  on  one 
side,  and  serve  to  vail,  and  even  second,  the  arts  of 
influence  on  the  other.  Real  patriots,  who  may 
resist  the  intrigues  of  the  favorite,  are  liable  to 
become  suspected  and  odious,  while  its  tools  and 
dupes  usurp  the  applause  and  confidence  of  the  peo- 
ple, to  surrender  their  interests. 

The  great  rule  of  conduct  for  us,  in  regard  to 
foreign  nations,  is,  in  extending  our  commercial  rela- 
tions, to  have  with  them  as  little  political  connection 
as  possible.  So  far  as  we  have  already  formed 
engagements,  let  them  be  fulfilled  with  perfect  good 
faith.  Here  let  us  stop. 

Europe  has  a  set  of  primary  interests,  which  to 
us  have  none  or  a  very  remote  relation.  Hence  she 
must  be  engaged  in  frequent  controversies,  the 
causes  of  which  are  essentially  foreign  to  our  con- 
cerns. Hence,  therefore,  it  must  be  unwise  in  us 
to  implicate  ourselves,  by  artificial  ties,  in  the  or- 
dinary vicissitudes  of  her  politics,  or  the  ordinary 
combinations  and  collisions  of  her  friendships  or 
enmities. 

Our  detached  and  distant  situation  invites  and 
enables  us  to  pursue  a  different  course.  If  we 
remain  one  people,  under  an  efficient  government, 
the  period  is  not  far  off  when  we  may  defy  material 


100  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

injury  from  external  annoyance,  when  we  may  take 
such  an  attitude  as  will  cause  the  neutrality  we  may 
at  any  time  resolve  upon  to  be  scrupulously  respected 
— when  belligerent  nations,  under  the  impossibility 
of  making  acquisitions  upon  us,  will  not  lightl)' 
hazard  the  giving  us  provocation — when  we  may 
choose  peace  or  war,  as  our  interest,  guided  by  jus- 
tice, shall  counsel. 

Why  forego  the  advantages  of  so  peculiar  a 
situation  ?  Why  quit  our  own  to  stand  upon  foreign 
ground  ?  Why,  by  interweaving  our  destiny  with 
that  of  any  part  of  Europe,  entangle  our  peace  and 
prosperity  in  the  toils  of  European  ambition,  rival- 
ship,  interest,  humor,  or  caprice  ? 

It  is  our  true  policy  to  steer  clear  of  permanent 
alliances  with  any  portion  of  the  foreign  world ;  so 
far,  I  mean,  as  we  are  now  at  liberty  to  do  it ;  for 
let  me  not  be  understood  as  capable  of  patronizing 
infidelity  to  existing  engagements.  I  hold  the 
maxim  no  less  applicable  to  public  than  to  private 
affairs,  that  honesty  is  always  the  best  policy.  I 
repeat  it,  therefore,  let  those  engagements  be 
observed  in  their  genuine  sense.  But,  in  my 
opinion,  it  is  unnecessary,  and  would  be  unwise,  to 
extend  them. 

Taking  care  always  to  keep  ourselves,  by  suitable 
establishments,  on  a  respectable  defensive  posture, 


WASHINGTON'S  FAREWELL  ADDBESS.          101 

we  may  safely  trust  to  temporary  alliances  for  extra- 
ordinary emergencies. 

Harmony,  and  a  liberal  intercourse  with  all 
nations,  are  recommended  by  policy,  humanity,  and 
interest.  But  even  our  commercial  policy  should 
hold  an  equal  and  impartial  hand ;  neither  seeking 
nor  granting  exclusive  favors  or  preferences ;  con- 
sulting the  natural  course  of  things ;  diffusing  and 
diversifying,  by  gentle  means,  the  streams  of  com- 
merce, but  forcing  nothing ;  establishing,  with 
powers  so  disposed,  in  order  to  give  trade  a  stable 
course,  to  define  the  rights  of  our  merchants,  and  to 
enable  the  government  to  support  them,  conven- 
tional rules  of  intercourse,  the  best  that  present 
circumstances  and  mutual  opinions  will  permit,  but 
temporary,  and  liable  to  be,  from  time  to  time, 
abandoned  or  varied,  as  experience  and  circum- 
stances shall  dictate ;  constantly  keeping  in  view 
that  it  is  folly  in  one  nation  to  look  for  disinterested 
favors  from  another ;  that  it  must  pay,  with  a  por- 
tion of  its  independence,  for  -whatever  it  may  accept 
under  that  character  ;  that  by  such  acceptance  it 
may  place  itself  in  the  condition  of  having  given 
equivalents  for  nominal  favors,  and  yet  of  being 
reproached  with  ingratitude  for  not  giving  more. 
There  can  be  no  greater  error  than  to  expect,  or 
calculate  upon,  real  favors  from  nation  to  nation 


102  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

It  is  an  illusion  which  experience  must  cure,  which  a 
just  pride  ought  to  discard. 

In  offering  to  you,  my  countrymen,  these  counsels 
of  an  old  and  affectionate  friend,  I  dare  not  hope 
they  will  make  the  strong  and  lasting  impression  I 
could  wish — that  they  will  control  the  usual  current 
of  the  passions,  or  prevent  our  nation  from  running 
the  course  which  has  hitherto  marked  the  destiny  of 
nations  ;  but  if  I  may  even  flatter  myself  that  they 
may  be  productive  of  some  partial  benefit,  some 
occasional  good,  that  they  may  now  and  then  recur 
to  moderate  the  fury  of  party  spirit,  to  warn  against 
the  mischiefs  of  foreign  intrigues,  to  guard  against 
the  impostures  of  pretended  patriotism — this  hope 
will  be  a  full  recompense  for  the  solicitude  for  your 
welfare  by  which  they  have  been  dictated. 

How  far,  in  the  discharge  of  my  official  duties,  I 
have  been  guided  by  the  principles  which  have  been 
delineated,  the  public  records,  and  other  evidences 
of  my  conduct,  must  witness  to  you  and  the  world. 
To  myself,  the  assurance  of  my  own  conscience  is, 
that  I  have  at  least  believed  myself  to  be  guided  by 
them. 

In  relation  to  the  still  subsisting  war  in  Europe, 
my  proclamation  of  the  22d  of  April,  1793,  is  the 
index  to  my  plan.  Sanctioned  by  your  approving 
voice,  and  by  that  of  your  representatives  in  both 


103 


Houses  of  Congress,  the  spirit  of  that  measure  has 
continually  governed  me,  uninfluenced  by  any 
attempts  to  deter  or  divert  me  from  it. 

After  deliberate  examination,  with  the  aid  of  the 
best  lights  I  could  obtain,  I  was  well  satisfied  that 
our  country,  under  all  the  circumstances  of  the  case, 
had  a  right  to  take,  and  was  bound  in  duty  and  in- 
terest to  take,  a  neutral  position.  Having  taken  it,  I 
determined,  as  far  as  should  depend  upon  me,  to  main- 
tain it  with  moderation,  perseverance,  and  firmness. 

The  considerations  which  respect  the  right  to 
hold  this  conduct,  it  is  not  necessary  on  this  occasion 
to  detail.  I  will  only  observe  that,  according  to  my 
understanding  of  the  matter,  that  right,  so  far  from 
being  denied  by  any  of  the  belligerent  powers,  has 
been  virtually  admitted  by  all. 

The  duty  of  holding  a  neutral  conduct  may  be 
inferred,  without  anything  more,  from  the  obligation 
which  justice  and  humanity  impose  on  every  nation, 
in  cases  in  which  it  is  free  to  act,  to  maintain  inviolate 
the  relations  of  peace  and  amity  toward  other  nations. 

The  inducements  of  interest,  for  observing  that 
conduct,  will  be  best  referred  to  your  own  reflections 
and  experience.  With  me,  a  predominant  motive  has 
been  to  endeavor  to  gain  time  to  our  country  to 
settle  and  mature  its  yet  recent  institutions,  and  to 
progress,  without  interruption,  to  that  degree  of 


104  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

strength  and  consistency  which  is  necessary  to  give  it, 
humanly  speaking,  the  command  of  its  own  fortunes. 
Though,  in  reviewing  the  incidents  of  my  admin- 
istration, I  am  unconscious  of  intentional  error,  I 
am,  nevertheless,  too  sensible  of  my  defects  not  to 
think  it  probable  that  I  may  have  committed  many 
errors.  Whatever  they  may  be,  I  fervently  beseech 
the  Almighty  to  avert  or  mitigate  the  evils  to  which 
they  may  tend.  I  shall  also  carry  with  me  the  hope 
that  my  country  will  never  cease  to  view  them  with 
indulgence,  and  that,  after  forty-five  years  of  my  life 
dedicated  to  its  service  with  an  upright  zeal,  the  faults 
of  incompetent  abilities  will  be  consigned  to  oblivion, 
as  myself  must  soon  be  to  the  mansions  of  rest. 

Relying  on  its  kindness  in  this,  as  in  other  things, 
and  actuated  by  that  fervent  love  toward  it  which  is 
so  natural  to  a  man  who  views  in  it  the  native  soil  of 
himself  and  his  progenitors  for  several  generations, 
I  anticipate,  with  pleasing  expectation,  that  retreat 
in  which  I  promise  myself  to  realize,  without  alloy, 
the  sweet  enjoyment  of  partaking,  in  the  midst  of 
my  fellow-citizens,  the  benign  influence  of  good  laws 
under  a  free  government — the  ever  favorite  object  of 
my  heart — and  the  happy  reward,  as  I  trust,  of  our 
mutual  cares,  labors,  and  dangers. 

GEOKGE  WASHINGTON. 
UNITED  STATES,  Ifth  September,  1796. 


PRESIDENT   JACKSON'S    PROCLAMATION.  105 


PRESIDENT  JACKSON'S  PROCLAMATION, 

ISSUED  IS  1832,  WHEN"  SOUTH  CAROLINA  UNDERTOOK  TO   ANNUL 
THE   FEDERAL  REVENUE   LAW. 


WHEREAS  a  convention,  assembled  in  the  State  of 
South  Carolina,  have  passed  an  ordinance,  by  which 
they  declare  "  that  the  several  acts  and  parts  of  acts 
of  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  purporting  to 
be  laws  for  the  imposing  of  duties  and  imposts  on  the 
importation  of  foreign  commodities,  and  now  having 
actual  operation  and  effect  .within  the  United  States, 
and  more  especially  *  two  acts  for  the  same  purposes, 
passed  on  the  29th  of  May,  1828,  and  on  the  14th  of 
July,  1832,'  are  unauthorized  by  the  Constitution  of 
the  United  States,  and  violate  the  true  meaning  and 
intent  thereof,  and  are  null  and  void,  and  no  law," 
nor  binding  on  the  citizens  of  that  State  or  its  offi- 
cers ;  and  by  the  said  ordinance  it  is  further  declared 
to  be  unlawful  for  any  of  the  constituted  authori- 
ties of  the  State,  or  of  the  United  States,  to  enforce 


106  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

the  payment  of  the  duties  imposed  by  the  said  acta 
within  the  same  State,  and  that  it  is  the  duty  of  the 
legislature  to  pass  such  laws  as  may  be  necessary  to 
give  full  effect  to  the  said  ordinances : 

And  whereas,  by  the  said  ordinance  it  is  further 
ordained,  that,  in  no  case  of  law  or  equity,  decided  in 
the  courts  of  said  State,  wherein  shall  be  drawn  in 
question  the  validity  of  the  said  ordinance,  or  of  the 
acts  of  the  legislature  that  may  be  passed  to  give  it 
effect,  or  of  the  said  laws  of  the  United  States,  no 
appeal  shall  be  allowed  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States,  nor  shall  any  copy  of  the  record  be 
permitted  or  allowed  for  that  purpose ;  and  that  any 
person  attempting  to  take  such  appeal,  shall  be  pun- 
ished as  for  a  contempt  of  court: 

And,  finally,  the  said  ordinance  declares  that  the 
people  of  South  Carolina  will  maintain  the  said  ordi- 
nance at  every  hazard ;  and  that  they  will  consider 
the  passage  of  any  act  by  Congress  abolishing  or 
closing  the  ports  of  the  said  State,  or  otherwise  ob- 
structing the  free  ingress  or  egress  of  vessels  to  and 
from  the  said  ports,  or  any  other  act  of  the  Federal 
Government  to  coerce  the  State,  shut  up  her  ports, 
destroy  or  harass  her  commerce,  or  to  enforce  the 
said  acts  otherwise  than  through  the  civil  tribunals 
of  the  country,  as  inconsistent  with  the  longer  con- 
tinuance of  South  Carolina  in  the  Union ;  and  that 


107 


the  people  of  the  said  State  will  thenceforth  hold 
themselves  absolved  from  all  further  obligation  to 
maintain  or  preserve  their  political  connection  with 
the  people  of  the  other  States,  and  will  forthwith 
proceed  to  organize  a  separate  government,  and  do 
all  other  acts  and  things  which  sovereign  and  inde- 
pendent States  may  of  right  do : 

And  whereas  the  said  ordinance  prescribes  to  the 
people  of  South  Carolina  a  course  of  conduct  in  direct 
violation  of  their  duty  as  citizens  of  the  United 
States,  contrary  to  the  laws  of  their  country,  subver- 
sive of  its  Constitution,  and  having  for  its  object  the 
destruction  of  the  Union — that  Union,  which,  coeval 
with  our  political  existence,  led  our  fathers,  without 
any  other  ties  to  unite  them  than  those  of  patriotism 
and  common  cause,  through  a  sanguinary  struggle  to 
a  glorious  independence — that  sacred  Union,  hitherto, 
inviolate,  which,  perfected  by  our  happy  Constitu- 
tion, has  brought  us,  by  the  favor  of  Heaven,  to  a 
state  of  prosperity  at  home,  and  high  consideration 
abroad,  rarely,  if  ever,  equaled  in  the  history  of  na- 
tions ;  to  preserve  this  bond  of  our  political  existence 
from  destruction,  to  maintain  inviolate  this  state  of 
national  honor  and  prosperity,  and  to  justify  the  con- 
fidence my  fellow-citizens  have  reposed  in  me,  I, 
Andrew  Jackson,  President  of  the  United  States, 
have  thought  proper  to  issue  this,  my  PROCLAMATION, 


108  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

stating  my  views  of  the  Constitution  and  laws 
applicable  to  the  measures  adopted  by  the  Conven- 
tion of  South  Carolina,  and  to  the  reasons  they  have 
put  forth  to  sustain  them,  declaring  the  course  which 
duty  will  require  me  to  pursue,  and,  appealing  to  the 
understanding  and  patriotism  of  the  people,  warn 
them  of  the  consequences  that  must  inevitably  result 
from  an  observance  of  the  dictates  of  the  Convention. 

Strict  duty  would  require  of  me  nothing  more 
than  the  exercise  of  those  powers  with  which  I  am 
now,  or  may  hereafter  be,  invested,  for  preserving 
the  Union,  and  for  the  execution  of  the  laws.  But 
the  imposing  aspect  which  opposition  has  assumed  in 
this  case,  by  clothing  itself  with  State  authority,  and 
the  deep  interest  which  the  people  of  the  United 
States  must  all  feel  in  preventing  a  resort  to  stronger 
measures,  while  there  is  a  hope  that  anything  will  be 
yielded  to  reasoning  and  remonstrances,  perhaps 
demand,  and  will  certainly  justify,  a  full  exposition 
to  South  Carolina  and  the  nation  of  the  views  I  en- 
tertain of  this  important  question,  as  well  as  a  distinct 
enunciation  of  the  course  which  my  sense  of  duty  will 
j  require  me  to  pursue. 

The  ordinance  is  founded,  not  on  the  indefeasible 
right  of  resisting  acts  which  are  plainly  unconstitu- 
tional, and  too  oppressive  to  be  endured,  but  on  the 
Strange  position  that  any  one  State  may  not  only 


PRESIDENT   JACKSON'S    PROCLAMATION.  109 


declare  an  act  of  Congress  void,  but  prohibit  its 
cution  —  that  they  may  do  this  consistently  with  the 
Constitution  —  that  the  true  construction  of  that 
instrument  permits  a  State  to  retain  its  place  in  the 
Union,  and  yet  be  bound  by  no  other  of  its  laws  than 
those  it  may  choose  to  consider  as  constitutional.  It 
is  true  they  add,  that,  to  justify  this  abrogation  of  a 
law,  it  must  be  palpably  contrary  to  the  Constitution  ; 
but  it  is  evident,  ihpk  to  give  the  right  of  resisting 
laws  of  that  description,  coupled  with  the  uncon- 
trolled right  to  decide  what  laws  deserve  that  char- 
acter, is  to  give  the  power  of  resisting  all  laws.  For, 
as  by  the  theory,  there  is  no  appeal,  the  reasons 
alleged  by  the  State,  good  or  bad,  must  prevail.  If 
it  should  be  said  that  public  opinion  is  a  sufficient 
check  against  the  abuse  of  this  power,  it  may  be 
asked  why  is  it  not  deemed  a  sufficient  guard  against 
the  passage  of  an  unconstitutional  act  by  Congress. 
There  is,  however,  a  restraint  in  this  last  case,  which 
makes  the  assumed  power  of  a  State  more  indefensi- 
ble, and  which  does  not  exist  in  the  other.  There 
are  two  appeals  from  an  unconstitutional  act  passed 
by  Congress  —  one  to  the  judiciary,  the  other  to  the 
people  and  the  States.  There  is  no  appeal  from  the 
State  decision  in  theory  ;  and  the  practical  illustra- 
tration  shows  that  the  courts  are  closed  against  an 
application  to  review  it,  both  judges  and  jurors  being 


110  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

sworn  to  decide  in  its  favor.  But  reasoning  on  thia 
subject  is  superfluous,  when  our  social  compact  in 
express  terms  declares,  that  the  laws  of  the  United 
States,  its  Constitution,  and  treaties  made  under  it, 
are  the  supreme  law  of  the  land ;  and  for  greater 
caution  adds,  "  that  the  judges  in  every  State  shall 
be  bound  thereby,  anything  in  the  constitution  or 
laws  of  any  State  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding." 
And  it  may  be  asserted,  without,  fear  of  refutation, 
that  no  federative  government  could  exist  without  a 
similar  provision.  Look,  for  a  moment,  to  the  conse- 
quence. If  South  Carolina  considers  the  revenue 
laws  unconstitutional,  and  has  a  right  to  prevent 
their  execution  in  the  port  of  Charleston,  there  would 
be  a  clear  constitutional  objection  to  their  collection 
in  every  other  port,  and  no  revenue  could  be  collected 
anywhere ;  for  all  imposts  must  be  equal.  It  is  no 
answer  to  repeat  that  an  unconstitutional  law  is  no 
law,  so  long  as  the  question  of  its  legality  is  to  be 
decided  by  the  State  itself;  for  every  law  operating 
injuriously  upon  any  local  interest  will  be  perhaps 
thought,  and  certainly  represented,  as  unconstitu- 
tional, and,  as  has  been  shown,  there  is  no  appeal. 

If  this  doctrine  had  been  established  at  an  earlier 
day,  the  Union  would  have  been  dissolved  in  ita 
infancy.  The  excise  law  in  Pennsylvania,  the  em- 
bargo and  non-intercourse  law  in  the  Eastern  States, 


PRESIDENT  JACKSON'S   PROCLAMATION. 


the  carriage  tax  in  Yirginia,  were  all  deemed  uncon- 
stitutional, and  were  more  unequal  in  their  operation 
than  any  of  the  laws  now  complained  of;  but,  fortu- 
nately, none  of  those  States  discovered  that  they  had 
the  right  now  claimed  by  South  Carolina.  The  war 
into  which  we  were  forced,  to  support  the  dignity  of 
the  nation  and  the  rights  of  our  citizens,  might  have 
ended  in  defeat  and  disgrace,  instead  of  victory  and 
honor,  if  the  States,  who  supposed  it  a  ruinous  and 
unconstitutional  measure,  had  thought  they  possessed 
the  right  of  nullifying  the  act  by  which  it  was  de- 
clared, and  denying  supplies  for  its  prosecution. 
Hardly  and  unequally  as  those  measures  bore  upon 
several  members  of  the  Union,  to  the  legislatures  of 
none  did  this  efficient  and  peaceable  remedy,  as  it  is 
called,  suggest  itself.  The  discovery  of  this  impor- 
tant feature  in  our  Constitution  was  reserved  to  the 
present  day.  To  the  statesmen  of  South  Carolina 
belongs  the  invention,  and  upon  the  citizens  of  that 
State  will,  unfortunately,  fall  the  evils  of  reducing  it 
to  practice. 

If  the  doctrine  of  a  State  veto  upon  the  laws  of 
the  Union  carries  with  it  internal  evidence  of  its  im- 
practicable absurdity,  our  constitutional  history  will 
also  afford  abundant  proof  that  it  would  have  been 
repudiated  with  indignation  had  it  been  proposed  to 
form  a  feature  in  our  government. 


112  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

In  our  colonial  state,  although  dependent  on  an- 
other power,  we  very  early  considered  ourselves  as 
connected  by  common  interest  with  each  other. 
Leagues  were  formed  for  common  defense,  and  before 
the  Declaration  of  Independence,  we  were  known  in 
our  aggregate  character  as  the  United  Colonies  of 
America.  That  decisive  and  important  step  was 
taken  jointly.  "We  declared  ourselves  a  nation  by  a 
joint,  not  by  several  acts ;  and  when  the  terms  of 
our  confederation  were  reduced  to  form,  it  was  in 
that  of  a  solemn  league  of  several  States,  by  which 
they  agreed  that  they  would,  collectively,  form  one 
nation,  for  the  purpose  of  conducting  some  certain 
domestic  concerns,  and  all  foreign  relations.  In  the 
instrument  forming  that  Union,  is  found  an  article 
which  declares  that  "  every  State  shall  abide  by  the 
determinations  of  Congress  on  all  questions  which 
by  that  Confederation  should  be  submitted  to  them." 

Under  the  Confederation,  then,  no  State  could 
legally  annul  a  decision  of  the  Congress,  or  refuse  to 
submit  to  its  execution  ;  but  no  provision  was  made 
to  enforce  these  decisions.  Congress  made  requisi- 
tions, but  they  were  not  complied  with.  The  gov- 
ernment could  not  operate  on  individuals.  They  had 
no  judiciary,  no  means  of  collecting  revenue. 

But  the  defects  of  the  Confederation  need  not  be 
detailed.  Under  its  operation  we  could  scarcely  be 


PRESIDENT  JACKSON'S   PROCLAMATION.  113 

called  a  nation.  "We  had  neither  prosperity  at  home 
nor  consideration  abroad.  This  state  of  things  could 
not  be  endured,  and  our  present  happy  Constitution 
was  formed,  but  formed  in  vain,  if  this  fatal  doctrine 
prevails.  It  was  formed  for  important  objects  that 
are  announced  in  the  preamble  made  in  the  name 
and  by  the  authority  of  the  people  of  the  United 
States,  whose  delegates  framed,  and  whose  conven- 
tions approved,  it. 

The  most  important  among  these  objects,  that 
which  is  placed  first  in  rank,  on  which  all  the  others 
rest,  is  "to  form  a  more  perfect  Union."  Now,  it  is 
possible  that,  even  if  there  were  no  express  provision 
giving  supremacy  to  the  Constitution  and  laws  of 
the  United  States  over  those  of  the  States,  it  can  be 
conceived  that  an  instrument  made  for  the  purpose 
of  "forming  a  more  perfect  Union"  than  that  of  the 
Confederation,  could  be  so  constructed  by  the  assem- 
bled wisdom  of  our  country  as  to  substitute  for  that 
confederation  a  form  of  government,  dependent  for 
its  existence  on  the  local  interest,  the  party  spirit  of 
a  State,  or  of  a  prevailing  faction  in  a  State  ?  Every 
man,  of  plain,  unsophisticated  understanding,  who 
hears  the  question,  will  give  such  an  answer  as  will 
preserve  the  Union.  Metaphysical  subtlety,  in  pur- 
suit of  an  impracticable  theory,  could  alone  have 
devised  one  that  is  calculated  to  destroy  it. 


NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

I  consider,  then,  the  power  to  annul  a  law  of  the 
United  States,  assumed  by  one  State,  incompatible 
with  the  existence  of  the  Union,  contradicted  expressly 
Inj  the  letter  of  the  Constitution,  unauthorized  ly  its 
fipirit,  inconsistent  with  every  principle  on  which  it 
was  founded,  and  destructive  of  the  great  object  for 
which  it  was  formed. 

After  this  general  view  of  the  leading  principle, 
we  must  examine  the  particular  application  of  it 
which  is  made  in  the  ordinance. 

The  preamble  rests  its  justification  on  these 
grounds  :  It  assumes  as  a  fact,  thai  the  obnoxious 
laws,  although  they  purport  to  be  laws  for  raising 
revenue,  were  in  reality  intended  for  the  protection 
of  manufactures,  which  purpose  it  asserts  to  be  un- 
constitutional ;  that  the  operation  of  these  laws  is 
unequal ;  that  the  amount  raised  by  them  is  greater 
than  is  required  by  the  wants  of  the  government ; 
and,  finally,  that  the  proceeds  are  to  be  applied  to 
objects  unauthorized  by  the  Constitution.  These  are 
the  only  causes  alleged  to  justify  an  open  opposition 
to  the  laws  of  the  country,  and  a  threat  of  seceding 
from  the  Union,  if  any  attempt  should  be  made  to 
enforce  them.  The  first  actually  acknowledges  that 
the  law  in  question  was  passed  under  power  ex- 
pressly given  by  the  Constitution,  to  lay  and  collect 
imposts ;  but  its  constitutionality  is  drawn  in  ques- 


PRESIDENT  JACKSON^   PROCLAMATION.  115 

tion  from  the  motives  of  those  who  passed  it.  How- 
ever apparent  this  purpose  may  be  in  the  present 
case,  nothing  can  be  more  dangerous  than  to  admit 
the  position  that  an  unconstitutional  purpose,  enter- 
tained by  the  members  who  assent  to  a  law  enacted 
under  a  constitutional  power,  shall  make  that  law 
void ;  for  how  is  that  purpose  to  be  ascertained  ? 
Who  is  to  make  the  scrutiny  ?  How  often  may  bad 
purposes  be  falsely  imputed?  In  how  many  cases 
are  they  concealed  by  false  professions?  In  how 
many  is  no  declaration  of  motive  made  ?  Admit  this 
doctrine,  and  you  give  to  the  States  an  uncontrolled 
right  to  decide,  and  every  law  may  be  annulled 
under  this  pretext.  If,  therefore,  the  absurd  and 
dangerous  doctrine  should  be  admitted,  that  a  State 
may  annul  an  unconstitutional  law,  or  one  that  it 
deems  such,  it  will  not  apply  to  the  present  case. 

The  next  objection  is,  that  the  laws  in  question 
operate  unequally.  This  objection  may  be  made 
with  truth  to  every  law  that  has  been  or  can  be 
passed.  The  wisdom  of  man  never  yet  contrived  a 
system  of  taxation  that  would  operate  with  perfect 
equality.  If  the  unequal  operation  of  a  law  makes 
it  unconstitutional,  and  if  all  laws  of  that  description 
may  be  abrogated  by  any  State  for  that  cause,  then, 
indeed,  is  the  federal  Constitution  unworthy  of  the 
slightest  efforts  for  its  preservation.  We  have  hith- 


116  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

erto  relied  on  it  as  the  perpetual  bond  of  our  Union. 
We  have  received  it  as  the  work  of  the  assembled 
wisdom  of  the  nation.  "We  have  trusted  to  it  as  to 
the  sheet-anchor  of  our  safety,  in  the  stormy  times  of 
conflict  with  a  foreign  or  domestic  foe.  We  have 
looked  to  it  with  sacred  awe  as  the  palladium  of  our 
liberties,  and  with  all  the  solemnities  of  religion  have 
pledged  to  each  other  our  lives  and  fortunes  here, 
and  our  hopes  of  happiness  hereafter,  in  its  defense 
and  support.  Were  we  mistaken,  my  countrymen, 
in  attaching  this  importance  to  the  Constitution  of 
our  country  ?  Was  our  devotion  paid  to  the  wretched, 
inefficient,  clumsy  contrivance,  which  this  new  doc- 
trine would  make  it  ?  Did  we  pledge  ourselves  to  the 
support  of  an  airy  nothing — a  bubble  that  must  be 
blown  away  by  the  first  breath  of  disaffection  ?  Was 
this  self-destroying,  visionary  theory  the  work  of  the 
profound  statesmen,  the  exalted  patriots,  to  whom  the 
task  of  constitutional  reform  was  intrusted?  Did 
the  name  of  Washington  sanction,  did  the  States  de- 
liberately ratify,  such  an  anomaly  in  the  history  of 
fundamental  legislation?  No.  We  were  not  mis- 
taken. The  letter  of  this  great  instrument  is  free 
from  this  radical  fault;  its  language  directly  contra- 
dicts the  imputation;  its  spirit,  its  evident  intent, 
contradicts  it.  !No,  we  did  not  err.  Our  Constitu- 
tion does  not  contain  the  absurdity  of  giving  power 


PRESIDENT  JACKSON'S   PROCLAMATION.  117 

to  make  laws,  and  another  power  to  resist  them. 
The  sages,  whose  memory  will  always  be  reverenced, 
have  given  us  a  practical,  and,  as  they  hoped,  a  per- 
manent constitutional  compact.  The  Father  of  his 
Country  did  not  affix  his  revered  name  to  so  palpable 
an  absurdity.  Nor  did  the  States,  when  they  sever- 
ally ratified  it,  do  so  under  the  impression  that  a  veto 
on  the  laws  of  the  United  States  was  reserved  to 
them,  or  that  they  could  exercise  it  by  application. 
Search  the  debates  in  all  their  conventions — examine 
the  speeches  of  the  most  zealous  opposers  of  federal 
authority — look  at  the  amendments  that  were  pro- 
posed. They  are  all  silent — -not  a  syllable  uttered, 
not  a  vote  given,  not  a  motion  made,  to  correct  the 
explicit  supremacy  given  to  the  laws  of  the  Union 
over  those  of  the  States,  or  to  show  that  implication, 
as  is  now  contended,  could  defeat  it.  No,  we  have 
not  erred !  The  Constitution  is  still  the  object  of  our 
reverence,  the  bond  of  our  union,  our  defense  in 
danger,  the  source  of  our  prosperity  in  peace.  It 
shall  descend,  as  we  have  received  it,  uncorrupted 
by  sophistical  construction,  to  our  posterity ;  and  the 
sacrifices  of  local  interest,  of  State  prejudices,  of  per- 
sonal animosities,  that  were  made  to  bring  it  into 
existence,  will  again  be  patriotically  offered  for  its 
support. 

The  two  remaining  objections  made  by  the  ordi- 


118  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

nance  to  these  laws  are,  that  the  sums  intended  to  be 
raised  by  them  are  greater  than  are  required,  and 
that  the  proceeds  will  be  unconstitutionally  employed. 
The  Constitution  has  given  expressly  to  Congress  the 
right  of  raising  revenue,  and  of  determining  the  sum 
the  public  exigencies  will  require.  The  States  have 
no  control  over  the  exercise  of  this  right  other  than 
that  which  results  from  the  power  of  changing  the 
representatives  who  abuse  it,  and  thus  procure  re- 
dress. Congress  may  undoubtedly  abuse  this  discre- 
tionary power,  but  the  same  may  be  said  of  others 
with  which  they  are  vested.  Yet  the  discretion  must 
exist  somewhere.  The  Constitution  has  given  it  to 
the  representatives  of  all  the  people,  checked  by  the 
representatives  of  the  States,  and  by  the  executive 
power.  The  South  Carolina  construction  gives  it  to 
the  legislature,  or  the  convention  of  a  single  State, 
where  neither  the  people  of  the  different  States,  nor 
the  States  in  their  separate  capacity,  nor  the  chief 
magistrate  elected  by  the  people,  have  any  represen- 
tation. Which  is  the  most  discreet  disposition  of  the 
power  ?  I  do  not  ask  you,  fellow-citizens,  which  is 
the  constitutional  disposition — that  instrument  speaks 
a  language  not  to  be  misunderstood.  But  if  you  were 
assembled  in  general  convention,  which  would  you 
think  the  safest  depository  of  this  discretionary  power 
in  the  last  resort?  Would  you  add  a  clause  giving 


PRESIDENT   JACKSON'S   PROCLAMATION.  119 

it  to  each  of  the  States,  or  would  you  sanction  the 
wise  provisions  already  made  by  your  Constitution  ? 
If  this  should  be  the  result  of  your  deliberations  when 
providing  for  the  future,  are  you — can  you — be  ready 
to  risk  all  that  we  hold  dear,  to  establish,  for  a  tem- 
porary and  a  local  purpose,  that  which  yon  must 
acknowledge  to  be  destructive,  and  even  absurd,  as  a 
general  provision  ?  Carry  out  the  consequences  of 
this  right  vested  in  the  different  States,  and  you 
must  perceive  that  the  crisis  your  conduct  presents 
at  this  day  would  recur  whenever  any  law  of  the 
United  States  displeased  any  of  the  States,  and  that 
we  should  soon  cease  to  be  a  nation. 

The  ordinance,  with  the  same  knowledge  of  the 
future  that  characterizes  a  former  objection,  tells  you 
that  the  proceeds  of  the  tax  will  be  unconstitutionally 
applied.  If  this  could  be  ascertained  with  certainty, 
the  objection  would,  with  more  propriety,  be 
reserved  for  the  law  so  applying  the  proceeds,  but 
surely  can  not  be  urged  against  the  laws  levying  the 
duty. 

These  are  the  allegations  contained  in  the  ordi- 
nance. Examine  them  seriously,  my  fellow-citizens 
— judge  for  yourselves.  I  appeal  to  you  to  deter- 
mine whether  they  are  so  clear,  so  convincing,  as  to 
leave  no  doubt  of  their  correctness ;  and  even  if  you 
should  come  to  this  conclusion,  how  far  they  justify 


120  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

the  reckless,  destructive  course  which  you  are  directed 
to  pursue.  Review  these  objections,  and  the  conclu- 
sions drawn  from  them  once  more.  What  are  they  ? 
Every  law,  then,  for  raising  revenue,  according  to 
the  South  Carolina  ordinance,  may  be  rightfully  an- 
nulled, unless  it  be  so  framed  as  no  law  ever  will  or 
can  be  framed.  Congress  have  a  right  to  pass  laws 
for  raising  revenue,  and  each  State  has  a  right  to 
oppose  their  execution — two  rights  directly  opposed 
to  each  other ;  and  yet  is  this  absurdity  supposed  to 
be  contained  in  an  instrument  drawn  for  the  express 
purpose  of  avoiding  collisions  between  the  States  and 
the  general  government,  by  an  assembly  of  the  most 
enlightened  statesmen  and  purest  patriots  ever  em- 
bodied for  a  similiar  purpose. 

In  vain  have  these  sages  declared  that  Congress 
shall  have  power  to  lay  and  collect  taxes,  duties,  im- 
posts, and  excises — in  vain  have  they  provided  that 
they  shall  have  power  to  pass  laws  which  shall  be 
necessary  and  proper  to  carry  those  powers  into 
execution,  that  those  laws  and  that  Constitution  shall 
be  the  "  supreme  law  of  the  land ;  and  that  the 
judges  in  every  State  shall  be  bound  thereby,  any- 
thing in  the  constitution  or  laws  of  any  State  to  the 
contrary  notwithstanding."  In  vain  have  the  people 
of  the  several  States  solemnly  sanctioned  these  pro- 
visions, made  them  their  paramount  law,  and  indi- 


PRESIDENT  JACKSON'S  PROCLAMATION.          121 

viduallj  sworn  to  support  them  whenever  they  were 
called  on  to  execute  any  office. 

Yain  provisions  1  Ineffectual  restrictions  !  Yile 
profanation  of  oaths  !  Miserable  mockery  of  legisla- 
tion !  If  a  bare  majority  of  the  voters  in  any  one 
State  may,  on  a  real  or  supposed  knowledge  of  the 
intent  with  which  a  law  has  been  passed,  declare 
themselves  free  from  its  operation — say  here  it  gives 
too  little,  there  too  much,  and  operates  unequally — 
here  it  suffers  articles  to  be  free  that  ought  to  be 
taxed,  there  it  taxes  those  that  ought  to  be  free — in 
this  case  the  proceeds  are  intended  to  be  applied  to 
purposes  which  we  do  not  approve,  in  that  the 
amount  raised  is  more  than  is  wanted.  Congress,  it 
is  true,  are  invested  bythe  Constitution  with  the 
right  of  deciding  these  questions  according  to  their 
sound  discretion.  Congress  is  composed  of  the  repre- 
sentatives of  all  the  States,  and  of  all  the  people  of 
all  the  States ;  but  WE,  part  of  the  people  of  one 
State,  to  whom  the  Constitution  has  given  no  power 
on  the  subject,  from  whom  it  has  expressly  taken  it 
away — we,  who  have  solemnly  agreed  that  this  Con- 
stitution shall  be  our  law — we,  most  of  whom  have 
sworn  to  support  it — we  now  abrogate  this  law,  and 
swear,  and  force  others  to  swear,  that  it  shall  not  be 
obeyed — and  we  do  this,  not  because  Congress  have 
no  right  to  pass  such  laws ;  this  we  do  not  allege ; 


122  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

but  because  they  have  passed  them  with  improper 
views.  They  are  unconstitutional  from  the  motives 
of  those  who  pass  them,  which  we  can  never  with 
certainty  know,  from  their  unequal  operation; 
although  it  is  impossible  from  the  nature  of  things 
that  they  should  be  equal — and  from  the  disposition 
which  we  presume  may  be  made  of  their  proceeds, 
although  that  disposition  has  not  been  declared. 
This  is  the  plain  meaning  of  the  ordinance  in  rela- 
tion to  laws  which  it  abrogates  for  alleged  unconsti- 
tutionality.  But  it  does  not  stop  here.  It  repeals, 
in  express  terms,  an  important  part  of  the  Constitu- 
tion itself,  and  of  laws  passed  to  give  it  effect,  which 
have  never  been  alleged  to  be  unconstitutional. 
The  Constitution  declares  that  the  judicial  powers  of 
the  United  States  extend  to  cases  arising  under  the 
laws  of  the  United  States,  and  that  such  laws  the 
Constitution  and  treaties  shall  be  paramount  to  the 
State  constitutions  and  laws.  The  judiciary  act  pre- 
scribes the  mode  by  which  the  case  may  be  brought 
before  a  court  of  the  United  States,  by  appeal,  when 
a  State  tribunal  shall  decide  against  this  provision  of 
the  Constitution.  The  ordinance  declares  there 
shall  be  no  appeal ;  makes  the  State  law  paramount 
to  the  Constitution  and  laws  of  the  United  States ; 
forces  judges  and  jurors  to  swear  that  they  will  dis- 
regard their  provisions ;  and  even  makes  it  penal  in 


123 


a  suitor  to  attempt  relief  by  appeal.  It  further 
declares  that  it  shall  not  be  lawful  for  the  authorities 
of  the  United  States,  or  of  that  State,  to  enforce  the 
payment  of  duties  imposed  by  the  revenue  laws 
within  its  limits. 

Here  is  a  law  of  the  United  States,  not  even 
pretended  to  be  unconstitutional,  repealed  by  the 
authority  of  a  small  majority  of  the  voters  of  a  single 
State.  Here  is  a  provision  of  the  Constitution  which 
is  solemnly  abrogated  by  the  same  authority. 

On  such  expositions  and  reasonings,  the  ordi- 
nance grounds  not  only  an  assertion  of  the  right  to 
annul  the  laws  of  which  it  complains,  but  to  enforce 
it  by  a  threat  of  seceding  from  the  Union,  if  any 
attempt  is  made  to  execute  them. 

This  right  to  secede  is  deduced  from  the  nature 
of  the  Constitution,  which  they  say  is  a  compact 
between  sovereign  States,  who  have  preserved  their 
whole  sovereignty,  and  therefore  are  subject  to  no 
superior ;  that  because  they  made  the  compact,  they 
can  break  it  when  in  their  opinion  it  has  been 
departed  from  by  the  other  States.  Fallacious  as 
this  course  of  reasoning  is,  it  enlists  State  pride,  and 
finds  advocates  in  the  honest  prejudices  of  those  who 
have  not  studied  the  nature  of  our  government  suffi- 
ciently to  see  the  radical  error  on  which  it  rests. 

The  people  of.  the  United  States  formed  the  Con- 


124  NATIONAL   FAND-BOOK. 

stitution,  acting  through  the  State  legislatures,  in 
making  the  compact,  to  meet  and  discuss  its  provis- 
ions, and  acting  in  separate  conventions  when  they 
ratified  those  provisions ;  but  the  term  used  in  its 
construction  show  it  to  be  a  government  in  which 
the  people  of  all  the  States  collectively  are  repre- 
sented. We  are  ONE  PEOPLE  in  the  choice  of  the 
President  and  Yice-President.  Here  the  States  have 
no  other  agency  than  to  direct  the  mode  in  which 
the  votes  shall  be  given.  The  candidates  having  the 
majority  of  all  the  votes  are  chosen.  The  electors 
of  a  majority  of  States  may  have  given  their  votes 
for  one  candidate,  and  yet  another  may  be  chosen. 
The  people  then,  and  not  the  States,  are  represented 
in  the  executive  branch. 

In  the  House  of  Representatives  there  is  this 
difference,  that  the  people  of  one  State  do  not,  as  in 
the  case  of  President  and  Yice-President,  all  vote 
for  all  the  members,  each  State  electing  only  its  own 
representatives.  But  this  creates  no  material  distinc- 
tion. When  chosen,  they  are  all  representatives  of 
the  United  States,  not  representatives  of  the  particu- 
lar State  from  which  they  come.  They  are  paid  by 
the  United  States,  not  by  the  State ;  nor  are  they 
accountable  to  it  for  any  act  done  in  performance  of 
their  legislative  functions ;  and  however  they  may 
in  practice,  as  it  is  their  duty  to  do,  consult  and  pre- 


PEESIDENT  JACKSON'S  PROCLAMATION.         125 

for  the  interests  of  their  particular  constituents  when 
they  come  in  conflict  with  any  other  .partial  or  local 
interest,  yet  it  is  their  first  and  highest  duty,  as 
representatives  of  the  United  States,  to  promote  the 
general  good. 

The  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  then, 
forms  a  government^  not  a  league,  and  whether  it  be 
formed  by  compact  between  the  States,  or  in  any 
other  manner,  its  character  is  the  same.  It  is  a  gov- 
ernment in  which  all  the  people  are  represented, 
which  operates  directly  on  the  people  individually, 
not  upon  the  States ;  they  retained  all  the  power 
they  did  not  grant.  But  each  State  having  expressly 
parted  with  so  many  powers  as  to  constitute  jointly 
with  the  other  States  a  single  nation,  can  not  from 
that  period  possess  any  right  to  secede,  because  such 
secession  does  not  break  a  league,  but  destroys  the 
unity  of  a  nation,  and  any  injury  to  that  unity  is  not 
only  a  breach  which  would  result  from  the  contra- 
vention of  a  compact,  but  it  is  an  offense  against  the 
whole  Union.  To  say  that  any  State  may  at  pleas- 
ure secede  from  the  Union,  is  to  say  that  the  United 
States  is  not  a  nation ;  because  it  would  be  a  sole- 
cism to  contend  that  any  part  of  a  nation  might 
dissolve  its  connection  with  the  other  parts,  to  their 
injury  or  ruin,  without  committing  any  offense. 
Secession,  like  any  other  revolutionary  act,  may  be 


126  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

morally  justified  by  the  extremity  of  oppression  ;  but 
to  call  it  a  constitutional  right,  is  confounding  the 
meaning  of  terms,  and  can  only  be  done  through 
gross  error,  or  to  deceive  those  who  are  willing  to 
assert  a  right%  but  would  pause  before  they  made  a 
revolution,  or  incur  the  penalties  consequent  upon  a 
failure. 

Because  the  Union  was  formed  by  compact,  it  is 
said  the  parties  to  that  compact  may,  when  they  feel 
aggrieved,  depart  from  it ;  but  it  is  precisely  because 
it  is  a  compact  that  they  cannot.  A  contract  is  an 
agreement  or  binding  obligation.  It  may  by  its 
terms  have  a  sanction  or  penalty  for  its  breach,  or  it 
may  not.  If  it  contains  no  sanction,  it  may  be 
broken  with  no  other  consequence  than  moral  guilt ; 
if  it  have  a  sanction,  then  the  breach  incurs  the 
designated  or  implied  penalty.  A  league  between 
independent  nations,  generally,  has  no  sanction  other 
than  a  moral  one  ;  or  if  it  should  contain  a  penalty, 
as  there  is  no  common  superior,  it  cannot  be 
enforced.  A  government,  on  the  contrary,  always 
has  a  sanction,  express  or  implied  ;  and,  in  our  case, 
it  is  both  necessarily  implied  and  expressly  given. 
An  attempt  by  force  of  arms  to  destroy  a  goverr.- 
ment  is  an  offense,  by  whatever  means  the  constitu- 
tional compact  may  have  been  formed ;  and  such 
government  has  the  right,  by  the  law  of  self-defense, 


PRESIDENT  JACKSON'S   PROCLAMATION. 


to  pass  acts  for  punishing  the  offender,  unless  that 
right  is  modified,  restrained,  or  resumed  by  the  con- 
stitutional act.  In  our  system,  although  it  is  modi- 
fied in  the  case  of  treason,  yet  authority  is  expressly 
given  to  pass  all  laws  necessary  to  carry  its  powers 
into  effect,  and  under  this  grant  provision  has  been 
made  for  punishing  acts  which  obstruct  the  due 
administration  of  the  laws. 

It  would  seem  superfluous  to  add  anything  to 
show  the  nature  of  that  union  which  connects  us  ; 
but  as  erroneous  opinions  on  this  subject  are  the 
foundation  of  doctrines  the  most  destructive  to  our 
peace,  I  must  give  some  further  development  to  my 
views  on  this  subject.  No  one,  fellow-citizens,  has  a 
higher  reverence  for  the  reserved  rights  of  the  States 
than  the  magistrate  who  now  addresses  you.  ~No 
one  would  make  greater  personal  sacrifices,  or  offi- 
cial exertions,  to  defend  them  from  violation  ;  but 
equal  care  must  be  taken  to  prevent,  on  their  part, 
an  improper  interference  with,  or  resumption  of,  the 
rights  they  have  vested  in  the  nation.  The  line  has 
not  been  so  distinctly  drawn  as  to  avoid  doubts  in 
some  cases  of  the  exercise  of  power.  Men  of  the 
best  intentions  and  soundest  views  may  differ  in 
their  construction  of  some  parts  of  the  Constitution  ; 
but  there  are  others  on  which  dispassionate  reflection 
can  leave  no  doubt.  Of  this  nature  appears  to  be 


128  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

the  assumed  right  of  secession.  It  rests,  as  we  have 
seen,  on  the  alleged  and  undivided  sovereignty  of  the 
States,  and  of  their  having  formed  in  this  sovereign 
capacity  a  compact  which  is  called  the  Constitution, 
from  which,  because  they  made  it,  they  have  the 
right  to  secede.  Both  of  these  positions  are  errone- 
ous, and  some  of  the  arguments  to  prove  them  so 
have  been  anticipated. 

The  States  severally  have  not  retained  -their 
entire  sovereignty.  It  has  been  shown  that  in 
becoming  parts  of  a  nation,  not  members  of  a  league, 
they  surrendered  many  of  their  essential  parts  of 
sovereignty.  The  right  to  make  treaties,  declare 
war,  levy  taxes,  exercise  judicial  and  legislative 
powers,  were  all  functions  of  sovereign  power.  The 
States,  then,  for  all  these  important  purposes,  were 
no  longer  sovereign.  The  allegiance  of  their  citizens 
was  transferred  in  the  first  instance  to  the  govern- 
ment of  the  United  States ;  they  became  American 
citizens,  and  owed  obedience  to  the  Constitution  of 
the  United  States,  and  to  laws  made  in  conformity 
with  the  powers  vested  in  Congress.  This  last  posi- 
tion has  not  been,  and  can  not  be,  denied.  How, 
then,  can  that  State  be  said  to  be  sovereign  and 
independent  whose  citizens  owe  obedience  to  laws 
not  made  by  it,  and  whose  magistrates  are  sworn  to 
disregard  those  laws,  when  they  come  in  conflict 


%    f-*  A  «"*  f 

with  those  passed  by  another  ?  What  shows  conclu- 
sively that  the  States  can  not  be  saidX(£jil&rJ, 
reserved  an  undivided  sovereignty,  is  that  they 
expressly  ceded  the  right  to  punish  treason — not 
treason  against  a  separate  power,  but  treason  against 
the  United  States.  Treason  is  an  offense  against  sov- 
ereignty, and  sovereignty  must  reside  with  the  power 
to  punish  it.  But  the  reserved  rights  of  the  States 
are  not  less  sacred  because  they  have  for  their  com- 
mon interest  made  the  general  government  the 
depository  of  these  powers.  The  unity  of  our  politi- 
cal character  (as  has  been  shown  for  another  pur- 
pose) commenced  with  its  very  existence.  Under 
the  royal  government  we  had  no  separate  character ; 
our  opposition  to  its  oppression  began  as  UNITED 
COLONIES.  We  were  the  UNITED  STATES  under  the 
Confederation,  and  the  name  was  perpetuated  and 
the  Union  rendered  more  perfect  by  the  federal  Con- 
stitution. In  none  of  these  stages  did  we  consider 
ourselves  in  any  other  light  than  as  forming  one 
nation.  Treaties  and  alliances  were  made  in  the 
name  of  all.  Troops  were  raised  for  the  joint 
defense.  How,  then,  with  all  these  proofs,  that 
under  all  changes  of  our  position  we  had,  for  desig* 
nated  purposes  and  with  defined  powers,  created 
national  governments — how  is  it  that  the  most  per- 
fect of  these  several  modes  of  union  should  now  be 


130  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

considered  as  a  mere  league  that  may  be  dissolved  at 
pleasure?  It  is  from  au  abuse  of  terms.  Compact 
is  used  as  synonymous  with  league,  although  the 
true  term  is  not  employed,  because  it  would  at  once 
show  the  fallacy  of  the  reasoning.  It  would  not  do  to 
say  that  our  Constitution  was  only  a  league,  but  it  is 
labored  to  prove  it  a  compact  (which,  in  one  sense,  it 
is),  and  then  to  argue  that  as  a  league  is  a  compact, 
every  compact  between  nations  must,  of  course,  be  a 
league,  and  that  from  such  an  engagement  every 
sovereign  power  has  a  right  to  recede.  But  it  has 
been  shown  that  in  this  sense  the  States  are  not 
sovereign,  and  that  even  if  they  were,  and  the 
national  Constitution  had  been  formed  by  compact, 
there  would  be  no  right  in  any  one  State  to  exone- 
rate itself  from  the  obligation. 

So  obvious  are  the  reasons  which  forbid  this 
secession,  that  it  is  necessary  only  to  allude  to  them. 
The  Union  was  formed  for  the  benefit  of  all.  It  was 
produced  by  mutual  sacrifice  of  interest  and  opinions. 
Can  those  sacrifices  be  recalled  ?  Can  the  States, 
who  magnanimously  surrendered  their  title  to  the 
territories  of  the  West,  recall  the  grant  ?  Will  the 
inhabitants  of  the  inland  States  agree  to  pay  the 
duties  that  may  be  imposed  without  their  assent  by 
those  on  the  Atlantic  or  the  Gulf,  for  their  own 
benefit?  Shall  there  be  a  free  port  in  one  State, 


PRESIDENT  JACKSON^   PROCLAMATION.  131 

and  enormous  duties  in  another?  No  one  believes 
that  any  right  exists  in  a  single  State  to  involve  all 
the  others  in  these  and  countless  other  evils,  contrary 
to  engagements  solemnly  made.  Every  one  must 
see  that  the  other  States,  in  self-defense,  must  oppose 
it  at  all  hazards. 

These  are  the  alternatives  that  are  presented  by 
the  convention  :  A  repeal  of  all  the  acts  for  raising 
revenue,  leaving  the  government  without  the  means 
of  support;  or  an  acquiesce  in  the  dissolution  of  our 
Union  by  the  secession  of  one  of  its  members. 
When  the  first  was  proposed,  it  was  known  that  it 
could  not  be  listened  to  for  a  moment.  It  was 
known  if  force  was  applied  to  oppose  the  execution 
of  the  laws,  that  it  must  be  repelled  by  force — that 
Congress  could  not,  without  involving  itself  in  dis- 
grace and  the  country  in  ruin,  accede  to  the  proposi- 
tion ;  and  yet  if  this  is  not  done  in  a  given  day,  or 
if  any  attempt  is  made  to  execute  the  laws,  the  State 
is,  by  the  ordinance,  declared  to  be  out  of  the  Union. 
The  majority  of  a  convention  assembled  for  the  pur- 
pose have  dictated  these  terms,  or  rather  this 
rejection  of  all  terms,  in  the  name  of  the  people  of 
South  Carolina.  It  is  true  that  the  governor  of  the 
State  speaks  of  the  submission  of  their  grievances  .to  a 
convention  of  all  the  States ;  which,  he  says,  they 
"sincerely  and  anxiously  seek  and  desire."  Yet  this 


132  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

obvious  and  constitutional  mode  of  obtaining  the 
sense  of  the  other  States  on  the  construction  of  the 
federal  compact,  and  amending  it,  if  necessary,  has 
never  been  attempted  by  those  who  have  urged  the 
State  on  to  this  destructive  measure.  The  State 
might  have  proposed  a  call  for  a  general  convention 
to  the  other  States,  and  Congress,  if  a  sufficient  num- 
ber of  them  concurred,  must  have  called  it.  But  the 
first  magistrate  of  South  Carolina,  when  he  expressed 
a  hope  that,  "  on  a  review  by  Congress  and  the  func- 
tionaries of  the  general  government  of  the  merits  of 
the  controversy,"  such  a  convention  will  be  accorded 
to  them,  must  have  known  that  neither  Congress, 
nor  any  functionary  in  the  general  government,  has 
authority  to  call  such  a  convention,  unless  it  be 
demanded  by  two-thirds  of  the  States.  This  sug- 
gestion, then,  is  another  instance  of  the  reckless 
inattention  to  the  provisions  of  the  Constitution  with 
which  this  crisis  has  been  madly  hurried  on ;  or  of 
the  attempt  to  persuade  the  people  that  a  constitu- 
tional remedy  has  been  sought  and  refused.  If  the 
legislature  of  South  Carolina  "  anxiously  desire  "  a 
general  convention  to  consider  their  complaints,  why 
have  they  not  made  application  for  it  in  the  way  the 
Constitution  points  out?  The  assertion  that  they 
"  earnestly  seek  "  it  is  completely  negatived  by  the 
pmission. 


133 


This,  then  is  the  position  in  which  we  stand.  A 
small  majority  of  the  citizens  of  one  State  in  the 
Union  have  elected  delegates  to  a  State  convention  ; 
that  convention  has  ordained  that  all  the  revenue 
laws  of  the  United  States  must  be  repealed,  or  that 
they  are  no  longer  a  member  of  the  Union.  The 
governor  of  that  State  has  recommended  to  the  legis- 
lature the  raising  of  an  army  to  carry  the  secession 
into  effect,  and  that  he  may  be  empowered  to  give 
clearances  to  vessels  in  the  name  of  the  State.  No 
act  of  violent  opposition  to  the  laws  has  yet  been 
committed,  but  such  a  state  of  things  is  hourly  appre- 
hended, and  it  is  the  intent  of  this  instrument  to 
PROCLAIM,  not  only  that  the  duty  imposed  on  me  by 
the  Constitution,  "  to  take  care  that  the  laws  be 
faithfully  executed,"  shall  be  performed  to  the  extent 
of  the  powers  already  vested  in  me  bylaw,  or  of  such 
others  as  the  wisdom  of  Congress  shall  devise  and 
intrust  to  me  for  that  purpose  ;  but  to  warn  the  citi- 
zens of  South  Carolina,  who  have  been  deluded  into 
an  opposition  to  the  laws,  of  the  danger  they  will 
incur  by  obedience  to  the  illegal  and  disorganizing 
ordinance  of  the  convention — to  exhort  those  who 
have  refused  to  support  it  to  persevere  in  their  deter- 
mination to  uphold  the  Constitution  and  laws  of  their 
country,  and  to  point  out  to  all  the  perilous  situa- 
tion into  which  the  good  people  of  that  State  have 


134:  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

been  led,  and  that  the  course  they  are  urged  to  pur- 
sue is  one  of  ruin  and  disgrace  to  the  very  State 
whose  rights  they  effect  to  support. 

Fellow-citizens  of  my  native  State !  let  me  not 
only  admonish  you,  as  the  first  magistrate  of  our 
common  country,  not  to  incur  the  penalty  of  its  laws, 
but  use  the  influence  that  a  father  would  over  his 
children  whom  he  saw  rushing  to  a  certain  ruin.  In 
that  paternal  language,  with  that  paternal  feeling, 
let  me  tell  you,  my  countrymen,  that  you  are  deluded 
by  men  who  are  either  deceived  themselves  or  wish 
to  deceive  yon.  Mark  under  what  pretenses  you 
have  been  led  on  to  the  brink  of  insurrection  and 
treason  on  which  you  stand  !  First  a  diminution  of 
the  value  of  our  staple  commodity,  lowered  by  over- 
production in  other  quarters  and  the  consequent 
diminution  in  the  value  of  your  lands,  were  the  sole 
effect  of  the  tariff  laws.  The  effect  of  those  laws 
was  confessedly  injurious,  but  the  evil  was  greatly 
exaggerated  by  the  unfounded  theory  you  were 
taught  to  believe,  that  its  burdens  were  in  propor- 
tion to  your  exports,  not  to  your  consumption  of 
imported  articles.  Your  pride  was  roused  by  the 
assertions  that  a  submission  to  these  laws  was  a  state 
of  vassalage,  and  that  resistance  to  them  was  equal, 
in  patriotic  merit,  to  the  opposition  our  fathers 
offered  to  the  oppressive  laws  of  Grea.t  Britain.  Ton 


135 


were  told  that  this  opposition  might  be  peaceably — 
might  be  constitutionally  made — that  you  might 
enjoy  all  the  advantages  of  the  Union  and  bear  none 
of  its  burdens.  Eloquent  appeals  to  your  passions, 
to  your  State  pride,  to  your  native  courage,  to  your 
sense  of  real  injury,  were  used  to  prepare  you  for  the 
period  when  the  mask  which  concealed  the  hideous 
features  of  DISUNION  should  be  taken  off.  It  fell,  and 
you  were  made  to  look  with  complacency  on  objects 
which  not  long  since  you  would  have  regarded  with 
horror.  Look  back  to  the  arts  which  have  brought 
you  to  this  state — look  forward  to  the  consequences 
to  which  it  must  inevitably  lead!  Look  back  to 
what  was  first  told  you  as  an  inducement  to  enter 
into  this  dangerous  course.  The  great  political 
truth  was  repeated  to  you  that  you  had  the  revolu- 
tionary right  of  resisting  all  laws  that  were  palpably 
unconstitutional  and  intolerably  oppressive — it  was 
added  that  the  right  to  nullify  a  law  rested  on  the 
same  principle,  but  that  it  was  a  peaceable  remedy ! 
This  character  which  was  given  to  it,  made  you 
receive  with  too  much  confidence  the  assertions  that 
were  made  of  the  unconstitutionally  of  the  law  and 
its  oppressive  effects.  Mark,  my  fellow-citizens,  that 
by  the  admission  of  your  leaders  the  unconstitutioi> 
ality  must  be  palpable,  or  it  will  justify  either  resist- 
ance or  nullification  !  "What  is  the  meaning  of  the 


136  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

word  palpable  in  the  sense  in  which  it  is  here  used  ? 
— that  which  is  apparent  to  every  one,  that  which  no 
man  of  ordinary  intellect  will  fail  to  perceive.  Is 
the  unconstitutionally  of  these  laws  of  that  descrip- 
tion? Let  those  among  your  leaders  who  once 
approved  and  advocated  the  principles  of  protective 
duties,  answer  the  question ;  and  let  them  choose 
whether  they  will  be  considered  as  incapable,  then, 
of  perceiving  that  which  must  have  been  apparent  to 
every  man  of  common  understanding,  or  as  imposing 
upon  our  confidence  and  endeavoring  to  mislead  you 
now.  In  either  case,  they  are  unsafe  guides  in  the 
perilous  path  they  urge  you  to  tread.  Ponder  well 
on  this  circumstance,  and  you  will  know  how  to 
appreciate  the  exaggerated  language  they  address 
to  you.  They  are  not  champions  of  liberty  emulat- 
ing the  fame  of  our  Revolutionary  fathers,  nor  are 
you  an  oppressed  people,  contending,  as  they  repeat 
to  you,  against  worse  than  colonial  vassalage.  You 
are  free  members  of  a  flourishing  and  happy  Union. 
There  is  no  settled  design  to  oppress  you.  You 
have,  indeed,  felt  the  unequal  operation  of  laws 
which  may  have  been  unwisely,  not  unconstitution- 
ally passed  ;  but  that  inequality  must  necessarily  be 
removed.  At  the  very  moment  when  you  were 
madly  urged  on  to  the  unfortunate  course  you  have 
begun,  a  change  in  public  opinion  has  commenced. 


PRESIDENT  JACKSON'S   PROCLAMATION.  137 

The  nearly  approaching  payment  of  the  public  debt, 
and  the  consequent  necessity  of  a  diminution  of 
duties,  had  already  caused  a  considerable  reduction, 
and  that,  too,  on  some  articles  of  general  consump- 
tion in  your  State.  The  importance  of  this  change 
was  underrated,  and  you  were  authoritatively  told 
that  no  further  alleviation  of  your  burdens  was  to  be 
expected,  at  the  very  time  when  the  condition  of  the 
country  imperiously  demanded  such  a  modification 
of  the  duties  as  should  reduce  them  to  a  just  and 
equitable  scale.  But,  as  apprehensive  of  the  effect 
of  this  change  in  allaying  your  discontents,  you  were 
precipitated  into  a  fearful  state  in  which  you  now 
find  yourselves. 

I  have  urged  you  to  look  back  to  the  means  that 
were  used  to  hurry  you  on  to  the  position  you  have 
now  assumed,  and  forward  to  the  consequences  it  will 
produce.  Something  more  is  necessary.  Contem- 
plate the  condition  of  that  country  of  which  you  still 
form  an  important  part ;  consider  its  government 
uniting  in  one  bond  of  common  interest  and  general 
protection  so  many  different  States — giving  to  all 
their  inhabitants  the  proud  title  of  AMERICAN  CITI- 
ZENS— protecting  their  commerce — securing  their 
literature  and  arts — facilitating  their  intercommuni- 
cation— defending  their  frontiers — and  making  their 
name  respected  in  the  remotest  parts  of  the  earth ! 


138  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

Consider  the  extent  of  its  territory,  its  increasing  and 
happy  population,  its  advance  in  arts,  which  render 
life  agreeable,  and  the  sciences  which  elevate  the 
mind!  See  education  spreading  the  lights  of 
religion,  morality,  and  general  information  into  every 
cottage  in  this  wide  extent  of  our  Territories  and 
States !  Behold  it  as  the  asylum  where  the  wretched 
and  the  oppressed  find  a  refuge  and  support !  Look 
on  this  picture  of  happiness  and  honor,  and  say,  WE, 
TOO,  ABE  CITIZENS  OF  AMERICA — Carolina  is  one  of 
these  proud  States  her  arms  have  defended — her  best 
blood  has  cemented  this  happy  Union  !  And  then 
add,  if  you  can,  without  horror  and  remorse,  this 
happy  Union  we  will  dissolve — this  picture  of  peace 
and  prosperity  we  will  deface — this  free  intercourse 
we  will  interrupt — these  fertile  fields  we  will  deluge 
with  blood — the  protection  of  that  glorious  flag  we 
renounce — the  very  name  of  Americans  we  discard. 
And  for  what,  mistaken  men !  For  what  do  you  throw 
away  these  inestimable  blessings — for  what  would  you 
exchange  your  share  in  the  advantages  and  honor 
of  the  Union  ?  For  the  dream  of  a  separate  inde- 
pendence— a  dream  interrupted  by  bloody  conflicts 
with  your  neighbors,  and  a  vile  dependence  on  a  for- 
eign power.  If  your  leaders  could  succeed  in  estab- 
lishing a  separation,  what  would  be  your  situation  ? 
Are  you  united  at  home — are  you  free  from  the 


139 


apprehension  of  civil  discord,  with  all  its  fearful  con- 
sequences ?  Do  our  neighboring  republics,  every 
day  suffering  some  new  revolution  or  contending 
with  some  new  insurrection — do  they  excite  your 
envy  ?  But  the  dictates  of  a  high  duty  oblige  me 
solemnly  to  announce  that  you  can  not  succeed. 
The  laws  of  the  United  States  must  be  executed.  I 
have  no  discretionary  power  on  the  subject — my 
duty  is  emphatically  pronounced  in  the  Constitution. 
Those  who  told  you  that  you  might  peaceably 
prevent  their  execution,  deceived  you — they  could 
not  have  been  deceived  themselves.  They  know 
that  a  forcible  opposition  could  alone  prevent  the 
execution  of  the  laws,  and  they  know  that  such 
opposition  must  be  repelled.  Their  object  is  dis- 
union ;  but  be  not  deceived  by  names  ;  disunion,  by 
armed  force,  is  TREASON.  Are  you  really  ready  to 
incur  this  guilt?  If  you  are,  on  the  head  of  the 
instigators  of  the  act  be  the  dreadful  consequences — 
on  their  heads  be  the  dishonor,  but  on  yours  may  fall 
the  punishment — on  your  unhappy  State  will  inev- 
itably fall  all  the  evils  of  the  conflict  you  force  upon 
the  government  of  your  country.  It  cannot  accede 
to  the  mad  project  of  disunion  of  which  yon  would 
be  the  first  victims — its  first  magistrate  can  not,  if  he 
would,  avoid  the  performance  of  his  duty — the  con- 
sequence must  be  feaiful  for  you,  distressing  to  your 


14:0  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

fellow-citizens  here,  and  to  the  friends  of  good  gov- 
ernment throughout  the  world.  Its  enemies  have 
beheld  our  prosperity  with  a  vexation  they  could  not 
conceal — it  was  a  standing  refutation  of  their  slavish 
doctrines,  and  they  will  point  to  our  discord  with  the 
triumph  of  malignant  joy.  It  is  yet  in  your  power 
to  disappoint  them.  There  is  yet  time  to  show  that 
the  descendants  of  the  Pinckneys,  the  Sumpters,  the 
Hutledges,  and  of  the  thousand  other  names  which 
adorn  the  pages  of  your  revolutionary  history,  will 
not  abandon  that  Union  to  support  which  so  many 
of  them  fought  and  bled  and  died.  I  adjure  you,  as 
you  honor  their  memory — as  you  love  the  cause  of 
freedom,  to  which  they  dedicated  their  lives — as  you 
prize  the  peace  of  your  country,  the  lives  of  its  best 
citizens,  and  your  own  fair  fame,  to  retrace  your 
steps.  Snatch  from  the  archives  of  your  State  the 
disorganizing  edict  of  its  convention — bid  its  mem- 
bers to  re-assemble  and  promulgate  the  decided 
expressions  of  your  will  to  remain  in  the  path  which 
alone  can  conduct  you  to  safety,  prosperity,  and 
honor — tell  them  that  compared  to  disunion,  all 
other  evils  are  light,  because  that  brings  with  it  an 
accumulation  of  all — declare  that  you  will  never  take 
the  field  unless  the  star-spangled  banner  of  your 
country  shall  float  over  you — that  you  will  not  be 
stigmatized  when  dead,  and  dishonored  and  scorned 


JACKSON'S  PEOCLAMATION. 


while  you  live,  as  the  authors  of  the  first  attack  on 
the  Constitution  of  jour  country  |  —  its  destroyers  you 
can  not  be.  You  may  disturb  its  peace  —  you  may 
interrupt  the  course  of  its  prosperity  —  you  may 
cloud  its  reputation  for  stability  —  but  its  tranquillity 
will  be  restored,  its  prosperity  will  return,  and  the 
stain  upon  its  national  character  will  be  transferred 
and  remain  an  eternal  blot  on  the  memory  of  those 
who  caused  the  disorder. 

Fellow-citizens  of  the  United  States  !  the  threat  of 
unhallowed  disunion  —  the  names  of  those,  once  re- 
spected, by  whom  it  is  uttered  —  the  array  of  military 
force  to  support  it  —  denote  the  approach  of  a  crisis  in 
our  affairs  on  which  the  continuance  of  our  unexam- 
pled prosperity,  our  political  existence,  and  perhaps 
that  of  all  free  governments,  may  depend.  The  con- 
jecture demanded  a  free,  a  full,  and  explicit  enuncia- 
tion, not  only  of  my  intentions,  but  of  my  principles 
of  action  ;  and  as  the  claim  "was  asserted  of  a  right  by 
a  State  to  annul  the  laws  of  the  Union,  and  even  to 
secede  from  it  at  pleasure,  a  frank  exposition  of  my 
opinions  in  relation  to  the  origin  and  form  of  our 
government,  and  the  construction  I  give  to  the 
instrument  by  which  it  was  created,  seemed  to  be 
proper.  Having  the  fullest  confidence  in  the  just- 
ness of  the  legal  and  constitutional  opinion  of  my 
duties  which  has  been  expressed,  I  rely  with  equal 


14:2  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

confidence  on  your  undivided  support  in  my  deter- 
mination to  execute  the  laws — to  preserve  the  Union 
by  all  constitutional  means — to  arrest,  if  possible,  b} 
moderate  but  firm  measures,  the  necessity  of  a 
recourse  to  force ;  and,  if  it  be  the  will  of  Heaven 
that  the  recurrence  of  its  primeval  curse  on  man  for 
the  shedding  of  a  brother's  blood  should  fall  upon 
our  land,  that  it  be  not  called  down  by  any  offensive 
act  on  the  part  of  the  United  States. 

Fellow-citizens !  the  momentous  case  is  before 
you.  On  your  undivided  support  of  your  govern- 
ment depends  the  decision  of  the  great  question  it 
involves,  whether  your  sacred  Union  will  be  pre- 
served, and  the  blessing  it  secures  to  us  as  one  people 
shall  be  perpetuated.  No  one  can  doubt  that  the 
unanimity  with  which  that  decision  will  be  expressed, 
will  be  such  as  to  inspire  new  confidence  in  republi- 
can institutions,  and  that  the  prudence,  the  wisdom, 
and  the  courage  which  it  will  bring  to  their  defense, 
will  transmit  them  unimpaired  and  invigorated  to 
our  children. 

May  the  Great  Euler  of  nations  grant  that  the 
signal  blessings  with  which  He  has  favored  ours  may 
not,  by  the  madness  of  party,  or  personal  ambition, 
be  disregarded  and  lost,  and  may  His  wise  provi- 
dence bring  those  who  have  produced  this  crisis  to 
Bee  the  folly,  before  they  feel  the  misery,  of  civil 


143 


strife,  and  inspire  a  returning  veneration  for  that 
Union  which,  if  we  may  dare  to  penetrate  Hia 
designs,  He  has  chosen,  as  the  only  means  of  attain- 
ing the  high  destinies  to  which  we  may  reasonably 
aspire. 

In  testimony  whereof,  I  have  caused  the  seal  of 
the  United  States  to  be  hereunto  affixed,  having 
signed  the  same  with  my  hand. 
Done  at  the  City  of  Washington,  this  10th  day  of 
December,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand 
eight  hundred  and   thirty-two,  and  of  the  inde- 
pendence of  the  United  States  the  fifty-seventh. 

AIOXBEW  JACKSOH. 
By  the  President. 
EDW.  LIVINGSOE,  /Secretary  of /State. 


144  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 


MONEOE  DOCTKINE. 

EXTEAOT  FEOM  PBESIDENT    MONROE'S    ANNUAL    MESSAGE,    WASH- 
INGTON,   DEO.    2,    1823. 

THE  citizens  of  the  United  States  cherish  senti- 
ments the  most  friendly  in  favor  of  the  liberty  and 
happiness  of  their  fellow-men  on  that  side  of  the 
Atlantic.  In  the  wars  of  the  European  powers,  in 
matters  relating  to  themselves,  we  have  never  taken 
any  part,  nor  does  it  comport  with  our  policy  so  to 
do.  It  is  only  when  our  rights  are  invaded,  or  seri- 
ously menaced,  that  we  resent  injuries  or  make  prep 
arations  for  our  defence.  "With  the  movements  in 
this  hemisphere,  we  are,  of  necessity,  more  immedi- 
ately connected,  and  by  causes  which  must  be 
obvious  to  all  enlightened  and  impartial  observers. 
The  political  system  of  the  allied  powers  is  essen- 
tially different,  in  this  respect,  from  that  of  America. 
This  difference  proceeds  from  that  which  exists  in 
their  respective  Governments.  And  to  the  defence 
of  our  own,  which  has  been  achieved  by  the  loss  of 
so  much  blocd  and  treasure,  and  matured  by  the 
wisdom  of  their  most  enlightened  citizens,  and  under 


MONEOE  DOCTKINE.  145 

which  we  have  enjoyed  unexampled  felicity,  this 
whole  nation  is  devoted. 

We  owe  it,  therefore,  to  candor  and  to  the  amic- 
able relations  existing  between  the  United  States  and 
those  powers,  to  declare,  that  we  should  consider 
any  attempt  on  their  part  to  extend  their  system  to 
any  portion  of  this  hemisphere,  as  dangerous  to  our 
peace  and  safety. 

"With  the  existing  colonies  or  dependencies  of  any 
European  power,  we  have  not  interfered,  and  shall 
not  interfere.  But,  with  the  Governments  who 
have  declared  their  independence,  and  maintained 
it,  and  whose  independence  we  have,  on  great  con- 
sideration, and  on  just  principles,  acknowledged,  we 
could  not  view  any  interposition  for  the  purpose  of 
oppressing  them,  or  controlling,  in  any  other  man- 
ner, their  destiny,  by  any  European  power,  in  any 
other  light  than  as  the  manifestation  of  an  un- 
friendly disposition  towards  the  United  States. 

In  the  war  between  those  new  Governments  and 
Spain,  we  declared  our  neutrality  at  the  time  of 
their  recognition,  and  to  this  we  have  adhered,  and 
shall  continue  to  adhere,  provided  no  change  shall 
occur,  which,  in  the  judgment  of  the  competent  au- 
thorities of  this  Government,  shall  make  a  corres- 
ponding change  on  the  part  of  the  United  States, 
indispensable  to  their  security. 


146  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 


THE  DEED  SCOTT  DECISION, 

DEED  BOOTT,  PLAINTIFF  IS  EEEOB,  VS.  JOHN  F.  A.  SANDFOBD. 

THIS  case  was  brought  up  by  writ  of  error,  from 
the  Circuit  Court  of  the  United  States  for  the  district 
of  Missouri. 

It  was  an  action  of  trespass  w  et  armis  instituted 
in  the  Circuit  Court  by  Scott  against  Sanford. 

Prior  to  the  institution  of  the  present  suit,  an 
action  was  brought  by  Scott  for  his  freedom  in  the 
Circuit  Court  of  St.  Louis  county,  (State  court,) 
where  there  was  a  verdict  and  judgment  in  his  favor. 
On  a  writ  of  error  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
State,  the  judgment  below  was  reversed,  and  the 
case  remanded  to  the  Circuit  Court,  where  it  was 
continued  to  await  the  decision  of  the  case  now  in 
question. 

The  declaration  of  Scott  contained  three  counts : 
one,  that  Sandford  had  assaulted  the  plaintiff;  one, 


THE  DEED   SCOTT  DECISION.  147 

that  he  had  assaulted  Harriet  Scott,  his  wife ;  and 
one,  that  he  had  assaulted  Eliza  Scott  and  Lizzie 
Scott,  his  children. 

Sandford  appeared,  and  filed  the  following  plea : 

DEED  SCOTT,          ) 

vs.  >  Plea  to  the  Jurisdiction  of  the  Court. 

JOHN  F.  A.  SANDFOBD.  ) 

APEIL  TEEM,  1854. 

And  the  said  John  F.  A.  Sandford,  in  his  own 
proper  person,  comes  and  says  that  this  court  ought 
not  to  have  or  take  further  cognizance  of  the  action 
aforesaid,  because  he  says  that  said  cause  of  action, 
and  each  and  every  of  them,  (if  any  such  have  ac- 
crued to  the  said  Dred  Scott,)  accrued  to  the  said 
Dred  Scott  out  of  the  jurisdiction  of  this  court,  and 
exclusively  within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  courts  of 
the  State  of  Missouri,  for  that,  to  wit :  the  said  plain- 
tin0,  Dred  Scott,  is  not  a  citizen  of  the  State  of  Mis- 
souri, as  alleged  in  his  declaration,  because  he  is  a 
negro  of  African  descent ;  his  ancestors  were  of  pure 
African  blood,  and  were  brought  into  this  country 
and  sold  as  negro  slaves,  and  this  the  said  Sandford 
is  ready  to  verify.  "Wherefore  he  prays  judgment 
whether  this  court  can  or  will  take  further  cogni- 
zance of  the  action  aforesaid. 

JOHN  F.  A.  SANDFOBD. 


NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

To  this  plea  there  was  a  demurrer  in  the  usual 
form,  which  was  argued  in  April,  1854,  when  the 
court  gave  judgment  that  the  demurrer  should  be 
sustained. 

In  May,  1854,  the  defendant,  in  pursuance  of  an 
agreement  between  counsel,  and  with  the  leave  of 
the  court,  pleaded  in  bar  of  the  action : 

1.  Not  guilty. 

2.  That  the  plaintiff  was  a  negro  slave,  the  law- 
ful property  of  the  defendant,  and,  as  such,  the  de- 
fendant gently  laid  his  hands  upon  him,  and  thereby 
had  only  restrained  him,  as  the  defendant  had  a  right 
to  do. 

3.  That  with  respect  to  the  wife  and  daughters 
of  the  plaintiff,  in  the  second  and  third  counts  of  the 
declaration  mentioned,  the  defendant  had,  as  to  them, 
only  acted  in  the  same  manner,  and  in  virtue  of  the 
same  legal  right. 

In  the  first  of  these  pleas,  the  plaintiff  joined 
issue ;  and  to  the  second  and  third  filed  replications 
alleging  that  the  defendant,  of  his  own  wrong  and 
without  the  cause  in  his  second  and  third  pleas 
alleged,  committed  the  trespasses,  etc. 

The  counsel  then  filed  the  following  agreed  state- 
ment of  facts,  viz.: 

In  the  year  1834,  the  plaintiff  was  a  negro  slave 
belonging  to  Dr.  Emerson,  who  was  a  surgeon  in  the 


THE   DEED    SCOTT   DECISION. 


army  of  the  United  States.  In  that  year,  1834,  said 
Dr.  Emerson  took  the  plaintiff  from  the  State  of 
Missouri  to  the  military  post  at  Rock  Island  in  the 
State  of  Illinois,  and  held  him  there  as  a  slave  until 
the  month  of  April  or  May,  1836.  At  the  time  last 
mentioned,  said  Dr.  Emerson  removed  the  plantiff 
from  said  military  post  at  Hock  Island  to  the  mili- 
tary post  at  Fort  Snelling,  situate  on  the  west  bank 
of  the  Mississippi  river,  in  the  Territory  known  as 
Upper  Louisiana,  acquired  by  the  United  States  of 
France,  and  situate  north  of  the  latitude  of  thirty-six 
degrees  thirty  minutes  north,  and  north  of  the  State 
of  Missouri.  Said  Dr.  Emerson  held  the  plaintiff  in 
slavery  at  said  Fort  Snelling,  from  said  last-men- 
tioned date  until  the  year  1838. 

In  the  year  1835,  Harriet,  who  is  named  in  the 
second  count  of  the  plaintiff's  declaration,  was  the 
negro  slave  of  Major  Taliaferro,  who  belonged  to  the 
army  of  the  United  States.  In  that  year,  1835,  said 
Major  Taliaferro  took  said  Harriet  to  said  Fort 
Snelling,  a  military  post,  situated  as  hereinbefore 
stated,  and  kept  her  there  as  a  slave  until  the 
year  1836,  and  then  sold  and  delivered  her  as  a 
slave  at  said  Fort  Snelling  unto  the  said  Dr.  Em- 
erson hereinbefore  named.  Said  Dr.  Emerson  held 
said  Harriet  in  slavery  at  said  Fort  Snelling  until 
the  year  1838. 


150  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK 

In  the  year  1836,  the  plaintiff  and  said  Harriet, 
at  said  Fort  Snelling,  with  the  consent  of  said  Dr. 
Emerson,  who  then  claimed  to  be  their  master  and 
owner,  intermarried,  and  took  each  other  for  hus- 
band and  wife.  Eliza  and  Lizzie,  named  in  the  third 
count  of  the  plaintiff's  declaration,  are  the  fruit  of 
that  marriage.  Eliza  is  about  fourteen  years  old, 
and  was  born  on  board  the  steamboat  Gipsey,  north 
of  the  north  line  of  the  State  of  Missouri,  and  upon 
the  river  Mississippi.  Lizzie  is  about  seven  years  old, 
and  was  born  in  the  State  of  Missouri,  at  the  mili- 
tary post  called  Jefferson  Barracks. 

In  the  year  1838,  said  Dr.  Emerson  removed  the 
plaintiff  and  said  Harriet  and  their  said  daughter 
Eliza,  from  said  Fort  Snelling  to  the  State  of  Mis- 
souri, where  they  have  ever  since  resided. 

Eefore  the  commencement  of  this  suit,  said  Dr. 
Emerson  sold  and  conveyed  the  plaintiff,  said  Har- 
riet, Eliza,  and  Lizzie,  to  the  defendant,  as  slaves, 
and  the  defendant  has  ever  since  claimed  to  hold 
them  and  each  of  them  as  slaves. 

At  the  times  mentioned  in  the  plaintiff's  declara- 
tion, the  defendant  claiming  to  be  owner  as  aforesaid, 
laid  his  hands  upon  said  plaintiff,  Harriet,  Eliza,  and 
Lizzie,  and  imprisoned  them,  doing  in  this  respect, 
however,  no  more  than  what  he  might  lawfully  do  if 
they  were  of  right  his  slaves  at  such  times. 


THE   DEED   SCOTT   DECISION.  151 

Further  proof  may  be  given  on  the  trial  for  either 
party. 

It  is  agreed  that  Dred  Scott  brought  suit  for  his 
freedom  in  the  Circuit  Court  of  St.  Louis  county ; 
that  there  was  a  verdict  and  judgment  in  his  favor ; 
that  on  a  writ  of  error  to  the  Supreme  Court,  the 
judgment  below  was  reversed,  and  the  same  re- 
manded to  the  Circuit  Court,  where  it  has  been  con- 
tinued to  await  the  decision  of  this  case. 

In  May,  1854,  the  cause  went  before  a  jury,  who 
found  the  following  verdict,  viz.:  "As  to  the  first 
issue  joined  in  this  case,  we  of  the  jury  find  the  de- 
fendant not  guilty ;  and  as  to  the  issue  secondly  above 
joined,  we  of  the  jury  find  that  before  and  at  the 
time  when,  &c.,  in  the  first  count  mentioned,  the  said 
Dred  Scott  was  a  negro  slave,  the  lawful  property 
of  the  defendant ;  and  as  to  the  issue  thirdly  above 
joined,  we,  the  jury,  find  that  before  and  at  the  time 
when,  &c.,  in  the  second  and  third  counts  mentioned, 
the  said  Harriet,  wife  of  said  Dred  Scott,  and  Eliza 
and  Lizzie,  the  daughters  of  the  said  Dred  Scott,  were 
negro  slaves,  the  lawful  property  of  the  defendant." 

Whereupon  the  court  gave  judgment  for  the  de- 
fendant. 

After  an  ineffectual  motion  for  a  new  trial,  the 
plaintiff  filed  the  following  bill  of  exceptions. 

On  the  trial  of  this  cause  by  the  jury,  the  plain- 


152  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

tiff,  to  maintain  the  issues  on  his  part,  read  to  the 
jury  the  following  agreed  statraent  of  facts,  (see 
agreement  above.)  No  farther  testimony  was  given 
to  the  jury  by  either  party.  Thereupon  the  plaintiff 
moved  the  court  to  give  to  the  jury  the  following 
instruction,  viz.: 

"  That  upon  the  facts  agreed  to  by  the  parties, 
they  ought  to  find  for  the  plaintiff.  The  court  re- 
fused to  give  such  instruction  to  the  jury,  and  the 
plaintiff,  to  such  refusal,  then  and  there  duly  ex- 
cepted." 

The  court  then  gave  the  following  instruction  to 
the  jury,  on  motion  of  the  defendant : 

"  The  jury  are  instructed,  that  upon  the  facts  in 
this  case,  the  law  is  with  the  defendant."  The 
plaintiff  excepted  to  this  instruction. 

Upon  these  exceptions,  the  case  came  up  to  this 
court. 

It  was  argued  at  December  term,  1855,  and  or- 
dered to  be  reargued  at  the  present  term. 

The  opinion  of  the  court,  as  delivered  by  Chief 
Justice  Taney,  being  so  lengthy,  we  omit  all  but  the 
summing  up,  to  wit : 

Upon  the  whole,  therefore,  it  is  the  judgment  of 
this  court,  that  it  appears  by  the  record  before  us, 
that  the  plaintiff  in  error  is  not  a  citizen  of  Missouri, 
in  the  sense  in  which  that  word  is  used  in  the  Con- 


THE  DEED  SCOTT  DECISION.  153 

stitution ;  and  that  the  Circuit  Court  of  the  United 
States,  for  that  reason,  had  no  jurisdiction  in  the 
case,  and  could  give  no  judgment  in  it.  Its  judg- 
ment for  the  defendant  must,  consequently,  be 
reversed,  and  a  mandate  issued,  directing  the  suit  to 
be  dismissed  for  want  of  jurisdiction. 


154:  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


PKESIDENTS  AND  YIOE-PKESIDENTS  OF 
THE  UNITED  STATES, 

WITH  THE  VOTE  FOR   EACH   CANDIDATE  FOB   OFFICE. 

BEFORE    THE    REVOLUTION. 

FEBST  CONGRESS,  Sept.  5,  1774.  Peyton  Kan- 
dolph,  of  Yirginia,  President.  Born  in  Yirginia,  in 
1723,  died  at  Philadelphia,  Oct.  22,  1785.  Charles 
Thomson,  of  Pennsylvania,  Secretary.  Born  in 
Ireland,  1730,  died  in  Pennsylvania,  Aug.  16,  1824. 

SECOND  CONGRESS,  May  10,  1775.  Peyton 
Kandolph,  President.  Eesigned  May  24,  1775. 

John  Hancock,  of  Massachusetts,  elected  his 
successor.  He  was  born  at  Quincy,  Mass.,  1737, 
died  Oct.  8, 1793.  He  was  President  of  Congress 
until  October,  1777. 

Henry  Laurens,  of  South  Carolina,  President 
from  Nov.  1,  1777,  to  Dec.  1778.-  He  was  born  at 
Charleston,  S.  C.,  1724,  died  in  South  Carolina, 
Dec.,  1792. 

John  Jay,  of  New  York,  President  from  Dec.  10, 


PBESIDENTS   AUD   VICE-PRESIDENTS. 


155 


1778,  to  Sept.  27,  1779.  He  was  born  in  New  York 
City,  Dec.  12,  1745,  died  at  New  York,  May  17, 
1829. 

Samuel  Huntingdon,  of  Connecticut,  President 
from  Sept.  28,  1779,  until  July  10,  1781.  He  was 
born  in  Connecticut,  in  1732,  died  1796. 

Thos.  McKean,  of  Pennsylvania,  President  from 
July  1781,  until  Nov.  5}  1781.  He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  March  19,  1734,  died  at  Philadelphia, 
June  24,  1817. 

John  Hanson,  of  Maryland,  President  from  Nov. 
5,  1781,  to  Nov.  4, 1782. 

Elias  Boudinot,  of  New  Jersey,  President  from 
Nov.  4,  1782,  until  Feb.  4,  1783.  He  was  bom  at 
Philadelphia,  May  2,  1740,  died  1824. 

Thomas  Mifflin,  of  Pennsylvania,  President  from 
Feb.  4,  1783,  to  Nov.  30,  1784.  Born  at  Philadel- 
phia, 1744,  died  in  the  same  city,  Jan.  21,  1800. 

Richard  Henry  Lee,  of  Virginia,  President  from 
Nov.  30, 1784,  to  Nov.  23,  1785.  He  was  born  in 
Virginia,  1732,  died  1794. 

John  Hancock,  of  Massachusetts,  President  from 
Nov.  23,  1785,  to  June  6,  1786. 

Nathaniel  Gorham,  of  Massachusetts.  President 
from  June  6, 1786,  to  Feb.  2, 1787.  He  was  born  at 
Charlestown,  Mass.,  1738,  died  June  11,  1796. 

Arthur  St.  Clair,  of  Pennsylvania,  President 
from  Feb.  2,  1787,  to  Jan.  28,  1788.  He  was  born 
in  Edinburgh,  Scotland, ,  died  in  1818. 

Cyrus  Griffin,  of  Virginia,  President  from  Jan. 
28,  1788,  to  the  end  of  the  Congress  under  the 


156  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

Confederation,   March  3,   1789.     He  was  born  in 
England,  1748,  died  in  Virginia,  1810. 

CINDER    THE    CONSTITUTION. 

1789  to  1793.— George  Washington,  of  Virginia, 
inaugurated  as  President  of  the  United  States,  April 
30,  1789.  He  was  born  upon  Wakefield  estate, 
Virginia,  Feb.  22,  (llth  old  style,)  1732,  died  at 
Mount  Vernon,  Dec.  14, 1799. 

John  Adams,  of  Massachusetts,  Yice-President. 
Born  at  Braintree,  Mass.,  Oct.  19,  1735,  died  July  4, 
1826,  near  Quincy,  Mass. 

ELECTORAL  VOTE. — Geo.  Washington,  69  ;  John 
Adams,  34 ;  John  Jay,  New  York,  9 ;  E.  H.  Har- 
rison, Maryland,  6 ;  John  Rutledge,  South  Carolina, 
6 ;  John  Hancock,  Massachusetts,  4 ;  Geo.  Clinton, 
New  York,  3 ;  Sam'l  Huntingdon,  Connecticut,  2 ; 
John  Milton,  Georgia,  2 ;  James  Armstrong, 
Georgia,  1 ;  Edward  Telfair,  Georgia,  1 ;  Benj. 
Lincoln,  Massachusetts,  1 — Total,  69.  -Ten  States 
voted, — Rhode  Island,  New  York,  and  North  Caro-" 
lina  not  voting,  not  having  ratified  the  Constitution 
in  time. 

1793  to  1797.— George  Washington,  President, 
inaugurated  March  4,  1793. 

John  Adams,  Yice-President. 

ELECTORAL  VOTE. — Geo.  Washington,  132 ;  John 
Adams,  77 ;  Geo.  Clinton,  50  ;  Thos.  Jefferson,  Yir- 
gia,  4;  Aaron  Burr,  New  York,  1.— Total,  132. 
Fifteen  States  voted. 


PRESIDENTS   AND  VICE-PRESIDENTS.  157 

1797  to  1801. — John,  Adams  President,  inaugu- 
lated  March  4,  1797. 

Thomas  Jefferson,  of  Virginia,  Yice-President. 
Born  at  Shadwell,  Yirginia,  April  13,  1743,  died  at 
Monticello,  Yirginia,  July  4,  1826. 

ELECTORAL  VOTE. — John  Adams,  71 ;  Thomas 
Jefferson,  68  ;  Thomas  Pinckney,  South  Carolina, 
59  ;  Aaron  Burr,  30  ;  Sam'l  Adams,  Massachusetts, 
15 ;  Oliver  Ellsworth,  Connecticut,  11 ;  Geo.  Clin- 
ton, 7;  John  Jay,  5  ;  James  Iredell,  North  Carolina, 
3  ;  George  "Washington,  2  ;  John  Henry,  Maryland, 
2 ;  S.  Johnson,  North  Carolina,  2 ;  Charles  C. 
Pinckney,  South  Carolina,  1. — Total  138.  Sixteen 
States  voting. 

1801  to  1805.— Thomas  Jefferson,  President, 
inaugurated  March  4,  1801. 

Aaron  Burr,  of  New  York  Yice-President.  Born 
at  Newark,  N.  J.,  Feb.  6,  1756,  died  at  Staten 
Island,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  14,  1836. 

ELECTORAL  VOTE. — Thos.  Jefferson,  73 ;  Aaron 
Burr,  73;  John  Adams,  65  ;  Chas.  C.  Pinckney,  64; 
John  Jay  1. — Total,  13.  Sixteen  States  voting. 

There  was  no  choice  by  the  Electoral  colleges,  and 
the  election  was  carried  into  the  House  of  Represen- 
tatives, and  upon  the  36th  ballot,  ten  States  voted  for 
Jefferson,  four  States  for  Aaron  Burr,  and  two  States 
in  blank.  Jefferson  was  declared  to  be  elected 
President,  and  Burr  Yice-President.  The  Constitu- 
tion was  then  amended,  so  that  the  Yice-President 
was  voted  for  separately,  instead  of  being  the  second 
on  the  vote  for  President. 


158  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

1805  to  1809.— Thomas  Jefferson,  President, 
inaugurated  March  4,  1805. 

George  Clinton,  of  New  York,  Yice-President. 
He  was  born  in  Ulster  county,  N.  Y.,  1739,  died  in 
Washington,  D.  C.,  April  20,  1812. 

ELECTORAL  VOTE. — For  President,  Thos.  Jefferson 
162 ;  Chas.  Cotesworth  Pinckney,  14— Total,  176. 
Seven  States  voting.  For  Yice-President,  George 
Clinton,  162;  Eufus  King,  New  York,  14 

1809  to  1813.— James  Madison,  of  Yirginia, 
President,  inaugurated  March  4,  1809.  He  waa 
born  March  16,  1751,  in  Prince  George  county,  Ya., 
and  died  at  Montpelier,  Ya.,  June  28,  1836. 

George  Clinton,  of  New  York,  Yice-President, 
until  his  death,  April  20,  1812. 

ELECTORAL  VOTE. — For  President,  James  Madi- 
Bon,  122 ;  Geo.  Clinton,  6 ;  C.  C.  Pinckney,  47.— 
Total,  175.  Seventeen  States  voting.  For  Yice- 
President,  George  Clinton,  113  ;  James  Madison,  3  ; 
James  Monroe,  Yirginia,  3  ;  John  Langdon,  New 
Hampshire,  9  ;  Rufus  King,  New  York,  47. 

1813  to  1817. — James  Madison,  of  Yirginia,  Presi- 
dent, inaugurated  March  4,  1813. 

Elbridge  Gerry,  of  Massachusetts,  Yice-President, 
until  his  death,  Nov.  23,  1814.  He  was  born  at 
Marblehead,  Mass.,  July  17,  1744,  and  died  at 
Washington,  D.  C. 

ELECTORAL  VOTE. — For  President,  James  Madi- 
son, 128  ;  De  Witt  Clinton,  New  York,  89.— Total, 
217.  Eighteen  States  voting.  For  Yice-President, 
Elbridge  Gerry,  131 ;  Jared  Ingersoll,  Pa.,  86. 


PRESIDENTS   AND   VICE-PRESIDENTS.  159 

1817  to  1821. — James  Monroe,  of  Yirginia,  Presi- 
dent, inaugurated  March.  4,  1817.  He  was  born  in 
Westmoreland  county,  Ya.,  1759,  and  died  in  New 
York,  July  4,  1831. 

Daniel  D.  Tompkins,  of  New  York,  Yice-Presi- 
dent.  Born  June  21,  1774,  at  Fox  Meadows,  N.  Y., 
and  died  at  Staten  Island,  June  11,  1825. 

ELECTORAL  VOTE. — For  President,  James  Monroe, 
183 ;  Eufus  King,  34.— Total,  221.  Nineteen  States 
voting.  For  Yice-President,  Daniel  D.  Tompkins, 
183;  John  Eager  Howard,  Maryland,  22;  James 
Ross,  Pennsylvania,  5  ;  John  Marshall,  Yirginia,  4 ; 
Robt.  Goodloe  Harper,  Maryland,  3. 

1821  to  1825. — James  Monroe,  President,  inaugu- 
rated March  4,  1821. 

Daniel  D.  Tompkins,  Yice-President. 

ELECTORAL  VOTE. — For  President,  James  Monroe, 
231 ;  John  Quincy  Adams,  Massachusetts,  1. — Total, 
232.  Twenty-four  States  voting.  For  Yice-Presi- 
dent, Daniel  D.  Tompkins,  218  ;  Kichard  Stockton, 
New  Jersey,  8 ;  Robert  G.  Harper,  1 ;  Kichard 
Rush,  Pennsylvania,  1 ;  Daniel  Rodney,  Delaware,  1. 

1825  to  1829. — John  Quincy  Adams,  of  Massa- 
chusetts, President,  inaugurated  March  4, 1825.  He 
was  born  at  Quincy,  Massachusetts,  July  11,  1767, 
and  died  at  Washington  City,  Feb.  23,  1848. 

John  Caldwell  Calhoun,  of  South  Carolina,  Yice- 
President.  Born  in  Abbeville  district,  S.  C.,  March 
18,  1782,  and  died  March  31,  1850,  in  Washington 
City. 

POPULAR  VOTE. — For    President,  John    Quincy 


160  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

Adams,  105,321;  Andrew  Jackson,  Tennessee, 
152,899;  Win.  H.  Crawford,  Georgia,  47,265; 
Henry  Clay,  Kentucky,  47,087. 

ELECTORAL  VOTE.— For  President  Andrew  Jack- 
son, 99 ;  John  Quincy  Adams,  84 ;  TVm.  H.  Craw- 
ford, 41 ;  Henry  Clay,  37.— Total,  261.  Twenty- 
four  States  voting. 

There  being  no  choice  by  the  Electoral  colleges, 
the  vote  was  taken  into  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives. Adams  received  the  votes  of  thirteen  States, 
Jackson  seven,  and  Crawford  four.  John  Quincy 
Adams  was  therefore  declared  elected  President. 

For  Yice-President,  the  Electoral  vote  was  John 
C.  Calhoun,  South  Carolina,  182 ;  Nathan  San- 
ford,  New  York,  30 ;  Nathaniel  Macon,  Georgia, 
24;  Andrew  Jackson,  Tennessee,  13;  Martin  Yan 
Buren,  New  York,  9 ;  Henry  Clay,  Kentucky,  2. 

1829  to  1833. — Andrew  Jackson,  of  Tennessee, 
President,  inaugurated  March  4,  1829.  He  was 
born  in  Mecklenburg  county,  N.  C.,  March  15, 1767, 
and  died  at  the  Hermitage,  Tenn.,  June  8,  1845. 

John  Caldwell  Calhoun,  Yice-President,  until  his 
resignation,  Dec.  28,  1832. 

POPULAR  VOTE.—  For  President,  Andrew  Jackson, 
650,028  ;  John  Quincy  Adams,  512,158. 

ELECTORAL  VOTE. — For  President,  Andrew  Jack- 
son, 178 ;  J.  Q.  Adams,  83.— Total,  261.  Twenty- 
four  States  voting. 

For  Yice-President,  John  C.  Calhoun,  171 ; 
Richard  Rush,  Pennsylvania,  83 ;  Wm.  Smith, 
South  Carolina,  7. 


PRESIDENTS   AND   VICE-PRESIDENTS.  161 

1833  to  1837.—  Andrew  Jackson,  President, 
inaugurated  March  4,  1833. 

Martin  Yan  Buren,  of  New  York,  Yice-Presi- 
dent.  He  was  born  at  Kinderhook,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  5, 
1782. 

POPULAR  VOTE. — For  President,  Andrew  Jackson, 
687,502  ;  Henry  Clay,  550,189  ;  Opposition,  (John 
Floyd,  Virginia,  and  Wm.  Wirt,  Maryland,)  33,108. 

ELECTORAL  VOTE. — For  President,  Andrew  Jack- 
son, 219  ;  Henry  Clay,  49 ;  John  Floyd,  11 ;  Wm. 
Wirt,  7.— Total  288.  Twenty-four  States  voting. 

For  Yice-President,  Martin  Yan  Buren,  189 ; 
John  Sergeant,  Pennsylvania,  49  ;  William  Wilkins, 
Pennsylvania,  30 ;  Henry  Lee,  Massachusetts,  11 ; 
Amos  Ellin aker,  Pennsylvania,  7. 

1837  to  1841.— Martin  Yan  Buren,  President, 
inaugurated  March  4,  1837. 

Richard  M.  Johnson,  of  Kentucky,  Yice-Presi- 
dent. He  was  born  in  1780,  and  died  Nov.  19,  1850. 

POPULAR  VOTE. — For  President,  Martin  Yan 
Buren,  762,149 ;  Opposition,  (Wm.  H.  Harrison, 
Hugh  L.  White,  Daniel  Webster,  W.  P.  Mangum,) 
736,736. 

ELECTORAL  VOTE. — For  President,  Martin  Yan 
Buren,  170  ;  Win.  H.  Harrison,  Ohio,  73  ;  Hugh  L. 
White,  Tennessee,  26 ;  Daniel  Webster,  Massachu- 
setts, 14 ;  W.  P.  Mangum,  11.— Total,  294.  Twenty- 
six  States  voting. 

For  Yice-President,  Richard  M.  Johnson,  Ken- 
tucky, 147 ;  Francis  Granger,  New  York,  77 ;  John 
Tyler,  Yirginia,  47 ;  Wm.  Smith,  Alabama,  23. 


162  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

1841  to  1845 — Wm.  Henry  Harrison,  of  Ohio, 
President,  until  his  death,  at  "Washington,  April  4, 
1841.  He  was  inaugurated  March  4,  1841.  He 
was  born  in  Berkeley  county,  Ya.,  Feb.  9,  1773. 

John  Tyler,  of  Virginia,  Yice-President.  He 
was  born  April,  1790,  at  Greenway,  Charles  City 
county,  Ya. 

John  Tyler,  of  Yirginia,  became  President  by  the 
death  of  W.  H.  Harrison.  He  took  the  oath  of 
office  April  6,  1841. 

POPULAR  VOTE — Nov.  1840. — For  President,  Wm. 
Henry  Harrison,  1,274,783;  Martin  Yan  Buren, 
1,128,702 ;  James  G.  Birney,  New  York,  (Abolition,) 
7,609. 

ELECTORAL  VOTE. — For  President,  W.  H.  Harri- 
son, 234;  M.  Yan  Buren,  60.— Total,  294.  Twenty- 
six  States  voting. 

For  Yice-President,  John  Tyler,  234;  Eichard 
M.  Johnson,  48 ;  L.  W.  Tazewell,  South  Carolina, 
11 ;  James  K.  Polk,  Tennessee,  1. 

1845  to  1849.— James  Knox  Polk,  of  Tennessee, 
President,  inaugurated  March  4,  1845.  He  was 
born  in  Mecklenburg  county,  North  Carolina,  Nov. 
2, 1795,  and  died  at  Nashville,  Tennessee,  June  15, 
1849. 

George  Mifflin  Dallas,  of  Pennsylvania,  Yice- 
President.  Born  in  Philadelphia,  July  10,  1792. 

POPULAR  VOTE. — For  President,  James  K.  Polk, 
1,335,834;  Henry  Clay,  1,297,033;  James  G. 
Birney,  62,290. 

ELECTORAL  VOTE. — For  President,  James  K.  Polk, 


PRESIDENTS   AND  VICE-PRESIDENTS.  163 

170;   Henry  Clay,  105.— Total,  275.     Twenty-six 
States  voting. 

For  Yice-President,  George  M.  Dallas,  170; 
Theodore  Frelinghuysen,  of  New  Jersey,  105. 

1849  to  1853. — Zachary  Taylor,  of  Louisiana, 
President,  inaugurated  March  4,  1849.  Born  in 
Virginia,  1784,  died  in  Washington  City,  July  9, 
1850. 

Millard  Fillmore,  of  'New  York,  Yice-President. 
Born  in  Locke  township,  Cayuga  county,  N.  Y., 
Jan.  7,  1800. 

Millard  Fillmore,  President,  after  the  death  of 
Zachary  Taylor,  July  9,  1850.  He  took  the  oath  of 
office,  July  10,  1850. 

POPULAR  VOTE. — For  President,  Zachary  Taylor, 
1,362,031;  Lewis  Cass,  of  Michigan,  1,222,445; 
Martin  Yan  Buren,  (Free-Soil,)  291,455. 

ELECTORAL  VOTE. — For  President,  Zachary  Taylor, 
163 ;  Lewis  Cass,  127.— Total,  290.  Thirty  States 
voting. 

For  Yice-President,  Millard  FiUmore,  163  ;  Wil- 
liam O.  Butler,  Kentucky,  127. 

1853  to  1857. — Franklin  Pierce,  of  New  Hamp- 
shire, President,  inaugurated  March  5,  1853.  He 
was  born  at  Hillsboro,  N.  H.,  Nov.  23,  1804. 

William  R.  King,  of  Alabama,  Yice-President. 
He  was  born  in  North  Carolina,  April  7,  1786,  died 
at  Cahawba,  Ala.,  April  18, 1853. 

POPULAR  VOTE. — For  President,  Franklin  Pierce, 
1,590,490;  Winfield  Scott,  1,378,589;  John  P. 
Hale,  New  Hampshire,  (Abolition,)  157,296. 


164  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

ELECTORAL  VOTE.- — For  President,  Franklin 
Pierce,  254 ;  Winfield  Scott  of  New  Jersey,  42.— 
Total,  296.  Thirty-one  States  voting. 

For  Vice  President,  Wm.  E.  King,  254 ;  Wm.  A. 
Graham,  North  Carolina,  42. 

185T  to  1861. — James  Buchanan,  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, President.  He  was  born  at  Stony  Batter, 
Franklin  county,  Penn.,  April  22,  1791. 

John  C.  Breckenridge,  of  Kentucky,  Yice-Presi- 
dent.  Born  near  Lexington,  Kentucky,  Jan.  21, 
1820. 

POPULAR  VOTE. — For  President,  James  Buchanan, 
Pemocratic.)  1,832,232;  John  C.  Fremont,  Cali- 
fornia, (Republican,)  1,341,514;  Millard  Fillmore, 
New  York,  (American,)  874,707. 

ELECTORAL  VOTE. — For  President,  James  Bu- 
chanan, 174 ;  John  C.  Fremont,  109  ;  Millard  Fill- 
more,  8.— Total,  291.  Thirty-one  States  voting. 

For  Yice-President,  John  Breckenridge,  174 ; 
Wm.  L.  Dayton,  New  Jersey,  109  ;  A.  J.  Donelson, 
Tennessee,  8.— Total,  291. 

1861  to  1865. — Abraham  Lincoln,  of  Illinois, 
President,  inaugurated  March  4,  1861.  He  was 
born  near  Muldraugh's  Hill,  Hardin  county,  Ky., 
Feb.  1809. 

Hannibal  Hamlin,  of  Maine,  Yice-President. 
He  was  born  at  Paris,  Oxford  county,  Me.,  Aug.  27, 
1809. 

POPULAR  VOTE. — For  President,  Abraham  Lin- 
coln, (Republican,)  1,857,610  ;  Stephen  A.  Douglas, 
of  Illinois,  (Democratic,)  1,365,976  ;  John  C.  Breck- 


PRESIDENTS   AND   VICE-PRESIDENTS.  165 

enridge,  of  Kentucky,  (Democratic,)  847,953 ;  John 
Bell,  of  Tennessee,  (Constitutional  Union,)  590,631. 

ELECTORAL  VOTE. — For  President,  Abraham  Lin- 
coln, 180;  John  C.  Breckinridge,  72;  John  Bell, 
39 ;  Stephen  A.  Douglas,  12.— Total,  291.  Thirty- 
three  States  voting. 

For  Yice-President,  Hannibal  Hamlin,  Maine, 
180;  Joseph  Lane,  Oregon,  72;  Edward  Everett, 
Massachusetts,  39 ;  Herschel  Y.  Johnson,  Georgia, 
12. 

1865  to  1869.— Abraham  Lincoln,  President, 
inaugurated  March  4,  1865. 

Andrew  Johnson,  of  Tennessee,  Yice-President. 

POPULAR  VOTE. — For  President,  Abraham  Lincoln, 
(Republican,)  3,213,035;  George  B.  McClellan, 
(Democrat,)  1,811,754. 

Upon  the  assassination  of  President  Lincoln, 
April  14,  1865,  Andrew  Johnson,  then  Yice-Presi- 
dent, assumed  the  Presidency,  and  Lafayette  S. 
Foster,  of  Norwich,  Conn.,  President  of  the  Senate, 
became  Yice-President. 


166  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 


POPULAE  NAMES  OF  STATES, 


Virginia,  the  Old  Dominion. 
Massachusetts,  the  Bay  State. 
Maine,  the  Border  State. 
Ehode  Island,  Little  Bhody. 
New  York,  the  Empire  State. 
New  Hampshire,  the  Granite  State. 
Vermont,  the  Green  Mountain  State. 
Connecticut,  the  Land  of  Steady  Habits. 
Pennsylvania,  the  Keystone  State. 
North  Carolina,  the  Old  North  State. 
Ohio,  the  Buckeye  State. 
South  Carolina,  the  Palmetto  State. 
Michigan,  the  Wolverine  State. 
Kentucky,  the  Corn-Cracker. 
Delaware,  the  Blue  Hen's  Chicken. 
Missouri,  the  Puke  State. 
Indiana,  the  Hoosier  State. 
Illinois,  the  Sucker  State. 
Iowa,  the  Hawkey e  State. 
Wisconsin,  the  Badger  State. 
Florida,  the  Peninsular  State. 
Texas,  the  Lone  Star  State. 


POPULAR   NAMES   OF   STATES.  167 

Mississippi,  the  Bayou  State. 
Louisiana,  the  Creole  State. 
Tennessee,  the  Big  Bend  State. 
Arkansas,  the  Bear  State. 
California,  the  Golden  State. 


168  NATIONAL  HAND-BOOK. 


NEUTKALITY  LAW  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES, 

AS  AMENDED  AND  APPBOVED  BY  OONGEESS,  JULY  26,  1866. 

A  Bill  more  effectually  to  preserve  the  neutral  rela- 
tions of  the  United  States. 

Be  it  enacted,  <&c.,  That  if  any  citizen  of  the 
United  States  shall,  within  the  territory  or  jurisdic- 
tion thereof,  accept  and  exercise  a  commission  to 
serve  a  foreign  prince,  State,  colony,  district,  or  peo- 
ple in  war  by  land  or  by  sea  against  any  prince, 
State,  colony,  district  or  people  with  whom  the 
United  States  are  at  peace,  the  person  so  offending 
shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a -misdemeanor,  and  shall 
on  conviction  thereof  be  punished  by  a  fine  of  not 
exceeding  $2,000  and  imprisonment  not  exceeding 
two  years,  or  either,  at  the  discretion  of  the  Court  in 
which  such  offender  may  be  convicted. 

SEC.  2.  And  le  it  further  enacted,  That  if  any 


NEUTRALITY   LAW.  169 

person  shall,  within  the  territory  or  jurisdiction  of 
the  United  States  enlist,  or  enter  himself,  or  hire  or 
retain  another  person  to  enlist  or  enter  himself,  or  to 
go  beyond  the  limits  or  jurisdiction  of  the  United 
States,  with  intent  to  be  enlisted  or  entered  into  the 
service  of  any  foreign  prince,  State,  colony,  district 
or  people  as  a  soldier,  or  as  a  marine  or  seaman  on 
board  of  any  vessel-of-war,  letter-of-marque  or  priva- 
teer, every  person  so  offending  shall  be  deemed  guilty 
of  a  misdemeanor,  and  shall  upon  conviction  therefor 
be  punished  by  fine  not  exceeding  $1,000,  and  im- 
prisonment not  exceeding  two  years,  or  either  of 
them,  at  the  discretion  of  the  Court,  in  case  such 
offender  shall  be  convicted;  provided  that  this  act 
shall  not  be  construed  to  extend  to  any  subject  or 
citizen  of  any  foreign  prince,  State,  colony,  district 
or  people,  who  shall  transiently  be  within  the  United 
States,  and  shall  be  on  board  of  any  vessel  of  war, 
letter-of-marque  or  privateer,  which,  at  the  time  of 
its  arrival  within  the  United  States,  was  fitted  and 
equipped  as  such,  enlist  or  enter  himself,  and  hire  or 
retain  another  subject  or  citizen  of  the  same  foreign 
prince,  State,  colony,  district  or  people,  who  is  tran- 
siently in  the  United  States,  to  enlist  or  enter  himself 
to  serve  such  foreign  prince,  State,  colony,  district  or 
people,  on  board  such  vessel  of  war,  letter-of-marque 
or  privateer,  if  the  United  States  shall  then  be  at 


170  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

peace  with  such  foreign  prince,  State,  colony,  district 
or  people. 

SEC.  3.  And  be  it  further  enacted^  That  if  any 
person  shall  within  the  limits  of  the  United  States  fit 
out  and  arm  or  attempt  to  fit  out  and  arm,  or  pro- 
cure to  be  fitted  out  and  armed,  or  shall  knowingly 
be  concerned  in  the  furnishing,  fitting  out  and  arm- 
ing of  any  ship  or  vessel  with  intent  that  such  ship 
or  vessel  shall  be  employed  in  the  service  of  any  for- 
eign prince,  State,  colony,  district  or  people,  to  cruise 
or  commit  hostilities  against  the  subjects,  citizens  or 
property  of  any  foreign  prince,  State,  or  any  colony, 
district  or  people  with  whom  the  United  States  are 
at  peace,  or  shall  issue  or  deliver  a  commission  within 
the  territory  or  jurisdiction  of  the  United  States  for 
any  ship  or  vessel  to  the  intent  that  she  may  be  em- 
ployed as  aforesaid,  or  shall  have  on  board  any  per- 
son or  persons  who  shall  have  been  enlisted,  or  shall 
have  engaged  to  enlist  or  serve  or  shall  be  departing 
from  the  jurisdiction  of  the  United  States  with  intent 
to  enlist  or  serve  in  contravention  of  the  provisions 
of  this  act,  every  person  so  offending  shall  be  deemed 
guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  shall,  upon  conviction 
thereof,  be  punished  by  a  fine  not  exceeding  $3,000, 
and  imprisonment  not  exceeding  three  years,  or 
either  of  them,  at  the  discretion  of  the  Court  in 
which  such  offender  shall  be  convicted ;  and  every 


NEUTRALITY  LAW.  171 

such  ship  and  vessel,  with  her  tackle,  apparel  and 
furniture,  together  with  all  materials,  arms,  ammu- 
nition and  stores  which  may  have  been  procured  for 
the  building  and  equipment  thereof,  shall  be  foffeited 
to  the  United  States  of  America. 

SEC.  4.  And  ~be  it  further  enacted ',  That  it  shall 
be  lawful  for  any  Collector  of  the  Customs  who  is  by 
law  empowered  to  make  seizures  for  any  forfeiture 
incurred  under  any  of  the  laws  of  Customs,  to  seize 
such  ships  and  vessels  in  such  places  and  in  such 
manner  in  which  the  officers  of  the  Customs  are  em- 
powered to  make  seizures  under  the  law  for  the  col- 
lection and  protection  of  the  revenue,  and  that  every 
such  ship  and  vessel,  with  the  tackle,  apparel  and 
furture,  together  with  all  the  materials,  arms,  ammu- 
nition and  stores  which  may  belong  to  or  be  on  board 
such  ship  or  vessel,  may  be  prosecuted  or  condemned 
for  the  violation  of  the  provisions  of  this  act  in  like 
manner  as  ships  or  vessels  may  be  prosecuted  and 
condemned  for  any  breach  of  the  laws  made  for  the 
collection  and  protection  of  the  revenue. 

SEC.  5.  And  "be  it  further  enacted.  That  if  any 
person  shall  within  the  territory  or  jurisdiction  of  the 
United  States,  increase  or  augment,  or  procure  to  be 
increased  or  augmented,  or  shall  knowingly  be  con- 
cerned in  increasing  or  augmenting  the  force  of  any 
ship  of  war,  or  cruiser,  or  other  armed  vessel,  which 


172  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

at  the  time  of  her  arrival  within  the  United  States 
was  a  ship  of  war,  or  cruiser,  or  armed  vessel  in  the 
service  of  any.  foreign  prince,  State,  colony,  district 
or  pex>ple,  or  belonged  to  the  subjects  or  citizens  of 
any  such  prince,  State,  colony,  district  or  people,  the 
same  being  at  war  with  any  foreign  prince,  State, 
colony,  district  or  people  with  whom  the  United 
States  are  at  peace,  by  adding  to  the  number  of  guns 
of  such  vessel,  or  by  changing  those  on  board  of  her 
for  guns  of  a  larger  calibre,  or  by  addition  thereto  of 
any  equipment  solely  applicable  to  war,  or  shall 
have  on  board  any  person  or  persons  who  shall  have 
enlisted,  or  engaged  to  enlist  or  serve,  or  who  shall 
be  departing  from  the  jurisdiction  of  the  United 
States  with  intent  to  enlist  or  serve  in  contravention 
of  the  provisions  of  this  act ;  every  person  so  offend- 
ing shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and 
shall  upon  conviction  thereof  be  punished  by  fine  or 
imprisonment,  or  either  of  them,  at  the  discretion  of 
the  court  in  which  such  offender  shall  be  convicted. 

SEC.  6.  And  be  it  further  enacted,  That  the  Dis- 
trict Courts  shall  take  cognizance  of  all  complaints, 
informations,  indictments,  or  other  prosecutions,  by 
whomsoever  instituted,  in  cases  of  captures  made 
within  the  waters  of  the  United  States  or  within  a 
marine  league  of  the  coasts  or  shores  thereof. 

SEC.  Y.  And  le  it  further  enacted,  That  in  every 


NEUTRALITY   LAW.  173 

case  In  which  a  vessel  shall  be  fitted  out  and  armed, 
or  in  which  the  force  of  any  vessel  of  war,  cruiser,  or 
other  armed  vessel  shall  be  increased  or  augmented, 
in  every  case  of  the  capture  of  a  ship  or  vessel  within 
the  jurisdiction  or  protection  of  the  United  States,  as 
before  defined,  and  in  every  case  in  which  any  pro- 
cess issuing  out  of  any  court  of  the  United  States 
shall  be  disobeyed  or  resisted  by  any  person  or  per- 
sons having  the  custody  of  any  vessel  of  war,  cruiser 
or  other  armed  vessel  of  any  prince  or  State,  or  of 
any  colony,  district  or  people,  or  of  any  subjects  or 
citizens  of  any  foreign  prince,  State,  or  of  any  colony, 
district  or  people  in  any  such  case,  it  shall  be  lawful 
for  the  President  of  the  United  States,  or  such  other 
person  as  he  shall  have  empowered  for  that  purpose 
to  employ  such  part  of  the  land  and  naval  forces  of 
the  United  States  or  of  the  militia  thereof,  for  the 
purpose  of  taking  of  and  detaining  any  such  ship  or 
vessel  with  her  prize  or  prizes,  if  any,  in  order  to 
the  execution  of  the  prohibition  or  penalties  of  this 
act,  and  to  the  restoring  the  prize  or  prizes  in  the 
cases  in  which  restoration  shall  have  been  adjudged. 
SEC.  8.  And  "be  it  fuiher  enacted,  That  it  shall 
be  lawful  for  the  President  of  the  United  States,  or 
such  person  as  he  shall  empower  for  that  purpose, 
to  employ  such  part  of  the  land  and  naval  forces  of 
the  United  States,  or  of  the  militia  thereof,  as  shall 


174:  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

be  necessary  to  compel  any  foreign  ship  or  vessel  to 
depart  the  United  States  in  all  cases  in  which,  by 
the  laws  of  nations  or  the  treaties  of  the  United 
States  they  ought  not  to  remain  within  the  United 
States. 

SEC.  9.  And  "be  it  further  enacted,  That  offences 
made  punishable  by  the  provisions  of  this  act,  com- 
mitted by  citizens  of  the  United  States,  beyond  the 
jurisdiction  of  the  Uuited  States,  may  be  prosecuted 
and  tried  before  any  court  having  jurisdiction  of  the 
offences  prohibited  by  this  act. 

SEC.  10.  And  fie  it  further  enacted,  That  noth- 
ing in  this  act  shall  be  so  construed  as  to  prohibit 
citizens  of  the  United  States  from  selling  vessels, 
ships  or  steamers  built  within  the  limits  thereof,  or 
materials  or  munitions  of  war,  the  growth  or  product 
of  the  same,  to  inhabitants  of  other  countries,  or  to 
Governments  not  at  war  with  the  United  States : 
provided  that  the  operation  of  this  section  of  this  act 
shall  be  suspended  by  the  President  of  the  United 
States  with  regard  to  any  classes  of  purchases,  when- 
ever the  United  States  shall  be  engaged  in  war,  or 
whenever  the  maintenance  of  friendly  relations  with 
any  foreign  nation  may  in  his  judgment  require  it. 

SEC.  11.  And  fie  it  further  enacted,  That  noth- 
ing in  the  foregoing  act  shall  be  construed  to  prevent 
the  prosecution  or  punishment  of  treason,  or  any 


NEUTRALITY  LAW.  175 

piracy  or  other  felony  defined  by  the  laws  of  the 
United  States. 

SEC.  12.  And  be  it  further  enacted.  That  all  acts 
and  parts  of  acts  inconsistent  with  the  provisions  of 
this  act  or  inflicting  any  further  or  other  penalty  or 
forfeiture  than  are  hereinbefore  provided  for.  The 
acts  forbidden  herein  are  hereby  repealed. 


176 


NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


STATES.  1850.  1860. 

Alabama 771,623  964,296 

Arkansas 209,897  435,427 

California 92,597  380,015 

Connecticut 370, 792  460, 151 

Delaware 91,532  112,218 

Florida 87,445  140,439 

Georgia 906,185  1,057,327 

Illinois 851,470  1,711,753 

Indiana 988,416  1,350,479 

Iowa 192,214  674,948 

Kansas 107,710 

Kentucky 982,405  1,155,713 

Louisiana 517,762  709,433 

Maine 583,169  628,276 

Maryland 583,034  687,034 

Massachusetts 994,514  1,231,065 

Michigan 397,654  749,112 

Minnesota G,077  162,022 

Mississipi 606,026  791,895 

Missouri 682,044  1,173,317 

New  Hampshire 317,976  326,072 

New  Jersey 489,555  672,031 

New  York 3,097,394  3,887,542 

North  Carolina 869,039  992,667 

Ohio 1,980,329  2,339,599 


SLAVE   POPULATION. 


177 


STATES.                             1850.  1860. 

Oregon 12,093  52,464 

Pennsylvania 2,311,786  2,906,370 

Rhode  Island 147, 545  174, 621 

South  Carolina 668,507  703,812 

Tennessee 1,002,717  1,109,847 

Texas 212,592  601,039 

Vermont 314,120  315,116 

Virginia 1,421,661  1,596,083 

"Wisconsin 305,391  775,873 

TEEMTOEIES,  ETC. 

Colorado 34,197 

Dakotah 4,889 

Nebraska 28,842 

Nevada 6,857 

New  Mexico 61,547  93,541 

Utah 11,380       .        40,295 

Washington 1,201  11,578 

District  of  Columbia 51,687  75, 076 


Total 23,191,876         31,429,891 


SLAVE  POPULATION  IN  THE  U.  S.  IN  1860. 


STATES.                               1850.  1860. 

Alabama 342,844  435,132 

Arkansas. 47,100  111,104 

Delaware 2,290  1,798 

Florida 39,310  61,753 

Georgia 381,682  462,230 

Kentucky' 210,981  225,490 

Louisiana 244,809  332,520 

Maryland 90,368  87,188 

Mississippi 309,878  436,696 

Missouri 87,422  114,965 


178  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

STATES.  1850. 

North  Carolina  ..............  288,548 

South  Carolina  ..............  384,  984 

Tennessee  ..................  239,459 

Texas  .....................     58,161 

Virginia  ....................  472,528 

Nebraska  (Territory)  .......... 

Utah  "          .......... 

New  Mexico   "          ........  26 

District  of  Columbia  .........       3,687 


Total  ........  3,204,077        3,952,801 


STATISTICS    OF    SLAVERY    BEFORE    THE 
REVOLUTION.. 

AMEBIOAN  8LAVEEY  IN   1715. 

In  the  reign  of  George  I.,  the  ascertained  popula- 
tion of  the  Continental  Colonies  was  as  follows  : 

White  Men.  Negro  Slaves. 

New  Hampshire 9,500  150 

Massachusetts 94,000  2,000 

Rhode  Island 7,500  500 

Connecticut 46,000  1,500 

New  York 27,000  4,000 

Pennsylvania 43,300  2,500 

New  Jersey 21,000  1,500 

Maryland 40,700  9,400 

Virginia 72,000  23,000 

North  Carolina 7, 500  3 , 700 

South  Carolina 6,250  10,500 

Total 875,000         58,550 


SPEECH  OF  HON.    STEPHEN  A.   DOUGLAS.  179 


SPEECH  OF  HON.  STEPHEN  A.  DOUGLAS. 

DELIVERED   AT  CHICAGO,    MAT   1ST,    1861. 

MR.  CHAIRMAN  :  I  tliank  you  for  the  kind  terms 
in  which  you  have  been  pleased  to  welcome  me.  I 
thank  the  Committee  and  citizens  of  Chicago  for  this 
grand  and  imposing  reception.  I  beg  you  to  believe 
that  I  will  not  do  you  nor  myself  the  injustice  to 
believe  this  magnificent  ovation  is  personal  homage 
to  myself.  I  rejoice  to  know  that  it  expresses  your 
devotion  to  the  Constitution,  the  Union,  and  the  flag 
of  our  country.  (Cheers.) 

I  will  not  conceal  gratification  at  the  uncontro- 
vertible  test  this  vast  audience  presents — that  what 
political  differences  or  party  questions  may  have 
divided  us,  yet  you  all  had  a  conviction  that  when 
the  country  should  be  in  danger,  my  loyalty  could  be 
relied  on.  That  the  present  danger  is  imminent,  no 
man  can  conceal.  If  war  must  come — if  the  bayonet 
must  be  used  to  maintain  the  Constitution — I  can 


1.80  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

say  before  God  *ny  conscience  is  clean.  I  have 
struggled  long  for  a  peaceful  solution  of  the  difficulty. 
I  have  not  only  tendered  those  States  what  was 
theirs  of  right,  but  I  have  gone  to  the  very  extreme 
of  magnanimity. 

The  return  we  receive  is  war,  armies  marched 
upon  our  capital,  obstructions  and  dangers  to  our 
navigation,  letters  of  marque  to  invite  pirates  to  prey 
upon  our  commerce,  a  concerted  movement  to  blot 
out  the  United  States  of  America  from  the  map  of 
the  globe.  The  question  is,  Are  we  to  maintain  the 
country  of  our  fathers,  or  allow  it  to  be  stricken 
down  by  those  who,  when  they  can  no  longer  govern, 
threaten  to  destroy  ? 

"What  cause,  what  excuse  do  disunionists  give  us 
for  breaking  up  the  best  Government  on  which  the 
sun  of  heaven  ever  shed  its  rays  ?  They  are  dissatis- 
fied with  the  result  of  a  Presidential  election.  Did 
they  never  get  beaten  before  ?  Are  we  to  resort  to 
the  sword  when  we  get  defeated  at  the  ballot  box  ? 
I  understand  it  that  the  voice  of  the  people  expressed 
in  the  mode  appointed  by  the  Constitution  must 
command  the  obedience  of  every  citizen.  They 
assume,  on  the  election  of  a  particular  candidate, 
that  their  rights  are  not  safe  in  the  Union.  "What 
evidence  do  they  present  of  this  ?  I  defy  any  man 
to  show  any  act  on  which  it  is  based.  What  act  has 


SPEECH   OF   HON.    STEPHEN   A.    DOUGLAS.  181 

been  omitted  to  be  done  ?  I  appeal  to  these  assem- 
bled thousands  that  so  far  as  the  constitutional  rights 
of  the  Southern  States,  I  will  say  the  constitutional 
rights  of  slaveholders,  are  concerned,  nothing  has 
been  done,  and  nothing  omitted,  of  which  they  can 
complain. 

There  has  never  been  a  time  from  the  day  that 
Washington  was  inaugurated  first  President  of  these 
United  States,  when  the  rights  of  the  Southern 
States  stood  firmer  under  the  laws  of  the  land  than 
they  do  now ;  there  never  was  a  time  when  they  had 
not  as  good  a  cause  for  disunion  as  they  have  to-day. 
What  good  cause  have  they  now  that  has  not  existed 
under  every  Administration  ? 

If  they  say  the  Territorial  question — now,  for  the 
first  time,  there  is  no  act  of  Congress  prohibiting 
slavery  anywhere.  If  it  be  the  non-enforcement  of 
the  laws,  the  only  complaints  that  I  have  heard  have 
been  of  the  too  vigorous  and  faithful  fulfilment  of 
the  Fugitive  Slave  Law.  Then  what  reason  have 
they? 

The  slavery  question  is  a  mere  excuse.  The 
election  of  Lincoln  is  a  mere  pretext.  The  present 
secession  movement  is  the  result  of  an  enormous  con- 
spiracy formed  more  than  a  year  since—  formed  by 
leaders  in  the  Southern  Confederacy  more  than 
twelve  mouths  ago. 


182  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

They  use  the  Slavery  question  as  a  means  to  aid 
the  accomplishment  of  their  ends.  They  desired  the 
election  of  a  Northern  candidate,  by  a  sectional  vote, 
in  order  to  show  that  the  two  sections  cannot  live 
together.  When  the  history  of  the  two  years  from 
the  Lecompton  charter  down  to  the  Presidential 
election  shall  be  written,  it  will  be  shown  that  the 
scheme  was  deliberately  made  to  break  np  this 
Union. 

They  desired  a  Northern  Republican  to  be  elected 
by  a  purely  Northern  vote,  and  then  assign  this  fact 
as  a  reason  why  the  sections  may  not  longer  live 
together.  If  the  disunion  candidate  in  the  late  Presi- 
dential contest  had  carried  the  united  South,  their 
scheme  was,  the  Northern  candidate  successful,  to 
seize  the  Capital  last  spring,  and  by  a  united  South 
and  divided  North  hold  it.  That  scheme  was 
defeated  in  the  defeat  of  the  disunion  candidate  in 
several  of  the  Southern  States. 

But  this  is  no  time  for  a  detail  of  causes.  The 
conspiracy  is  now  known.  Armies  have  been  raised, 
war  is  levied  to  accomplish  it.  There  are  only  two 
sides  to  the  question.  Every  man  must  be  for  the 
United  States  or  against  it.  There  can  be  no  neu- 
trals in  this  war ;  only  patriots — or  traitors. 

Thank  God,  Illinois  is  not  divided  on  this  ques- 
tion. (Cheers.)  I  know  they  expected  to  present  a 


SPEECH  OF  HON.  STEPHEN  A.  DOUGLAS.    183 

united  South  against  a  divided  North.  They  hoped 
in  the  Northern  States,  party  questions  would  bring 
civil  war  between  Democrats  and  Republicans,  when 
the  South  would  step  in  with  her  cohorts,  aid  one 
party  to  conquer  the  other,  and  then  make  easy  prey 
of  the  victors.  Their  scheme  was  carnage  and  civil 
war  in  the  North. 

There  is  but  one  way  to  defeat  this.  In  Illinois 
it  .is  being  so  defeated  by  closing  up  the  ranks.  War 
will  thus  be  prevented  on  our  own  soil.  While  there 
was  a  hope  of  peace,  I  was  ready  for  any  reasonable 
sacrifice  or  compromise  to  maintain  it.  But  when 
the  question  comes  of  war  in  the  cotton-fields  of  the 
South,  or  the  corn-fields  of  Illinois,  I  say  the  farther 
off  the  better. 

We  can  not  close  our  eyes  to  the  sad  and  solemn 
fact  that  war  does  exist.  The  Government  must  be 
maintained,  its  enemies  overthrown,  and  the  more 
stupendous  our  preparations  the  less  the  bloodshed, 
and  the  shorter  the  struggle.  But  we  must  remember 
certain  restraints  on  our  action  even  in  time  of  war. 
We  are  a  Christian  people,  and  the  war  must  be 
prosecuted  in  a  manner  recognized  by  Christian 
nations. 

We  must  not  invade  Constitutional  rights.  The 
innocent  must  not  suffer,  nor  women  and  children  be 
the  victims.  Savages  must  not  be  let  loose.  But 


184:  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

while  I  sanction  no  war  on  the  rights  of  others,  I  will 
implore  my  countrymen  not  to  lay  down  their  arms 
until  our  own  rights  are  recognized.  (Cheers.) 

The  Constitution  and  its  guarantees  are  our  birth- 
right, and  I  am  ready  to  enforce  that  inalienable 
right  to  the  last  extent.  "We  can  not  recognize  seces- 
sion. Recognize  it  once,  and  you  have  not  only 
dissolved  government,  bat  you  have  destroyed  social 
order — upturned  the  foundations  of  society.  You 
have  inaugurated  anarchy  in  its  worst  form,  and  will 
shortly  experience  all  the  horrors  of  the  French 
Revolution. 

Then  we  have  a  solemn  duty — to  maintain  the 
Government.  The  greater  our  unanimity,  the 
speedier  the  day  of  peace.  "We  have  prejudices  to 
overcome  from  the  few  short  months  since  of  a  fierce 
party  contest.  Yet  these  must  be  allayed.  Let  us 
lay  aside  all  criminations  and  recriminations  as  to 
the  origin  of  these  difficulties.  When  we  shall  have 
again  a  country  with  the  United  States  flag  floating 
over  it,  and  respected  on  every  inch  of  American 
soil,  it  will  then  be  time  enough  to  ask  who  and 
what  brought  all  this  upon  us. 

I  have  said  more  than  I  intended  to  say.  (Cries 
of  "  Go  on.")  It  is  a  sad  task  to  discuss  questions  so 
fearful  as  civil  war ;  but  sad  as  it  is,  bloody  and  dis- 
astrous as  I  expect  it  will  be,  I  express  it  as  my 


SPEECH  OF   HON.    STEPHEN  A.  DOUGLAS.          185 

conviction  before  God,  that  it  is  the  duty  of  every 
American  citizen  to  rally  round  the  flag  of  his 
country. 

I  thank  you  again  for  this  magnificent  demonstra- 
tion. By  it  you  show  you  have  laid  aside  party 
strife.  Illinois  has  a  proud  position — United,  firm, 
determined  never  to  permit  the  Government  to  be 
destroyed.  (Prolonged  cheering.) 


186  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 


PEESIDENT    LINCOLN'S    FIEST  CALL   FOE 
TEOOPS, 

APEIL  15TH,    1861. 

Whereas,  the  laws  of  the  United  States  have  been 
for  some  time  past,  and  now  are,  opposed,  and  the 
execution  thereof  obstructed,  in  the  States  of  South 
Carolina,  Georgia,  Alabama,  Florida,  Mississippi, 
Louisiana,  and  Texas,  by  combinations  too  powerful 
to  be  suppressed  by  the  ordinary  course  of  judicial 
proceedings,  or  by  the  powers  vested  in  the  marshals 
by  law  ;  now,  therefore,  I,  Abraham  Lincoln,  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States,  in  virtue  of  the  power  in 
me  vested  by  the  Constitution  and  the  laws,  have 
thought  fit  to  call  forth  the  Militia  of*the  several 
States  of  the  Union  to  the  aggregate  number  of 
75,000,  in  order  to  suppress  said  combinations,  and 
to  cause  the  laws  to  be  duly  executed. 

The  details  for  this  object  will  be  immediately 
communicated  to  the  State  authorities  through  the 


PRESIDENT  LINCOLN'S   CALL   FOR  TROOPS.          187 

War  Department.  I  appeal  to  all  loyal  citizens  to 
favor,  facilitate,  and  aid,  this  effort  to  maintain  the 
honor,  the  integrity,  and  existence,  of  our  national 
Union,  and  the  perpetuity  of  popular  govemrnent, 
and  to  redress  wrongs  already  long  enough  endured. 
I  deem  it  proper  to  say  that  the  first  service  assigned 
to  the  forces  hereby  called  forth  will  probably  be  to 
repossess  the  forts,  places,  and  property  which  have 
been  seized  from  the  Union ;  and  in  every  event  the 
utmost  care  will  be  observed,  consistently  with  the 
objects  aforesaid,  to  avoid  any  devastation,  any 
destruction  of,  or  interference  with  property,  or  any 
disturbance  of  peaceful  citizens  of  any  part  of  the 
country ;  and  I  hereby  command  the  persons  compos- 
ing .the  combinations  aforesaid,  to  disperse  and  retire 
peaceably  to  their  respective  abodes,  within  twenty 
days  from  this  date. 

Deeming  that  the  present  condition  of  public 
affairs  presents  an  extraordinary  occasion,  I  do  hereby, 
in  virtue  of  the  power  in  me  vested  by  the  Constitu- 
tion, convene  both  houses  of  Congress.  The  Sena- 
tors and  Representatives  are,  therefore,  summoned  to 
assemble  at  their  respective  chambers  at  twelve 
o'clock,  noon,  on  Thursday,  the  fourth  day  of  July 
next,  then  and  there  to  consider  and  determine  such 
measures  as,  in  their  wisdom,  the  public  safety  and 
interest  may  seem  to  demand. 


188  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

In  witness  whereof,  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand, 
and  caused  the  seal  of  the  United  States  to  be  affixed. 
Done  at  the  City  of  "Washington,  this  fifteenth  day 
of  April,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord,  one  thousand 
eight  hundred  and  sixty-one,  and  of  the  independ- 
ence of  the  United  States  the  eighty-fifth. 

ABEAHAM  LINCOLN. 
J3y  the  President. 

WILLIAM  H.  SEWAKD,  Secretary  of  State. 


TOTAL  NUMBER  OF  TROOPS  CALLED  INTO  SERVICE 
DURING  THE  REBELLION. 

THE  various  calls  of  the  President  for  men  were 
as  follows : 

1861, — 3  months' men, '      .        .        .  .  75,000 

1861, — 3  years'  men, 500,000 

1862,— 3  years'  men,  .        .        .,.";•  .  300,000 

1862, — 9  months' men,   .    ".        .'       .  .  300,000 

1864, — 3  years'  men,  February,  .        .  .  500,000 

1864, — 3  years'  men,  March,       .        .  .  200,000 

1864, — 3  years'  men,  July,          .        .  ..  500,000 

1864, — 3  years'  men,  December,         .  .  300,000 

Total,         .        .        .          2,675,000 

These  do  not  include  the  militia  that  were 
brought  into  service  during  the  various  invasions  of 
Lee's  armies  into  Maryland  and  Pennsylvania. 


N.    Y.    f!H\MHER   OF    COMMERCE   RESOLUTIONS.      189 


KESOLUTIONS  OF  THE  N,  Y,  CHAMBER  OF 
COMMEEOE, 

SUSTAINING   THE    FEDERAL  GOVEENMENT    AND     UEGING   A   STEIOT 
BLOCKADE    OF   SOUTHEEN   POETS,    APEIL   19TH,    1861. 

Whereas^  Our  country  has,  in  the  course  of 
events,  reached  a  crisis  unprecedented  in  its  past 
history,  exposing  it  to  extreme  dangers,  and  involv- 
ing the  most  momentous  results ;  and  Whereas,  The 
President  of  the  United  States  has,  by  his  Proclama- 
tion, made  known  the  dangers  which  threaten  the 
stability  of  Government,  and  called  upon  the  people 
to  rally  in  support  of  the  Constitution  and  laws ;  and 
Whereas,  The  merchants  of  New  York,  represented 
in  this  Chamber,  have  a  deep  stake  in  the  results 
which  may  flow  from  the  present  exposed  state  of 
national  affairs,  as  well  as  a  jealous  regard  for  the 
honor  of  that  flag  under  whose  protection  they  have 
extended  the  commerce  of  this  city  to  the  remotest 
part  of  the  world  ;  therefore, 


190  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

Resolved,  That  this  Chamber,  alive  to  the  perils 
which  have  been  gathering  around  our  cherished 
form  of  Government  and  menacing  its  overthrow, 
has  witnessed  with  lively  satisfaction  the  determina- 
tion of  the  President  to  maintain  the  Constitution 
and  vindicate  the  supremacy  of  Government  and 
law  at  every  hazard.  (Cheers.) 

Resolved^  That  the  so-called  secession  of  some  ot 
the  Southern  States  having  at  last  culminated  in 
open  war  against  the  United  States,  the  American 
people  can  no  longer  defer  their  decision  between 
anarchy  or  despotism  on  the  one  side,  and  on  the 
other  liberty,  order,  and  law  under  the  most  benign 
Government  the  world  has  ever  known. 

Resolved,  That  this  Chamber,  forgetful  of  past 
differences  of  political  opinion  among  its  members, 
will,  with  unanimity  and  patriotic  ardor,  support  the 
Government  in  this  great  crisis:  and  it  hereby 
pledges  its  best  efforts  to  sustain  its  credit  and  facili- 
tate its  financial  operations.  It  also  confidently 
appeals  to  all  men  of  wealth  to  join  in  these  efforts. 
(Applause.) 

Resolved^  That  while  deploring  the  advent  of 
civil  war  which  has  been  precipitated  on  the  country 
by  the  madness  of  the  South,  the  Chamber  is  per- 
suaded that  policy  and  humanity  alike  demand  that 
it  should  be  met  by  the  most  prompt  and  energetic 


N.    Y.    CHAMBER   OF    COMMEECE   EESOLUTIONS.     191 

measures ;  and  it  accordingly  recommends  to  Gov- 
ernment the  instant  adoption  and  prosecution  of  a 
policy  so  vigorous  and  resistless,  that  it  will  crush 
out  treason  now  arid  forever.  (Applause.) 

Itesolved,  That  the  proposition  of  Mr.  Jefferson 
Davis  to  issue  letters  of  marque  to  whosoever  may 
apply  for  them,  emanating  from  no  recognized  Gov- 
ernment, is  not  only  without  the  sanction  of  public 
law,  but  piratical  in  its  tendencies,  and  therefore 
deserving  the  stern  condemnation  of  the  civilized 
world.  It  cannot  result  in  the  fitting  out  of  regular 
privateers,  but  may,  in  infesting  the  ocean  with 
piratical  cruisers,  armed  with  traitorous  commissions, 
to  despoil  our  commerce  and  that  of  all  other 
maritime  nations.  (Applause.) 

JResolved,  That  in  view  of  this  threatening  evil,  it 
is,  in  the  opinion  of  this  Chamber,  the  duty  of  our 
Government  to  issue  at  once  a  proclamation,  warning 
all  persons,  that  privateering  under  the  commissions 
proposed  will  be  dealt  with  as  simple  piracy.  It 
owes  this  duty  not  merely  to  itself,  but  to  other 
maritime  nations,  who  have  a  right  to  demand  that 
the  United  States  Government  shall  promptly  discoun- 
tenance every  attempt  within  its  borders  to  legalize 
piracy.  It  should,  also,  at  the  earliest  moment,  block- 
ade every  Southern  port,  so  as  to  prevent  the  egress 
and  ingress  of  such  vessels.  (Immense  applause.) 


192  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

JResolved,  That  the  Secretary  be  directed  to  send 
copies  of  these  resolutions  to  the  Chambers  of  Com- 
merce of  other  cities,  inviting  their  co-operation  in 
such  measures  as  may  be  deemed  effective  in 
strengthening  the  hands  of  Government  in  this 
emergency. 

Resolved,  That  a  copy  of  these  resolutions,  duly 
attested  by  the  officers  of  the  Chamber,  be  forwarded 
to  the  President  of  the  United  States. 

BLOCKADE  RESOLUTIONS. 

Whereas,  War  against  the  Constitution  and  Gov- 
ernment of  these  United  States  has  been  commenced, 
and  is  carried  on  by  certain  combinations  of  indi- 
viduals, assuming  to  act  for  States  at  the  South 
claiming  to  have  seceded  from  the  United  States ; 
and 

Whereas,  Such  combinations  have  officially  pro- 
mulgated an  invitation  for  the  enrollment  of  vessels, 
to  act  under  their  authorization,  and  as  so-called 
"  privateers,"  against  the  flag  and  commerce  of  the 
United  States ;  therefore, 

fiesolved,  by  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  the 
State  of  New  York,  That  the  United  States  Govern- 
ment be  recommended  and  urged  to  blockade  the 
ports  of  such  States,  or  any  other  State  that  shall 


N.   T.   CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE   RESOLUTIONS.     193 

join  them,  and  that  this  measure  is  demanded  for 
defence  in  war,  as  also  for  protection  to  the  commerce 
of  the  United  States  against  these  so-called  "  priva- 
teers "  invited  to  enrol  under  the  ^authority  of  such 
States. 

Resolved,  That  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  of 
the  State  of  New  York  pledges  its  hearty  and  cor- 
dial support  to  such  measures  as  the  Government  of 
the  United  States  may,  in  its  wisdom,  inaugurate 
and  carry  through  in  the  blockade  of  such  ports. 


194:  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


A  PROCLAMATION, 

BY  THE    PEESIDENT    OF    THE  UNITED    STATES    OP  AMEBIOA, 
BLOCKADING   THE  8OTTTHEBN  POETS. 

Whereas  an  insurrection  against  the  Government 
of  the  United  States  has  broken  out  in  the  States  of 
South  Carolina,  Georgia,  Alabama,  Florida,  Missis- 
sippi, Louisiana,  and  Texas,  and  the  laws  of  the 
United  States  for  the  collection  of  the  revenue  can 
not  be  efficiently  executed  therein  conformably  to 
that  provision  of  the  Constitution  which  requires 
duties  to  be  uniform  throughout  the  United  States  : 

And  Whereas  a  combination  of  persons,  engaged 
in  such  insurrection,  have  threatened  to  grant  pre- 
tended letters  of  marque  *to  authorize-  the  bearers 
thereof  to  commit  assaults  on  the  lives,  vessels,  and 
property  of  good  citizens  of  the  country  lawfully 
engaged  in  commerce  on  the  high  seas,  and  in  waters 
of  the  United  States  : 

And   Whereas  an   Executive  Proclamation  has 


BLOCKADE   PROCLAMATION.  195 

been  already  issued,  requiring  the  persons  engaged 
in  these  disorderly  proceedings  to  desist  therefrom, 
calling  out  a  militia  force  for  the  purpose  of  repress- 
ing the  same,  and  convening  Congress  in  extraordi- 
nary session  to  deliberate  and  determine  thereon  : 

"Now,  therefore,  I,  Abraham  Lincoln,  President 
of  the  United  States,  with  a  view  to  the  same  pur- 
poses before  mentioned,  and  to  the  protection  of  the 
public  peace,  and  the  lives  and  property  of  quiet 
and  orderly  citizens  pursuing  their  lawful  occupa- 
tions, until  Congress  shall  have  assembled  and 
deliberated  on  the  said  unlawful  proceedings,  or 
until  the  same  shall  have  ceased,  have  further 
deemed  advisable  to  set  on  foot  a  Blockade  of  the 
ports  within  the  States  aforesaid,  in  pursuance  of  the 
laws  of  the  United  States  and  of  the  laws  of  nations 
in  such  cases  provided.  For  this  purpose  a  compe- 
tent force  will  be  posted  so  as  to  prevent  entrance 
and  exit  of  vessels  from  the  ports  aforesaid.  If, 
therefore,  with  a  view  to  violate  such  Blockade,  a 
vessel  shall  approach,  or  shall  attempt  to  leave  any 
of  the  said  ports,  she  will  be  duly  warned  by  the 
Commander  of  one  of  the  blockading  vessels,  who 
will  endorse  on  her  register  the  fact  and  date  of  such 
warning  ;  and  if  the  same  vessel  shall  again  attempt 
to  enter  or  leave  the  blockaded  port,  she  will  be  cap- 
tured and  sent  to  the  nearest  convenient  port,  for 


196  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

such  proceedings  against  her  and  her  cargo  as  prize 
as  may  be  deemed  advisable. 

And  I  hereby  proclaim  and  declare,  that  if  any 
person,  under  the  pretended  authority  of  said  States, 
or  under  any  other  pretence,  shall  molest  a  vessel  of 
the  United  States,  or  the  persons  or  cargo  on  board 
of  her,  such  person  will  be  held  amenable  to  the 
laws  of  the  "United  States  for  the  prevention  and 
punishment  of  piracy. 

ABRAHAM  LINCOLN. 
By  the  President. 

WILLIAM  H.  SEWARD,  Secretary  of  State. 

WASHINGTON,  April  19,  1861. 


THE  EMANCIPATION   PROCLAMATION;  197 


THE    EMANCIPATION    PKOOLAMATION. 

BY  THE  PEESIDENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMEEIOA. 

WHEREAS,  on  the  twenty-second  day  of  Septem- 
ber, in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  eight  hun- 
dred and  sixty-two,  a  Proclamation  was  issued  by 
the  President  of  the  United  States,  containing  among 
other  things  the  following,  to  wit : 

"  That  on  the  first  day  of  January,  in  the  year 
of  our  Lord  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  sixty- 
three,  all  persons  held  as  slaves  within  any  State,  or 
designated  part  of  a  State,  the  people  whereof  shall 
then  be  in  rebellion  against  the  United  States,  shall 
be  then,  thenceforth  and  FOREVER  FREE,  and  the 
Executive  Government  of  the  United  States,  includ- 
ing the  military  and  naval  authorities  thereof,  will 
recognize  and  maintain  the  freedom  of  such  persons, 
and  will  do  no  act  or  acts  to  repress  such  persons,  or 
any  of  them,  in  any  efforts  they  may  make  for  their 
actual  freedom. 

"That  the  Executive  will,  on  the  first  day  of 


198  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

January  aforesaid,  by  proclamatioD,  designate  the 
States  and  parts  of  States,  if  any,  in  which  the  people 
thereof  respectively  shall  then  be  in  rebellion  against 
the  United  States,  and  the  fact  that  any  State,  or 
the  people  thereof,  shall  on  that  day  be  in  good  faith 
represented  in- the  Congress  of  the  United  States  by 
members  chosen  thereto  at  elections  wherein  a  ma- 
jority of  the  qualified  voters  of  such  State  shall  have 
participated,  shall,  in  the  absence  of  strong  counter- 
vailing testimony,  be  deemed  conclusive  evidence 
that  such  State  and  the  people  thereof  are  not  then 
in  rebellion  against  the  United  States." 

Now,  therefore,  I,  ABEAHAM  LINCOLN, 
President  of  the  United  States,  by  virtue  of  the 
power  in  me  vested  as  Commander-in-Chief  of  the 
Army  and  Navy  of  the  United  States  in  time  of 
actual  armed  rebellion  against  the  authority  and 
government  of  the  United  States,  and  as  a  fit  and 
necessary  war  measure  for  suppressing  said  rebellion, 
do,  on  this  first  day  of  January,  in  the  year  of  our 
Lord  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  sixty-three, 
and  in  accordance  with  my  purpose  so  to  do,  publicly 
proclaim  for  the  full  period  of  one  hundred  days 
from  the  day  of  the  first  above  mentioned  order,  and 
designate,  as  the  States  and  parts  of  States  wherein 
the  people  thereof  respectively  are  this  day  in  rebel- 
lion against  the  United  States,  the  following,  to  wit : 


THE   EMANCIPATION   PROCLAMATION.  199 

AEKANSAS,  TEXAS,  LOUISIANA,  (except  the 
Parishes  of  St.  Bernard,  Plaquemines,  Jefferson,  St. 
John,  St.  Charles,  St.  James,  Ascension,  Assumption, 
Terre  Bonne,  Lafourche,  St.  Mary,  St.  Martin,  and 
Orleans,  including  the  City  of  Orleans),  MISSIS- 
SIPPI, ALABAMA,  FLOEIDA,  GEOKGIA, 
SOUTH  CAEOLINA,  NOETH  CAEOLESTA,  and 
YIEGINIA  (except  the  forty-eight  counties  desig- 
nated as  West  Virginia,  and  also  the  counties  of 
Berkley,  Accomac,  Northampton,  Elizabeth  City, 
York,  Princess  Ann,  and  Norfolk,  including  the 
cities  of  Norfolk  and  Portsmouth),  and  which  ex- 
cepted  parts  are,  for  the  present,  left  precisely  as  if 
this  Proclamation  were  not  issued. 

And  by  virtue  of  the  power  and  for  the  purpose 
aforesaid,  I  do  order  and  declare  that  ALL  PEESONS 
HELD  AS  SLAVES  within  said  designated  States  and 
parts  of  States  ABE,  AND  HENCEFORWARD  SHALL  BE 
FEEE  !  and  that  the  Executive  Goyernment  of  the 
United  States,  including  the  military  and  naval  au- 
thorities thereof,  will  recognize  and  maintain  the 
freedom  of  said  persons. 

And  I  hereby  enjoin  upon  the  people  so  declared 
to  be  free,  to  abstain  from  all  violence,  unless  in 
necessary  self-defence,  and  I  recommend  to  them 
that  in  all  cases,  when  allowed,  they  labor  faithfully 
for  reasonable  wages. 


200  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

And  I  further  declare  and  make  known  that  such 
persons  of  suitable  condition  will  be  received  into 
the  armed  service  of  the  United  States  to  garrison 
forts,  positions,  stations  and  other  places,  and  to  man 
vessels  of  all  sorts  in  said  service. 

And  upon  this  act,  sincerely  believed  to  be  an 
act  of  justice,  warranted  by  the  Constitution,  upon 
military  necessity,  I  invoke  the  considerate  judg- 
ment of  mankind  and  the  gracious  favor  of  Al- 
mighty God. 

In  testimony  whereof  I  have  hereunto  set  my 
name,  and  caused  the  seal  of  the  United  States  to  be 
affixed. 

Done  at  the  City  of  Washington,  this  first  day 

of  January,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one 

[L.  B.]    thousand  eight   hundred   and   sixty-three, 

and  of  the  Independence  of  the  United 

States  the  eighty-seventh. 

ABKAHAM  LINCOLN. 

By  the  President. 

WILLIAM  H.  SEWARD, 

Secretary  of  State. 


THE  CONFISCATION  ACT.  203 


THE  CONFISCATION  ACT. 

TO  CONFISCATE  PBOPEBTY  USED  FOB  INSUBKEOTIONABY  PUEPOSES. 

Be  it  enacted,  etc..  That  if,  during  the  present  or 
any  future  insurrection  against  the  Government  of 
the  United  States,  after  the  President  of  the  United 
States  shall  have  declared,  by  proclamation,  that  the 
laws  of  the  United  States  are  opposed,  and  the  exe- 
cution thereof  obstructed,  by  combinations  too  pow- 
erful to  be  suppressed  by  the  ordinary  course  of 
judicial  proceedings,  or  by  the  power  vested  in  the 
marshals  by  law,  any  person  or  persons,  his,  her,  or 
their  agent,  attorney,  or  employee,  shall  purchase  or 
acquire,  sell  or  give  any  property  of  whatsoever  kind 
or  description,  with  intent  to  use  or  employ  the 
same,  or  suffer  the  same  to  be  used  or  employed,  in 
aiding,  abetting,  or  promoting  such  insurrection  or 
resistance  to  the  laws,  or  any  person  or  persons  en- 
gaged therein ;  or  if  any  person  or  persons,  being  the 


202  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

owner  or  owners  of  any  such  property,  shall  know- 
ingly use  or  employ,  or  consent  to  the  use  or  employ- 
ment of  the  same  as  aforesaid,  all  such  property  is 
hereby  declared  to  be  lawful  subject  of  prize  and 
capture  wherever  found  ;  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of 
the  President  of  the  United  States  to  cause  the  same 
to  be  seized,  confiscated,  and  condemned. 

SEC.  2.  Such  prizes  and  capture  shall  be  con- 
demned in  the  district  or  circuit  court  of  the  United 
States,  having  jurisdiction  of  the  amount,  or  in  admi- 
ralty in  any  district  in  which  the  same  may  be  seized, 
or  into  which  they  may  be  taken  and  proceedings 
first  instituted. 

SEC.  3.  The  Attorney-General,  or  any  district 
attorney  of  the  United  States  in  which  said  property 
may  at  the  time  be,  may  institute  the  proceedings  of 
condemnation,  and  in  such  case  they  shall  be  wholly 
for  the  benefit  of  the  United  States  ;  or  any  person 
may  file  an  information  with  such  attorney,  in  which 
case  the  proceedings  shall  be  for  the  use  of  such  in- 
former and  the  United  States  in  equal  parts. 

SEC.  4.  Whenever  hereafter,  during  the  present 
insurrection  against  the  Government  of  the  United 
States,  any  person  claimed  to  be  held  to  labor  or  ser- 
vice under  the  law  of  any  State,  shall  be  required  or 
permitted  by  the  person  to  whom  such  labor  or  ser- 
vice is  claimed  to  be  due,  or  by  the  lawful  agent  of 


THE   CONFISCATION   ACT.  203 

such  persons,  to  take  up  arms  against  the  United 
States,  or  shall  be  required  or  permitted  by  the  per- 
son to  whom  such  labor  or  service  is  claimed  to  be 
due,  or  his  lawful  agent,  to  work  or  to  be  employed 
in  or  upon  any  fort,  navy  yard,  dock,  armory,  ship, 
intrenchment,  or  in  any  military  or  naval  service 
whatsoever,  against  the  Government  and  lawful  au- 
thority of  the  United  States,  then,  and  in  every  such 
case,  the  person  to  whom  such  labor  or  service  is 
claimed  to  be  due,  shall  forfeit  his  claim  to  such  labor, 
any  law  of  the  State  or  of  the  United  States  to  the 
contrary  notwithstanding.  And  whenever  thereafter 
the  person  claiming  such  labor  or  service  shall  seek 
to  enforce  his  claim,  it  shall  be  a  full  and  sufficient 
answer  to  such  claim  that  the  person  whose  service 
or  labor  is  claimed  had  been  employed  in  the  hostile 
se-rvice  against  the  Government  of  the  United  States, 
contrary  to  the  provisions  of  this  act. 


204  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 


FIEST  INAUGUBAL  ADDEESS  OF  PEESIDENT 
LINCOLN 

MABOH  4TH,  1861. 

'  Fellow- Citizens  of  the  United  States  : 

In  compliance  with  a  custom  as  old  as  the  Gov- 
ernment itself,  I  appear  before  you  to  address  you 
briefly,  and  to  take,  in  your  presence,  the  oath  pre- 
scribed by  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  to 
be  taken  by  the  President,  before  he  enters  on  the 
execution  of  his  office. 

I  do  not  consider  it  necessary,  at  present,  for  me 
to  discuss  those  matters  of  administration  about 
which  there  is  no  special  anxiety  or  excitement. 
Apprehension  seems  to  exist  among  the  people  of  the 
Southern  States,  that,  by  the  accession  of  a  Repub- 
lican Administration,  their  property  and  their  peace 


INAUGURAL    ADDRESS    OF    PRESIDENT   LINCOLN.    205 

and  personal  security  are  to  be  endangered.  There 
has  never  been  any  reasonable  cause  for  such  appre- 
hension. Indeed,  the  most  ample  evidence  to  the 
contrary  has  all  the  while  existed,  and  been  open  to 
their  inspection.  It  is  found  in  nearly  all  the  pub- 
lished speeches  of  him  who  now  addresses  you.  I 
do  but  quote  from  one  of  those  speeches,  when  I 
declare  that  "  I  have  no  purpose,  directly  or  indi- 
rectly, to  interfere  with  the  institution  of  slavery  in 
the  States  where  it  exists."  I  believe  I  have  no 
lawful  right  to  do  so ;  and  I  have  no  inclination  to 
do  so.  Those  who  nominated  and  elected  me,  did  so 
with  the  full  knowledge  that  I  had  made  this,  and 
made  many  similar  declarations,  and  had  never  re- 
canted them.  And,  more  than  this,  they  placed  in 
the  platform,  for  my  acceptance,  and  as  a  law  to 
themselves  and  to  me,  the  clear  and  emphatic  resolu- 
tion which  I  now  read : 

"Resolved,  That  the  maintenance  inviolate  of  the 
rights  of  the  States,  and  especially  the  right  of  each 
State  to  order  and  control  its  own  domestic  institu- 
tions according  to  its  own  judgment  exclusively,  is 
essential  to  that  balance  of  power  on  which  the  per- 
fection and  endurance  of  our  political  fabric  depend ; 
and  we  denounce  the  lawless  invasion  by  armed  force 
of  the  soil  of  any  State  or  Territory,  no  matter  under 
what  pretext,  as  among  the  gravest  of  crimes." 


206  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

1  now  reiterate  these  sentiments ;  and  in  doing  so 
I  only  press  upon  the  public  attention  the  most  con- 
clusive evidence  of  which  the  case  is  susceptible,  that 
the  property,  peace,  aiid  security  of  no  section  are 
to  be  in  anywise  endangered  by  the  now  incoming 
Administration. 

I  add,  too,  that  all  the  protection  which,  consist- 
ently with  the  Constitution  and  the  laws,  can  be 
given  will  be  cheerfully  given  to  all  the  States  when 
lawfully  demanded,  for  whatever  cause,  as  cheerfully 
to  one  section  as  to  another. 

There  is  much  controvery  about  the  delivering 
up  of  fugitives  from  service  or  labor.  The  clause  I 
now  read  is  as  plainly  written  in  the  Constitution  as 
any  other  of  its  provisions : 

"  No  person  held  to  service  or  labor  in  one  State 
under  the  laws  thereof,  escaping  into  another,  shall, 
in  consequence  of  any  law  or  regulation  therein,  be 
discharged  from  such  service  or  labor,  but  shall  be 
delivered  up  on  claim  of  the  party  to  whom  such 
service  or  labor  may  be  due." 

It  is  scarcely  questioned  that  this  provision  was 
intended  by  those  who  made  it  for  the  reclaiming  of 
what  we  call  fugitive  slaves ;  and  the  intention  of 
the  lawgiver  is  the  law. 

All  members  of  Congress  swear  their  support  to 
the  whole  Constitution — to  this  provision  as  well  as 


INAUGURAL   ADDBESS   OF   PRESIDENT   L.tNCOLN.    207 

any  other.  To  the  proposition,  then,  that  slaves 
whose  cases  come  within  the  terms  of  this  clause 
"  shall  be  delivered  up,"  their  oaths  are  unanimous. 
Now,  if  they  would  make  the  effort  in  good  temper, 
could  they  not,  with  nearly  equal  unanimity,  frame 
and  pass  a  law  by  means  of  which  to  keep  good  that 
unanimous  oath  ? 

There  is  some  difference  of  opinion  whether  this 
clause  should  be  enforced  by  National  or  by  State 
authority ;  but  surely  that  difference  is  not  a  very 
material  one.  If  the  slave  is  to  be  surrendered,  it 
can  be  of  but  little  consequence  to  him  or  to  others 
by  which  authority  it  is  done  ;  and  should  any  one, 
in  any  case,  be  content  that  this  oath  shall  go  unkept 
on  a  merely  unsubstantial  controversy  as  to  how  it 
shall  be  kept  ? 

Again,  in  any  law  upon  this  subject,  ought  not 
all  the  safeguards  of  liberty  known  in  the  civilized 
and  humane  jurisprudence  to  be  introduced,  so  that 
a  free  man  be  not,  in  any  case,  surrendered  as  a 
slave  ?  And  might  it  not  be  well  at  the  same  time 
to  provide  by  law  for  the  enforcement  of  that  clause 
in  the  Constitution  which  guaranties  that  "  the  citi- 
zens of  each  State  shall  be  entitled  to  all  the 
privileges  and  immunities  of  citizens  of  the  several 
States?" 

I  take  the  official  oath  to-day  with  no  mental 


208  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

reservations,  and  with  no  purpose  to  construe  the 
Constitution  or  laws  by  any  hypercritical  rules ;  and 
while  I  do  not  choose  now  to  specify  particular  acts 
of  Congress  as  proper  to  be  enforced,  I  do  suggest 
that  it  will  be  much  safer  for  all,  both  in  official  and 
private  stations,  to  conform  to  and  abide  by  all  those 
acts  which  stand  unrepealed,  than  to  violate  any  of 
them,  trusting  to  find  impunity  in  having  them  held 
to  be  unconstitutional. 

It  is  seventy-two  years  since  the  first  inaugura- 
tion of  a  President  under  our  national  Constitution. 
During  that  period  fifteen  different  and  very  distin- 
guished citizens  have  in  succession  administered  the 
executive  branch  of  the  government.  They  have 
conducted  •  it  through  many  perils,  and  generally 
with  great  success.  Yet,  with  all  this  scope  for  pre- 
cedent, I  now  enter  upon  the  same  task,  for  the  brief 
constitutional  term  of  four  years,  under  great  and 
peculiar  difficulties. 

A  disruption  of  the  Federal  Union,  heretofore 
only  menaced,  is  now  formidably  attempted.  I  hold 
that  in  the  contemplation  of  universal  law  and  of 
the  Constitution,  the  Union  of  these  States  is  per- 
petual. Perpetuity  is  implied,  if  not  expressed,  in 
the  fundamental  law  of  all  national  governments. 
It  is  safe  to  assert  that  no  government  proper  ever 
had  a  provision  in  its  organic  law  for  its  own  terrain- 


INAUGURAL   ADDEESS   OF   PBESEDENT  LINCOLN.    209 

ation.  Continue  to  execute  all  the  express  provisions 
of  our  national  Constitution,  and  the  Union  will 
endure  forever,  it  being  impossible  to  destroy  it, 
except  by  some  action  not  provided  for  in  the  instru- 
ment itself. 

Again,  if  the  United  States  be  not  a  government 
proper,  but  an  association  of  .States  in  the  nature  of 
a  contract  merely,  can  it,  as  a  contract,  be  peaceably 
unmade  by  less  than  all  the  parties  who  made  it? 
One  party  to  a  contract  may  violate  it — break  it,  so 
to  speak;  but  does  it  not  require  all  to  lawfully 
rescind  it  ?  Descending  from  these  general  principles 
we  find  the  proposition  that  in  legal  contemplation 
the  Union  is  perpetual,  confirmed  by  the  history  of 
the  Union  itself. 

The  Union  is  much  older  than  the  Constitution. 
It  was  formed,  in  fact,  by  the  Articles  of  Association 
in  1774:.  It  was  matured  and  continued  in  the  Dec- 
laration of  Independence  in  1776.  It  was  further 
matured,  and  the  faith  of  all  the  then  thirteen  States 
expressly  plighted  and  engaged  that  it  should  be 
perpetual,  by  the  Articles  of  Confederation,  in  1778 ; 
and,  finally,  in  1787,  one  of  the  declared  objects  for 
ordaining  and  establishing  the  Constitution  was  to 
form  a  more  perfect  Union.  But  if  the  destruction 
of  the  Union  by  one  or  by  a  part  only  of  the  States 
be  lawfully  possible,  the  Union  is  less  than  before, 


210  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

the   Constitution  having  lost  the  vital  element  oi 
perpetuity. 

It  follows  from  these  views  that  no  State,  upon 
its  own  mere  motion,  can  lawfully  get  out  of  the 
Union ;  that  resolves  and  ordinances  to  that  effect, 
are  legally  void ;  and  that  acts  of  violence  within  any 
State  or  States  against  the  authority  of  the  United 
States,  are  insurrectionary  or  revolutionary,  accord- 
ing to  circumstances. 

I  therefore  consider  that,  in  view  of  the  Consti- 
tution and  the  laws,  the  Union  is  unbroken,  and,  to 
the  extent  of  my  ability,  I  shall  take  care,  as  the 
Constitution  itself  expressly  enjoins  upon  me,  that 
the  laws  of  the  Union  shall  be  faithfully  executed  in 
all  the  States.  Doing  this,  which  I  deem  to  be  only 
a  simple  duty  on  my  part,  I  shall  perfectly  perform 
it,  so  far  as  is  practicable,  unless  my  rightful  masters, 
the  American  people,  shall  withhold  the  requisition, 
or  in  some  authoritative  manner  direct  the  contrary. 

I  trust  this  will  not  be  regarded  as  a  menace,  but 
only  as  the  declared  purpose  of  the  Union  that  it  will 
constitutionally  defend  and  maintain  itself. 

In  doing  this  there  need  be  no  bloodshed  or  vio- 
lence, and  there  shall  be  none  unless  it  is  forced  upon 
the  national  authority. 

The  power  confided  to  me  will  oe  used  to  hold, 
occupy,  and  possess  the  property  and  places  belonging 


INAUGURAL   ADDRESS   OF  PRESIDENT   LINCOLN.    211 

to  the  Government^  and  collect  the  duties  and  im« 
posts ;  but  beyond  what  may  be  necessary  for  these 
objects  there  will  be  no  invasion,  no  using  of  force 
against  or  among  the  people  anywhere. 

Where  hostility  to  the  United  States  shall  be  so 
great  and  so  universal  as  to  prevent  competent  resi- 
dent citizens  from  holding  the  Federal  offices,  there 
will  be  no  attempt  to  force  obnoxious  strangers 
among  the  people  that  object.  While  the  strict 
legal  right  may  exist  of  the  Government  to  enforce 
the  exercise  of  these  offices,  the  attempt  to  do  so 
would  be  so  irritating,  and  so  nearly  impracticable 
withal,  that  I  deem  it  better  to  forego  for  the  time 
the  uses  of  such  offices. 

The  mails,  unless  repelled,  will  continue  to  be 
furnished  in  all  parts  of  the  Union. 

So  far  as  possible,  the  people  everywhere  shall 
have  that  sense  of  perfect  security  which  is  most 
favorable  to  calm  thought  and  reflection. 

The  course  here  indicated  will  be  followed,  unless 
current  events  and  experience  shall  show  a  modifica- 
tion or  change  to  be  proper ;  and  in  every  case  and 
exigency  my  best  discretion  will  be  exercised  accord- 
ing to  the  circumstances  actually  existing,  and  with 
a  view  and  hope  of  a  peaceful  solution  of  the  national 
troubles,  and  the  restoration  of  fraternal  sympathies 
and  affections.  » 


212  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

That  there  are  persons,  in  one  section  or  another, 
who  seek  to  destroy  the  Union  at  all  events,  and  are 
glad  of  any  pretext  to  do  it,  I  will  neither  affirm  nor 
deny.  '  But  if  there  be  such,  I  need  address  no  word 
to  them. 

To  those,  however,  who  really  love  the  Union, 
may  I  not  speak,  before  entering  upon  so  grave  a 
matter  as  the  destruction  of  our  national  fabric,  with 
all  its  benefits,  its  memories,  and  its  hopes  ?  Would 
it  not  be  well  to  ascertain  why  we  do  it  ?  Will  you 
hazard  so  desperate  a  step,  while  any  portion  of  the 
ills  you  fly  from,  have  no  real  existence  ?  Will  you, 
while  the  certain  ills  you  fly  to,  are  greater  than  all 
the  real  ones  you  fly  from  ?  Will  you  risk  the  com- 
mission of  so  fearful  a  mistake  ?  All  profess  to  be 
content  in  the  Union  if  all  constitutional  rights 
can  be  maintained.  Is  it  true,  then,  that  any  right, 
plainly  written  in  the  Constitution  has  been  denied  ? 
I  think  not.  Happily  the  human  mind  is  so  consti- 
tuted, that  no  party  can  reach  to  the  audacity  of 
doing  this. 

Think,  if  you  can,  of  a  single  instance  in  which 
a  plainly- written  provision  of  the  Constitution  has 
ever  been  denied.  If,  by  the  mere  force  of  numbers, 
a  majority  should  deprive  a  minority  of  any  clearly- 
written  constitutional  right,  it  might,  in  a  moral 
pojjit  of  view,  justify  revolution ;  it  certainly  would, 


INAUGURAL  ADDRESS   OF  PRESIDENT  LINCOLN.    213 

if  such  right  were  a  vital  one.  But  such  is  not  our 
case. 

All  the  vital  rights  of  minorities  and  of  individu- 
als are  so  plainly  assured  to  them  by  affirmations  and 
negations,  guaranties  and  prohibitions  in  the  Consti- 
tution, that  controversies  never  arise  concerning 
them.  But  no  organic  law  can  ever  be  framed  with 
a  provision  specifically  applicable  to  every  question 
which  may  occur  in  practical  administration.  !N"o 
foresight  can  anticipate,  nor  any  document  of  reason- 
able length  contain,  express  provisions  for  all  possible 
questions.  Shall  fugitives  from  labor  be  surrendered 
by  national  or  by  State  authorities  ?  The  Constitu- 
tion does  not  expressly  say.  Must  Congress  protect 
slavery  in  the  Territories  ?  The  Constitution  does 
not  expressly  say.  From  questions  of  this  class, 
spring  all  our  constitutional  controversies,  and  we 
divide  upon  them  into  majorities  and  minorities. 

If  the  minority  will  not  acquiesce,  the  majority 
must,  or  the  government  must  cease.  There  is  no 
alternative  for  continuing  the  government  but  acqui- 
escence on  the  one  side  or  the  other.  If  a  minority 
in  such  a  case,  will  secede  rather  than  acquiesce, 
they  make  a  precedent  which  in  turn  will  ruin  and 
divide  them,  for  a  minority  of  their  own  will  secede 
from  them  whenever  a  majority  refuses  to  be  con- 
trolled by  such  a  minority.  For  instance,  why  »ot 


214  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

any  portion  of  a  new  confederacy,  a  year  or  two 
hence,  arbitrarily  secede  again,  precisely  as  portions 
of  the  present  Union  now  claim  to  secede  from  it  ? 
All  who  cherish  disunion  sentiments  are  now  being 
educated  to  the  exact  temper  of  doing  this.  Is  there 
such  perfect  identity  of  interests  among  the  States  to 
compose  a  new  Union  as  to  produce  harmony  only, 
and  prevent  renewed  secession  ?  Plainly,  the  central 
idea  of  secession  is  the  essence  of  anarchy. 

A  majority  held  in  restraint  by  constitutional 
check  and  limitation,  and  always  changing  easily 
•with  deliberate  changes  of  popular  opinions  and  sen- 
timents, is  the  only  true  sovereign  of  a  free  people. 
Whoever  rejects  it,  does,  of  necessity,  fly  to  anarchy 
or  to  despotism.  Unanimity  is  impossible ;  and  the 
rule  of  a  majority,  as  a  permanent  arrangement,  is 
wholly  inadmissible.  So  that,  rejecting  the  majority 
principle,  anarchy  or  despotism  in  some  form  is  all 
that  is  left. 

I  do  not  forget  the  position  assumed  by  some 
that  constitutional  questions  are  to  be  decided  by 
the  Supreme  Court,  nor  do  I  deny  that  such  decis- 
ions must  be  binding  in  any  case  upon  the  parties  to 
a  suit,  as  to  the  object  of  that  suit,  while  they  are 
also  entitled  to  very  high  respect  and  consideration 
in  all  parallel  cases  by  all  other  departments  of  the 
government ;  and  while  it  is  obviously  possible  that 


INAUGURAL  ADDRESS    OF   PRESIDENT    LINCOLN.    215 

such  decision  may  be  erroneous  in  any  given  case, 
still  the  evil  effect  following  it,  being  limited  to  that 
particular  case,  with  the  chance  that  it  may  be  over- 
ruled and  never  become  a  precedent  for  other  cases, 
can  better  be  borne  than  could  the  evils  of  a  different 
practice. 

At  the  same  time  the  candid  citizen  must  confess 
that  if  the  policy  of  the  government  upon  the  vital 
questions  affecting  the  whole  people  is  to  be  irrevo- 
cably fixed  by  the  decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court, 
the  instant  they  are  made,  as  in  ordinary  litigation 
between  parties  in  personal  actions,  the  people  will 
have  ceased  to  be  their  own  masters,  unless  having 
to  that  extent  practically  resigned  their  government 
into  the  hands  of  that  eminent  tribunal. 

Nor  is  there  in  this  view  any  assault  upon  the 
court  or  the  judges.  It  is  a  duty  from  which  they 
may  not  shrink,  to  decide  cases  properly  brought 
before  them ;  and  it  is  no  fault  of  theirs  if  others  seek 
to  turn  their  decisions  into  political  purposes.  One 
section  of  our  country  believes  slavery  is  right  and 
ought  to  be  extended,  while  the  other  believes  it  is 
wrong  and  ought  not  to  be  extended ;  and  this  is  the 
only  substantial  dispute;  and  the  fugitive  slave 
clause  of  the  Constitution,  and  the  law  for  the  sup- 
pression of  the  foreign  slave  trade,  are  each  as  well 
enforced,  perhaps,  as  any  law  can  ever  be  in  a  com- 


216  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

munity  where  the  moral  sense  of  the  people  imper- 
fectly supports  the  law  itself.  The  great  body  of  the 
people  abide  by  the  dry  legal  obligation  in  both 
cases,  and  a  few  break  over  in  each.  This,  I  think, 
cannot  be  perfectly  cured,  and  it  would  be  worse  in 
both  cases  after  the  separation  of  the  sections  than 
before.  The  foreign  slave  trade,  now  imperfectly 
suppressed,  would  be  ultimately  revived,  without 
restriction,  in  one  section ;  while  fugitive  slaves,  now 
only  partially  surrendered,  would  not  be  surrendered 
at  all  by  the  other. 

Physically  speaking  we  cannot  separate—  we  can- 
not remove  our  respective  sections  from  each  other, 
nor  build  an  impassable  wall  between  them.  A 
husband  and  wife  may  be  divorced,  and  go  out  of 
the  presence  and  beyond  the  reach  of  each  other,  but 
the  different  sections  of  our  country  cannot  do  this. 
They  cannot  but  remain  face  to  face;  and  inter- 
course, either  amicable  or  hostile,  must  continue 
between  them.  Is  it  possible,  then,  to  make  that 
intercourse  more  advantageous  or  more  satisfactory 
after  separation  than  before?  Can  aliens  make 
treaties  easier  than  friends  can  make  laws?  Can 
treaties  be  more  faithfully  enforced  between  aliens 
than  laws  can  among  friends  ?  Suppose  you  go  to 
war,  you  cannot  fight  always ;  and  when,  after  much 
loss  on  both  sides  and  no  gain  on  either,  you  cease 


INAUGUKAL  ADDBESS   OF   PRESIDENT   LINCOLN.    217 

fighting,  the  identical  questions  as  to  terms  of  inter- 
course are  again  upon  you. 

This  country,  with  its  institutions,  belongs  to  the 
people  who  inhabit  it.  Whenever  they  shall  grow 
weary  of  the  existing  government,  they  can  exercise 
their  constitutional  right  of  amending,  or  their  revolu- 
tionary right  to  dismember  or  overthrow  it.  I  can- 
not be  ignorant  of  the  fact  that  many  worthy  and 
patriotic  citizens  are  desirous  of  having  the  national 
Constitution  amended.  While  I  make  no  recom- 
mendation of  amendment,  I  fully  recognize  the  full 
authority  of  the  people  over  the  whole  subject,  to  be 
exercised  in  either  of  the  modes  prescribed  in  the 
instrument  itself,  and  I  should,  under  existing  cir- 
cumstances, favor,  rather  than  oppose,  a  fair  oppor- 
tunity being  afforded  the  people  to  act  upon  it. 

I  will  venture  to  add,  that  to  me  the  convention 
mode  seems  preferable,  in  that  it  allows  amendments 
to  originate  with  the  people  themselves,  instead  of 
only  permitting  them  to  take  or  reject  propositions 
originated  by  others  not  especially  chosen  for  the 
purpose,  and  which  might  not  be  precisely  such  as 
they  would  wish  either  to  accept  or  refuse.  I  under- 
stand that  a  proposed  amendment  to  the  Constitution 
(which  amendment,  however,  I  have  not  seen)  has 
passed  Congress,  to  the  effect  that  the  Federal  Gov- 
ernment shall  never  interfere  with  the  domestic 
10 


218  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

institutions  of  States,  including  that  of  persons  held 
to  service.  To  avoid  misconstruction  of  what  I 
have  said,  I  depart  from  mj  purpose  not  to  speak  of 
particular  amendments,  so  far  as  to  say  that,  holding 
such  a  provision  to  now  be  implied  constitutional 
law,  I  have  no  objection  to  its  being  made  express 
and  irrevocable. 

The  chief  magistrate  derives  all  his  authority 
from  the  people,  and  they  have  conferred  none  upon 
him  to  fix  the  terms  for  the  separation  of  the  States. 
The  people  themselves,  also,  can  do  this  if  they 
choose,  but  the  Executive,  as  such,  has  nothing  to  do 
with  it.  His  duty  is  to  administer  the  present  gov- 
ernment as  it  came  to  his  hands,  and  to  transmit  it 
unimpaired  by  him  to  his  successor.  Why  should 
there  not  be  a  patient  confidence  in  the  ultimate 
justice  of  the  people  ?  Is  there  any  better  or  equal 
hope  in  the  world?  In  our  present  differences  is 
either  party  without  faith  of  being  in  the  right  ?  If 
the  Almighty  Ruler  of  nations,  with  his  eternal 
truth  and  justice,  be  on  your  side  of  the  North,  or  on 
yours  of  the  South,  that  truth  and  that  justice  will 
surely  prevail  by  the  judgment  of  this  great  tribunal, 
the  American  people.  By  the  frame  of  the  Govern- 
ment under  which  we  live,  this  same  people  have 
wisely  given  their  public  servants  but  little  power 
for  mischief,  and  have  with  equal  wisdom  provided 


INAUGURAL  ADDRESS   OF   PRESIDENT   LINCOLN.    219 

for  the  return  of  that  little  to  their  own  hands  at 
very  short  intervals.  While  the  people  retain  their 
virtue  and  vigilance,  no  administration,  by  any  ex- 
treme wickedness  or  folly,  can  very  seriously  injure 
the  Government  in  the  short  space  of  four  years. 

My  countrymen,  one  and  all,  think  calmly  and 
well  upon  this  whole  subject.  Nothing  valuable  can 
be  lost  by  taking  time. 

If  there  be  an  object  to  hurry  any  of  you,  in  hot 
haste,  to  a  step  which  you  would  never  take  deliber- 
ately, that  object  will  be  frustrated  by  taking  time  ; 
but  no  good  object  can  be  frustrated  by  it. 

Such  of  you  as  are  now  dissatisfied  still  have  the 
old  Constitution  unimpaired,  and  on  the  sensitive 
point,  the  laws  of  your  own  framing  under  it ;  while 
the  new  administration  will  have  no  immediate 
power,  if  it  would,  to  change  either. 

If  it  were  admitted  that  you  who  are  dissatisfied 
hold  the  right  side  in  the  dispute,  there  is  still  no 
single  reason  for  precipitate  action.  Intelligence, 
patriotism,  Christianity,  and  a  firm  reliance  on  Him 
who  has  never  yet  forsaken  this  favored  land,  are 
still  competent  to  adjust,  in  the  best  way,  all  our 
present  difficulties. 

In  your  hands,  my  dissatisfied  fellow-countrymen, 
and  not  in  mine,  is  the  momentous  issue  of  civil  war. 
The  government  will  not  assail  you. 


220  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

You  can  have  no  conflict  without  being  your- 
selves the  aggressors.  You  have  no  oath  registered 
in  Heaven  to  destroy  the  government ;  while  I  shall 
have  the  most  solemn  one  to  "  preserve,  protect,  and 
defend  it." 

I  am  loath  to  close.  We  are  not  enemies,  but 
friends.  We  must  not  be  enemies.  Though  passion 
may  have  strained,  it  must  not  break  our  bonds  of 
affection. 

The  mystic  cords  of  memory,  stretching  from 
every  battle-field  and  patriot  grave  to  every  living 
heart  and  hearthstone  all  over  this  broad  land,  will 
yet  swell  the  chorus  of  the  Union,  when  again 
touched,  as  surely  they  will  be,  by  the  better  angels 
of  our  nature. 


THE  BALANCE  SHEET  OF  THE  GOVERNMENT. 


THE  BALANCE  SHEET  OP  THE  GOVERNMENT, 

BEFORE   AND   SINGE  THE   WAB,    1859   AND   1865. 


The  receipts  into  the  Treasury  during  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  30,  1859,  were  as  follows : 

From  Customs $49,565,824  38 

From  Public  Lands 1,756,687  30 

From  Miscellaneous  Sources 2,082,559  33 

From  Treasury  Notes. 9,667,400  00 

From  Loans 18,620,000  00 


Aggregate  resources  for  the  year  ending 

June  30,  1859 $88,090,787  11 

Which  amount  was  expended  as  follows : 
Civil,  Foreign  and  Miscellan's.  .$23,635,820  94 
Interior  (Indians  and  Pensions),     4,753,972  60 

War  Department 23,243,822  38 

Navy  Department 14,712,610  21 

Public  Debt 17,405,285  44 


Total  expenses  for  the  year. $83,751,511  57 

Balance  in  Treasury  July  1,  1859 4,339,275  54 

The  receipts  into  the  Treasury  during  the  fiscal  year 
ending  June  30,  1865,  was  $1,898,532,533  24,  of  which  were 
received: 

From  loans  applied  to  expenses $864,863,499  17 

From  loans  applied  to  Public  Debt 607,361,241  68 

From  Internal  Revenue 209,464,215  25 

Expenditures  for  the  year $1,897,674,224  09 

War  Department  charged  with 1,031,323,360  79 

Balance  in  Treasury  July  1,  1865 658,309  15 

Total  increase  of  Public  Debt  during  the 

year 941,902,537  04 


222  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 


PEESIDENT  LINCOLN'S  SECOND  AND  LAST 
INAUGUEAL  ADDEESS, 

MAECH  4,  1865. 

FELLOW-COUNTRYMEN  :  At  this  second  appearing 
to  take  the  oath  of  the  Presidential  office,  there  is 
less  occasion  for  an  extended  address  than  there  was 
at  the  first.  Then  a  statement,  somewhat  in  detail, 
<•  f  a  course  to  be  pursued  seemed  very  fitting  and 
proper.  ISFow,  at  the  expiration  of  four  years,  during 
which  public  declarations  have  been  constantly 
called  forth  on  every  point  and  phase  of  the  great 
contest  which  still  absorbs  the  attention  and  engrosses 
the  energies  of  the  nation,  little  that  is  new  could  be 
presented. 

The  progress  of  our  arms,  upon  which  all  else 
chiefly  depends,  is  as  well  known  to  the  public  as  to 
myself,  and  it  is,  I  trust  reasonably  satisfactory  and 
encouraging  to  all.  "With  high  hope  for  the  future, 
no  prediction  in  regard  to  it  is  ventured. 


LINCOLN'S  LAST  INAUGURAL  ADDRESS.        223 

On  the  occasion  corresponding  to  this  four  years 
ago,  all  thoughts  were  anxiously  directed  to  an  im- 
pending civil  war.  All  dreaded  it ;  all  sought  to 
avoid  it.  "While  the  inaugural  address  was  being 
delivered  from  this  place,  devoted  altogether  to  sav- 
ing the  Union  without  war,  insurgent  agents  were  in 
the  city  seeking  to  destroy  it  without  war — seeking 
to  dissolve  the  Union  and  divide  the  effects  by  nego- 
tiation. Both  parties  deprecated  war,  but  one  of 
them  would  make  war  rather  than  let  the  nation 
survive ;  and  the  other  would  rather  accept  war  than 
let  it  perish,  and  the  war  came. 

One-eighth  of  the  whole  population  were  colored 
slaves,  not  distributed  generally  over  the  Union,  but 
localized  in  the  Southern  part  of  it.  These  slaves 
constituted  a  peculiar  and  powerful  interest.  All 
knew  that  this  interest  was  somehow  the  cause  of 
the  war.  To  strengthen,  perpetuate,  and  extend 
this  interest,  was  the  object  for  which  the  insurgents 
would  rend  the  Union  even  by  war,  while  the  Gov- 
ernment claimed  no  right  to  do  more  than  to  restrict 
the  territorial  enlargement  of  it. 

Neither  party  expected  for  the  war  the  magni- 
tude or  the  duration  which  it  has  already  attained, 
^"either  anticipated  that  the  cause  of  the  conflict 
might  cease  with,  or  even  before  the  conflict  itself 
should  cease.  Each  looked  for  an  easier  tri- 


224  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

umph,  and  a  result  less  fundamental  and  astound- 
ing. 

Both  read  the  same  Bible,  and  pray  to  the  same 
God ;  and  each  invoke  his  aid  against  the  other.  It 
may  seem  strange  that  any  men  should  dare  to  ask  a 
just  God's  assistance  in  wringing  their  bread  from 
the  sweat  of  other  men's  faces ;  but  let  us  judge  not, 
that  we  be  not  judged.  The  prayers  of  both  could 
not  be  answered.  That  of  neither  has  been  an- 
swered fully.  The  Almighty  has  his  own  purposes. 
"  Woe  unto  the  world  because  of  offences,  for  it  must 
.  must  needs  be  that  offences  come ;  but  woe  to  that 
man  by  whom  the  offence  cometh."  If  we  shall 
suppose  that  American  slavery  is  one  of  these  offen- 
ces, which,  in  the  providence  of  God,  must  needs 
come,  but  which,  having  continued  through  his 
appointed  time,  he  now  wills  to  remove,  and  that  he 
gives  to  both  North  and  South  this  terrible  war  as 
the  woe  due  to  those  by  whom  the  offence  came, 
shall  we  discern  therein  any  departure  from  those 
divine  attributes"  which  the  believers  in  a  living  God 
always  ascribe  to  him?  Fondly  do  we  hope,  fer- 
vently do  we  pray,  that  this  mighty  scourge  of  war 
may  soon  pass  away.  Yet,  if  God  wills  that  it  con- 
tinue until  all  the  wealth  piled  by  the  bondman's 
two  hundred  and  fifty  years  of  unrequited  toil  shall 
be  sunk,  and  until  every  drop  of  blood  drawn  with 


225 


the  lash,  shall  be  paid  with  another  drawn  by  the 
sword  ;  as  was  said  three  thousand  years  ago,  so  still 
it  must  be  said,  "  The  judgments  of  the  Lord  are 
true  and  righteous  altogether." 

With  malice  toward  none,  with  charity  to  all, 
with  firmness  in  the  right,  as  God  gives  us  to  see  the 
right,  let  us  strive  on  to  finish  the  work  we  are  in  ; 
to  bind  up  the  nation's  wounds ;  to  care  for  him  who 
shall  have  borne  the  battle,  and  for  his  widow  and 
his  orphans ;  to  do  all  which  may  achieve  and  cher- 
ish a  just  and  a  lasting  peace  among  ourselves  and 
with  all  nations. 


226  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


PBESIDENT  LINCOLN'S  PKOCLAMATION  OF 
AMNESTY. 

AOOOMPAFTING  THE  TEESIDEOT's  MESSAGE,     DEOEMBEE   8,  1863. 

WHEREAS,  in  and  by  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States,  it  is  provided  that  the  President 
"  shall  have  power  to  grant  reprieves  and  pardons 
for  offences  against  the  United  States,  except  in 
cases  of  impeachment ;"  and  whereas  a  rebellion  now 
exists  whereby  the  loyal  State  governments  oi  several 
States  have  for  a  long  time  been  subverted,  and 
many  persons  have  committed  and  are  now  guilty  of 
treason  against  the  United  States ;  and  whereas, 
with  reference  to  said  rebellion  and  treason,  laws 
have  been  enacted  by  Congress  declaring  forfeitures 
and  confiscation  of  property  and  liberation  of  slaves, 
all  upon  terms  and  conditions  therein  stated ;  and 
also  declaring  that  the  President  was  thereby  author- 
ized at  any  time  thereafter,  by  proclamation,  to 
extend  to  persons  who  may  have  participated  in  the 


LINCOLN'S  PROCLAMATION  OF  AMNESTY.       227 

existing  rebellion,  in  any  State  or  part  thereof,  par- 
don and  amnesty,  with  such  exceptions  and  at  such 
times  and  on  such  conditions  as  he  may  deem  expe- 
dient for  the  public  welfare ;  and  whereas  the  con- 
gressional declaration  for  limited  and  conditional 
pardon  accords  with  well  established  judicial  exposi- 
tion of  the  pardoning  power;  and  whereas,  with 
reference  to  said  rebellion,  the  President  of  the 
United  States  has  issued  several  proclamations  with 
provisions  in  regard  to  the  liberation  of  slaves  ;  and 
whereas  it  is  now  desired  by  some  persons  heretofore 
engaged  in  said  rebellion  to  resume  their  allegiance 
to  the  United  States,  and  to  reinaugurate  loyal  State, 
governments  within  and  for  their  respective  States  : 
Therefore, 

"  I,  ABRAHAM  LINCOLN,  President  of  the  United 
States,  do  proclaim,  declare,  and  make  known  to  all 
persons  who  have,  directly  or  by  implication,  partici- 
pated in  the  existing  rebellion,  except  as  hereinafter 
excepted,  that  a  full  pardon  is  hereby  granted  to 
them  and  each  of  them,  with  restoration  of  all  rights 
of  property,  except  as  to  slaves,  and  in  property 
cases  where  rights  of  third  parties  shall  have"  inter- 
vened, and  upon  the  condition  that  every  such 
person  shall  take  and  subscribe  an  oath,  and  thence- 
forward keep  and  maintain  such  oath  inviolate  ;  and 
which  oath  shall  be  registered  for  permanent  preser- 


228  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

Y 

vation,  and  shall  be  of  the  tenor  and  effect  following, 
to  wit : 

"  I, ,  do  solemnly  swear,  in  presence 

of  Almighty  God,  that  I  will  henceforth  faithfully 
support,  protect,  and  defend  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States,  and  the  union  of  the  States  there- 
under ;  and  that  I  will  in  like  manner,  abide  by  and 
faithfully  support  all  acts  of  Congress  passed  during 
the  existing  rebellion  with  reference  to  slaves,  so 
long  and  so  far  as  not  repealed,  modified,  or  held 
void  by  Congress,  or  by  decision  of  the  Supreme 
Court ;  and  that  I  will,  in  like  manner,  abide  by 
and  faithfully  support  all  proclamations  of  the  Presi- 
dent made  during  the  existing  rebellion  having 
reference  to  slaves,  so  long  and  so  far  as  not  modified 
or  declared  void  by  decision  of  the  Supreme  Court. 
So  help  me  God." 

The  persons  excepted  from  the  benefits  of  the 
foregoing  provisions  are,  all  who  are,  or  shall  have 
been,  civil  or  diplomatic  officers  or  agents  of  the  so- 
called  confederate  government ;  all  who  have  left 
judicial  stations  under  the  United  States  to  aid  the 
rebellion ;  all  who  are,  or  shall  have  been,  military 
or  naval  officers  of  said  so-called  confederate  govern- 
ment, above  the  rank  of  colonel  in  the  army,  or  of 
lieutenant  in  the  navy;  all  who  left  seats  in  the 
United  States  Congress  to  aid  the  rebellion  ;  all  who 


LINCOLN'S  PROCLAMATION  OF  AMNESTY.       229 

resigned  commissions  in  the  Army  or  Navy  of  the 
United  States,  and  afterwards  aided  the  rebellion ; 
and  all  who  have  engaged  in  any  way  in  treating 
colored  persons,  or  white  persons  in  charge  of  such, 
otherwise  than  lawfully  as  prisoners  of  war,  and 
which  persons  may  have  been  found  in  the  United 
States  Service  as  soldiers,  seamen,  or  in  any  other 
capacity. 

And  I  do  further  proclaim,  declare  and  make 
known,  that  whenever,  in  any  of  the  States  of 
Arkansas,  Texas,  Louisiana,  Mississippi,  Tennessee, 
Alabama,  Georgia,  Florida,  South  Carolina,  and 
North  Carolina,  a  number  of  persons',  not  less  than 
one-tenth  in  number  of  the  votes  cast  in  such  State 
at  the  presidential  election  of  the  year  of  our  Lord 
1860,  each  having  taken  the  oath  aforesaid,  and  not 
having  since  violated  it,  and  being  a  qualified  voter 
by  the  election  law  of  the  State  existing  immediately 
before  the  so-called  act  of  secession,  and  excluding 
all  others  shall  re-establish  a  State  government  which 
shall  be  republican,  and  in  nowise  contravening  said 
oath,  such  shall  be  recognized  as  the  true  govern- 
ment of  the  State,  and  the  State  shall  receive  there- 
under the  benefits  of  the  constitutional  provision 
which  declares  that  "  the  United  States  shall  guar- 
anty to  every  State  in  this  Union  a  republican  form 
of  government,  and  shall  protect  each  of  them 


230  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

against  invasion ;  and,  on  application  of  the  Legisla- 
ture, or  the  Executive  (when  the  Legislature  cannot 
be  convened),  against  domestic  violence." 

And  I  do  further  proclaim,  declare,  and  make 
known  that  any  provision  which  may  be  adopted  by 
such  State  government  in  relation  to  the  freed 
people  of  such  State,  which  shall  recognize  and 
declare  their  permanent  freedom,  provide  for  their 
education,  and  which  may  yet  be  consistent,  as  a 
temporary  arrangement,  with  their  present  condition 
as  a  laboring,  landless,  and  homeless  class,  will  not 
be  objected  to  by  the  National  Executive.  And  it  is 
suggested  as  not  improper,  that,  in  constructing  a 
loyal  State  government  in  any  State,  the  name  of 
the  State,  the  boundary,  the  subdivisions,  the  consti- 
tution, and  the  general  code  of  laws,  as  before  the 
rebellion,  be  maintained,  subject  only  to  the  modifi- 
cations made  necessary  by  the  conditions  hereinbefore 
stated,  and  such  others,  if  any,  not  contravening  said 
conditions,  and  which  may  be  deemed  expedient  by 
those  framing  the  new  State  government. 

To  avoid  misunderstanding,  it  may  be  proper  to 
say  that  this  proclamation,  so  far  as  it  relates  to 
State  governments,  has  no  reference  to  States 
wherein  loyal  State  governments  have  all  the  while 
been  maintained.  And  for  the  same  reason,  it  may 
be  proper  to  further  say  that  whether  members  sent 


LINCOLN'S  PROCLAMATION  OF  AMNESTY.       231 

to  Congress  from  any  State  shall  be  admitted  to 
seats,  constitutionally  rests  exclusive  with  the 
respective  Houses,  and  not  to  any  extent  with  the 
Executive.  And  still  further,  that  this  proclamation 
is  intended  to  present  the  people  of  the  States 
wherein  the  national  authority  has  been  suspended, 
and  loyal  State  governments  have  been  subverted, 
a  mode  in  and  by  which  the  national  authority  and 
loyal  State  governments  may  be  re-established  within 
said  States,  or  in  any  of  them  ;  and,  while  the  mode 
presented  is  the  best  the  Executive  can  suggest,  with 
his  present  impressions,  it  must  not  be  understood 
that  no  other  possible  mode  would  be  acceptable. 
Given  under  my  hand,  at  the  City  of  Washington, 

the  8th  day  of  December,  A.  D.  1863,  and  of 
[L.  s.]  the  independence  of  the  United  States  of 

America  the  eighty-eighth. 

ABKAHAM  LINCOLN. 
By  the  President. 
WM.  H.  SEWARD,  Secretary  of  State. 


232  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 


PBESIDENT  JOHNSON'S  AMNESTY  PKOCLA- 
MATION. 

BY  THE  PEESIDENT  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES   OF  AMERICA. 

Whereas,  The  President  of  the  United  States,  on 
the  8th  day  of  December,  1863,  did,  with  the  object 
of  suppressing  the  existing  rebellion,  to  induce  all 
persons  to  lay  down  their  arms,  to  return  to  their 
loyalty,  and  to  restore  the  authority  of  the  United 
States,  issue  proclamations  offering  amnesty  and  par- 
don to  certain  persons  who  had  directly  or  by  impli- 
cation, engaged  in  said  rebellion ;  and 

Whereas,  Many  persons  who  had  so  engaged  in 
the  late  rebellion  have,  since  the  issuance  of  said 
proclamation,  failed  or  neglected  to  take  the  benefits 
offered  thereby ;  and 

Whereas,  Many  persons  who  have  been  justly 
deprived  of  all  claim  to  amnesty  and  pardon  there- 
under, by  reason  of  their  participation  directly  or  by 
implication  in  said  rebellion,  and  continued  in  hos 
tility  to  the  Government  of  the  United  States  since 


JOHNSON'S  AMNESTY  PROCLAMATION          233 

the  date  of  said  proclamation,  now  desire  to  apply 
for  and  obtain  amnesty  and  pardon : 

To  the  end,  therefore,  that  the  authority  of  the 
Government  of  the  United  States  may  be  restored, 
and  that  peace,  and  order,  and  freedom  may  be  es- 
tablished, I,  Andrew  Johnson,  President  of  the 
United  States,  do  proclaim  and  declare,  that  I 
hereby  grant  to  all  persons  who  have  directly  or  in- 
directly participated  in  the  existing  rebellion,  except 
as  hereafter  excepted,  amnesty  and  pardon,  with  res- 
toration of  all  rights  of  property,  except  as  to  slaves, 
except  in  cases  where  legal  proceedings  under  the 
laws  of  the  United  States,  providing  for  the  confisca- 
tion of  property  of  persons  engaged  in  rebellion,  have 
been  instituted,  but  on  the  condition,  nevertheless, 
that  every  such  person  shall  take  and  subscribe  to 
the  following  oath,  which  shall  be  registered,  for 
permanent  preservation,  and  shall  be  of  the  tenor 
and  effect  following,  to  wit : 

I  do  solemnly  swear  or  affirm  in  presence  of 
Almighty  God,  that  I  will  henceforth  support,  pro- 
tect, and  faithfully  defend  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States,  and  will,  in  like  manner,  abide  by 
and  faithfully  support  all  laws  and  proclamations 
which  have  been  made  during  the  existing  rebellion 
with  reference  to  the  emancipation  of  slaves.  So 
help  me  God. 


234  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

The  following  classes  of  persons  are  excepted 
from  the  benefits  of  this  proclamation. 

1.  All  who  are  or  have  been  pretended  diplomatic 
officers,  or  otherwise  domestic  or  foreign  agents  of 
the  pretended  Confederate  States. 

2.  All  who  left  judicial  stations  under  the  United 
States  to  aid  in  the  rebellion. 

3.  All  who  have  been  military  or  naval  officers  of 
the  pretended  Confederate  Government  above  the  rank 
of  colonel  in  the  army,  and  lieutenant  in  the  navy. 

4.  All  who  left  their  seats  in  the  Congress  of  the 
United  States  to  aid  in  the  rebellion. 

5.  All  who  resigned  or  tendered  the  resignation 
of  their  commissions  in  the  army  and  navy  of  the 
United  States  to  evade  their  duty  in  resisting  the 
rebellion. 

6.  All  who  have  engaged  in  any  way  in  treating 
otherwise  than  lawfully  as  prisoners  of  war,  persons 
found  in  the  United  States  service  as  officers,  sol- 
diers, seamen,  or  in  other  capacities. 

7.  All  persons  who  have  been  or  are  absentees 
from  the  United  States  for  the  purpose  of  aiding  the 
rebellion. 

8.  All  military  or  naval  officers  in  the  rebel  ser- 
vice who  were  educated  by  the  Government  in  the 
Military  Academy  at  West  Point,  or  at  the  United 
States  Naval  Academy. 


JOHNSON'S  AMNESTY  PROCLAMATION.          235 

9.  All  persons  who  held  the  pretended  offices  of 
Governors  of  the  States  in  insurrection  against  the 
United  States. 

10.  All  persons  who  left  their  homes  within  the 
jurisdiction  and  protection  of  the  United  States,  and 
passed  beyond  the  Federal  military  lines  into  the 
so-called.  Confederate  States  for  the  purpose  of  aiding 
the  rebellion. 

11.  All  persons  who  have  engaged  in  the  de- 
struction of  the  commerce  of  the  United  States  upon 
the  high  seas,  and  all  persons  who  have  made  raids 
into  the  United  States  from  Canada,  or  been  engaged 
in  destroying  the  commerce  of  the  United  States  on 
the  lakes  and  rivers  that  separate  the  British  prov- 
inces from  the  United  States. 

12.  All  persons  who,  at  a  time  when  they  seek  to 
obtain  the  benefits  hereof  by  taking  the  oath  herein 
prescribed,  are  in  military,  naval  or  civil  confinement 
or  custody,  or  under  bond  of  the  military  or  naval 
authorities  or  agents  of  the  United  States  as  pris- 
oners of  any  kind,  either  before  or  after  their  con- 
viction. 

13.  All  persons  who  have  voluntarily  participated 
in  said  rebellion,  the  estimated  value  of  whose  taxa- 
ble property  is  over  twenty  thousand  dollars. 

14.  All  persons  who  have  taken  the  oath  of  am- 
nesty, as  prescribed  in  the  President's  proclamation 


236  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

of  December  8, 1863,  or  the  oath  of  allegiance  to  the 
United  States  since  the  date  of  said  proclamation, 
and  who  have  not  thenceforward  kept  the  same 
inviolate ;  provided,  that  special  application  may  be 
made  to  the  President  for  pardon  by  any  person  be- 
longing to  the  excepted  classes,  and  such  clemency 
will  be  extended  as  may  be  consistent  with  the  facts 
of  the  case  and  the  peace  and  dignity  of  the  United 
States.  The  Secretary  of  State  will  establish  rules 
and  regulations  for  administering  and  recording  the 
said  amnesty  oath,  so  as  to  insure  its  benefits  to  the 
people,  and  guard  the  government  against  fraud. 

In  testimony  whereof,  I  "have  hereunto  set  my 
hand,  and  caused  the  seal  of  the  United  States  to  be 
affixed. 

Done  at  the  City  of  Washington,  this  the  29th 

day  of  May,  1865,  and  of  the  independence  of 

America  the  89th. 

A1STDEEW  JOHNSON. 
By  the  President, 

WM.  H.  SEWARD,  Secretary  of  State. 


A   PEACE   PROCLAMATION.  237 


A  PEACE  PEOOLAMATION, 


ON  the  20th  of  August,  1866,  the  President 
issued  a  proclamation  announcing  the  return  of 
peace  and  restoring  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus  in  all 
the  Southern  States.  Among  the  points  made  in 
this  proclamation  are  the  following : 

"  There  now  exists  no  organized  armed  resistance 
of  the  misguided  citizens  or  others  to  the  authority 
of  the  United  States  in  the  States  of  Georgia,  South 
Carolina,  Yirginia,  North  Carolina,  Tennessee,  Ala- 
bama, Louisiana,  Arkansas,  Mississippi,  and  Florida, 
and  the  laws  can  be  sustained  and  enforced  therein 
by  the  proper  civil  authority,  State  or  Federal,  and 
the  people  of  the  said  States  are  well  and  loyally  dis- 
posed, and  have  conformed,  or  will  conform,  in  their 
legislation  to  the  condition  of  affairs  growing  out  of 
the  amendment  to  the  Constitution  of  the  United 


238  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

States  prohibiting  slavery  within  the  jurisdiction  of 
the  United  States. 

a  #  #  #  The  peOpie  of  the  several  before  men- 
tioned States  have,  in  the  manner  aforesaid,  given 
satisfactory  evidence  that  they  acquiesce  in  this  sov- 
ereign and  important  revolution  of  the  national 
unity. 

"  It  is  believed  to  be  a  fundamental  principle  of 
government  that  people  who  have  revolted,  and  who 
have  been  overcome  and  subdued,  must  either  be 
dealt  with  so  as  to  induce  them  voluntarily  to  become 
friends,  or  else  they  must  be  held  by  absolute  mili- 
tary power,  or  devastated  so  as  to  prevent  them  from 
ever  again  doing  harm  as  enemies,  which  last  named 
policy  is  abhorrent  to  humanity  and  freedom. 

"  The  Constitution  of  the  United  States  provides 
for  constitutional  communities  only  as  States,  and 
not  as  territories,  dependencies,  provinces,  or  protec- 
torates. 

«  *  *  *  Therefore,  I,  Andrew  Johnson,  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States,  do  hereby  proclaim  and 
declare  that  the  insurrection  which  heretofore  existed 
in  the  States  of  Georgia,  South  Carolina,  North 
Carolina,  Virginia,  Tennessee,  Alabama,  Louisiana, 
Arkansas,  Mississippi,  and  Florida  is  at  an  end,  and 
henceforth  to  be  so  regarded." 


THE   CIVIL   EIGHTS    BILL. 


CIVIL  EIGHTS  BILL, 

AS   ADOPTED    BY    CONGRESS,     MABCH,    1866. 

§  1.  That  all  persons  in  the  United  States,  and 
not  subject  to  any  foreign  power,  excluding  Indians 
not  taxed,  are  hereby  declared  to  be  citizens  of  the 
United  States ;  and  such  citizens  of  every  race  and 
color,  without  regard  to  any  previous  condition  of 
Slavery  or  involuntary  service,  except  as  a  punish- 
ment for  crime,  whereof  the  party  shall  have  been 
duly  convicted,  shall  have  the  same  right,  in  every 
State  and  Territory,  to  make  and  enforce  contracts, 
to  sue,  to  be  sued,  be  parties  and  give  evidence ;  to 
inherit,  purchase,  lease,  sell,  hold,  and  convey 
personal  property,  and  to  full  and  equal  benefit  of 
all  laws  and  proceedings  for  the  security  of  person 
and  property  as  are  enjoyed  by  white  citizens ;  and 
shall  be  subject  to  the  like  punishment,  pains  and 
penalties,  and  to  none  other ;  any  law,  statute,  ordi- 


MO  NATIONAL    II AND- BOOK. 

nance,  regulation,  or  custom  to  the  contrary  not- 
withstanding. 

§  2.  And  that  any  person  who,  under  color  of 
any  law,  statute,  ordinance,  regulation,  or  custom, 
shall  subject,  or  cause  to  be  subjected,  any  inhabit- 
ant of  any  State  or  Territory  to  the  deprivation  of 
any  right  secured  or  protected  by  this  act,  or  to  pun- 
ishment, pains,  and  penalties,  on  account  of  such 
person  having  at  any  time  been  held  in  a  condition 
of  slavery,  or  involuntary  servitude,  except  for  the 
punishment  of  crime  whereof  the  party  shall  have 
been  duly  convicted,  or  by  the  reason  of  his  color  or 
race,  than  is  prescribed  for  the  punishment  of  white 
persons,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor, 
and,  on  conviction,  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  not 
exceeding  one  thousand  dollars,  or  imprisonment  not 
exceeding  one  year,  or  both,  in  the  discretion  of  the 
court. 

§  3.  That  the  district  courts  of  the  United  States, 
within  their  respective  districts,  shall  have,  exclu- 
sively cf  the  courts  of  the  several  States,  cognizance 
of  all  crimes  and  offences  committed  against  the 
provisions  of  this  act,  and  also,  concurrently  with  the 
circuit  courts  of  the  United  States,  of  all  causes  civil 
and  criminal,  affecting  persons  who  are  denied,  or 
can  not  enforce  in  the  courts  of  judicial  tribunal 
of  the  State  or  locality  where  they  may  be,  any  of 


THE   CIVIL    EIGHTS   BILL.  241 

the  rights  secured  to  them  by  the  first  section  of  this 
act ;  and  if  any  suit  or  prosecution,  civil  or  criminal, 
has  been,  or  shall  be  commenced  in  any  State  court 
against  any  such  person,  for  any  cause  whatsoever, 
civil  or  military,  or  any  other  person,  any  arrest  or 
imprisonment,  trespasses,  or  wrong  done  or  com- 
mitted by  virtue  or  under  color  of  authority  derived 
from  this  act,  or  the  act  establishing  a  bureau  for  the 
relief  of  freedmen  and  refugees,  and  all  acts  amenda- 
tory thereof,  or  for  refusing  to  do  any  act,  upon  the 
ground  that  it  would  be  inconsistent  with  this  act, 
such  defendant  shall  have  the  right  to  remove  such 
cause  for  trial  to  the  proper  district  or  circuit  court,  in 
the  manner  prescribed  by  the  act  relating  to  habeas 
corpus,  and  regulating  judicial  proceedings  in  certain 
cases,  approved  March  3,  1863,  and  all  acts  amenda- 
tory thereto.  The  jurisdiction  in  civil  and  criminal 
matters  hereby  conferred  on  the  district  and  circuit 
courts  of  the  United  States  shall  be  exercised  and 
enforced,  in  conformity  with  the  laws  of  the  United 
States,  so  far  as  such  laws  are  suitable  to  carry  the 
same  into  effect;  but  in  all  cases  where  such  laws  are 
not  adapted  to  the  object,  or  are  deficient  in  the  pro- 
visions necessary  to  furnish  suitable  remedies  and 
punish  offences  against  the  law,  the  common  law,  as 
modified  and  changed  by  the  Constitution  and 
statutes  of  the  State  wherein  the  court  having  juris- 


2-1:2  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

diction  of  the  cause,  civil  or  criminal,  is  held,  so  far 
as  the  same  is  not  inconsistent  with  the  Constitution, 
and  laws  of  the  United  States,  shall  be  extended, 
and  govern  the  said  courts  in  the  trial  and  disposition 
of  such  causes,  and,  if  of  a  criminal  nature,  in  the 
infliction  of  punishment  on  the  party  found  guilty. 

§  4-.  That  the  district  attorneys,  marshals,  and 
deputy  marshals,  of  the  United  States,  the  commis- 
sioners appointed  by  the  circuit  and  territorial  courts 
of  the  United  States,  with  power  of  arresting,  impris- 
oning, or  bailing  offenders  against  the  laws  of  the 
United  States,  the  officers  and  agents 'of  the  Freed- 
men's  Bureau,  and  every  other  officer  who  may  be 
specially  empowered  by  the  President  of  the  United 
States,  shall  be,  and  they  are,  hereby  specially 
authorized  and  required,  at  the  expense  of  the  United 
States,  to  institute  proceedings  against  all  and  every 
person  who  shall  violate  the  provisions  of  this  act, 
and  cause  him  or  them  to  be  arrested  and  imprisoned, 
or  bailed,  as  the  case  may  be,  for  trial  before  such  of 
the  United  States  or  territorial  courts  as  by  this  act 
have  cognizance  of  the  offence,  and,  with  a  view  to 
affording  reasonable  protection  to  all  persons  in  their 
constitutional  rights  of  equality  before  the  law,  with- 
out distinction  of  race  or  color,  or  previous  condition 
of  slavery  or  involuntary  servitude,  except  as  a  pun- 
ishment for  crime,  whereof  the  party  shall  have  been 


THE   CIVIL   EIGHTS   BILL.  243 

duly  convicted,  and  the  prompt  discharge  of  the 
duties  of  this  act,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  circuit 
courts  of  the  United  States  and  the  superior  courts 
of  the  territories  of  the  United  States,  from  time  to 
time,  to  increase  the  number  of  Commissioners,  so  as 
to  afford  a  speedy  and  convenient  means  for  the 
arrest  and  examination  of  persons  charged  with  a 
violation  of  this  act. 

§  5.  That  said  Commissioners  shall  have  concur- 
rent jurisdiction  with  the  judges  of  the  circuit  and 
district  courts  of  the  United  States,  and  the  judges 
of  the  superior  courts  of  the  territories,  severally  and 
collectively,  in  term  time  and  vacation,  upon  satis* 
factory  proof  being  made,  to  issue  warrants  and 
precepts  for  arresting  and  bringing  before  them  all 
offenders  against  the  provisions  of  this  act,  and,  on 
examination,  to  discharge,  admit  to  bail,  or  commit 
them  for  trial,  as  the  facts  may  warrant. 

§  6.  And  such  Commissioners  are  hereby  author- 
ized and  required  to  exercise  and  discharge  all  the 
powers  and  duties  conferred  on  them  by  this  Act, 
and  the  same  duties  with  regard  to  offences  created 
by  this  act,  as  they  are  authorized  by  law  to  exercise 
with  regard  to  other  offences  against  the  laws  of  the 
United  States.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  all  mar- 
shals and  deputy  marshals  to  obey  and  execute  all 
warrants  and  precepts  issued  under  the  provisions  of 


2M  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

this  act  when  to  them  directed,  and  should  any  mar- 
shal or  deputy  marshal  refuse  to  receive  such  war- 
rant or  other  process,  when  tendered,  or  to  use  all 
proper  means  diligently  to  execute  the  same,  he  shall 
on  conviction  thereof  be  fined  in  the  sum  of  one 
thousand  dollars,  to  the  use  of  the  person  upon 
whom  the  accused  is  alleged  to  have  committed  the 
offence ;  and  the  better  to  enable  the  said  Commis- 
sioners to  execute  their  duties  faithfully  and  effi- 
ciently, in  conformity  with  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States,  and  the  requirements  of  this  act,  they 
are  hereby  authorized  and  empowered,  within  their 
counties  respectively,  to  appoint,  in  writing  under 
their  hands,  one  or  more  suitable  persons,  from  time 
to  time,  to  execute  all  such  warrants  and  other  pro- 
cess as  may  be  issued  by  them  in  the  lawful  perform- 
ance of  their  respective  duties,  and  the  person  so 
appointed  to  execute  any  warrant  or  process  as  afore- 
said shall  have  authority  to  summon  and  call  to  their 
aid  the  bystanders  of  &  posse  comitatus  of  the  proper 
county,  or  such  portion  of  the  land  or  naval  forces  of 
the  United  States,  or  of  the  militia,  as  may  be  neces- 
sary to  the  performance  of  the  duty  with  which  they 
are  charged,  and  to  insure  a  faithful  observance  of 
the  clause  of  the  Constitution  which  prohibits 
slavery,  in  conformity  with  the  provisions  of  this 
act;  and  said  warrants  shall  run  and  bo  executed  by 


THE   CIVIL   EIGHTS    BILL.  245 

said  officers  anywhere  in   the  State   or  Territory 
within  which  they  are  issued. 

§  7.  That  any  person  who  shall  knowingly  and 
wrongfully  obstruct,  hinder  or  prevent  any  officer  or 
other  person  charged  with  the  execution  of  any  war- 
rant or  process  issued  under  the  provisions  of  this  act, 
or  any  person  or  persons  lawfully  assisting  him  or 
them,  from  arresting  any  person  for  whose  apprehen- 
sion such  warrant  or  process  may  have  been  issued  ; 
or  shall  rescue,  or  attempt  to  rescue,  such  person 
from  the  custody  of  the  officer,  other  person  or  per- 
sons, or  those  lawfully  assisting,  as  aforesaid,  when 
so  arrested,  pursuant  to  the  authority  herein  given 
and  declared ;  or  shall  aid,  abet  or  assist  any  person 
so  arrested  as  aforesaid,  directly  or  indirectly,  to 
escape  from  the  custody  of  the  officer  or  other  per- 
sons legally  authorized,  as  aforesaid,  or  shall  harbor 
or  conceal  any  person  for  whom  a  warrant  or  process 
shall  have  been  issued  as  aforesaid,  so  as  to  prevent 
his  discovery  and  arrest  after  notice  of  knowledge  of 
the  fact  that  a  warrant  has  been  issued  for  the  appre- 
hension of  such  person,  shall  for  either  of  said 
offences  be  subject  to  a  fine  not  exceeding  one  thou- 
sand dollars,  and  imprisonment  not  exceeding  six 
months,  by  indictment  before  the  district  court  of  the 
United  States  for  the  district  in  which  said  offence 
may  have  been  committed,  or  before  the  proper  court 


246  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

of  criminal  jurisdiction,  if  committed  within  any  onu 
of  the  organized  Territories  of  the  United  States. 

§  8.  That  the  district  attorneys,  the  marshals, 
their  deputies,  and  the  clerks  of  the  said  district  and 
territorial  courts,  shall  be  paid  for  their  services  the 
like  fees  as  may  be  allowed  to  them  for  similar 
services  in  other  cases  j  and  in  all  cases  where  the 
proceedings  are  before  a  Commissioner  he  shall  be 
entitled  to  a  fee  of  ten  dollars  in  full  for  his  services 
in  each  case,  inclusive  of  all  services  incident  to  such 
arrest  and  examination.  The  person  or  persons 
authorized  to  execute  the  process  to  be  issued  by  such 
Commissioners  for  the  arrest  of  offenders  against  the 
provisions  of  this  act,  shall  be  entitled  to  a  fee  of  five 
dollars  for  each  person  he  or  they  may  arrest  and 
take  before  any  such  Commissioner,  as  aforesaid, 
with  such  other  fees  as  may  be  deemed  reasonable  by 
such  Commissioner  for  such  other  additional  services 
as  may  be  necessarily  performed  by  him  or  them — 
such  as  attending  at  the  examination,  keeping  the 
prisoner  in  custody,  and  providing  food  and  lodgings 
during  his  detention  and  until  the  final  determina- 
tion of  such  Commissioner,  and  in  general  for  per- 
forming such  other  duties  as  may  be  required  in  the 
premises,  such  fees  to  be  made  up  in  conformity  with 
the  fees  usually  charged  by  the  officers  of  the  court 
of  justice,  within  the  proper  district  'or  county,  as 


THE   CIVIL   EIGHTS    BILL.  247 

near  as  practicable,  and  paid  out  of  the  Treasury  of 
the  United  States,  on  the  certificate  of  the  district 
within  which  the  arrest  is  made,  and  to  be  recover- 
able from  the  defendant  as  part  of  the  judgment  in 
case  of  conviction. 

§  9.  That  whenever  the  President  of  the  United 
States  shall  have  reason  to  believe  that  offences  have 
been  or  are  likely  to  be  committed  against  the  pro- 
visions of  this  act  within  any  judicial  district,  it  shall 
be  lawful  for  him,  in  his  discretion,  to  direct  the 
judge,  marshal  and  district  attorney  of  such  district 
to  attend  at  such  place  within  the  district  and  for 
such  time  as  he  may  designate,  for  the  purpose  of 
the  more  speedy  arrest  and  trial  of  persons  charged 
with  the  violation  of  this  act ;  and  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  every  judge  or  other  officer,  when  any  such 
requisition  shall  be  received  by  him,  to  attend  at  the 
place  and  for  the  time  therein  designated. 

§  10.  That  it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  President  of 
the  United  States,  or  such  persons  as  he  may 
empower  for  that  purpose,  to  employ  such  part  of 
the  land  or  naval  forces  of  the  United  States,  or  of 
the  militia,  as  shall  be  necessary  to  prevent  the  vio- 
•  lation  and  enforce  the  due  execution  of  this  act. 

§  11.  That  upon  all  questions  of  law  arising  in  any 
cause  under  the  provisions  of  this  act,  a  final  appeal 
may  be  taken  to  the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States. 


248  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


FKEEDMEFS  BUKEAU  BILL, 

AS   AMENDED   AND   APPEOVED  BY  THE  XXXIXTH  CONGBESS. 

AN  ACT  to  continue  in  force  and  to  amend  "An  act  to  estab- 
lish a  Bureau  for  the  Relief  of  Freedmen  and  Refugees," 
and  for  other  purposes. 

Be  it  enacted  lyy  the  Senate  and  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives of  the  United  States  of  America  in  Con- 
gress assembled.  That  the  act  to  establish  a  Bureau 
for  the  Belief  of  Freedmen  and  Refugees,  approved 
March  third,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-five,  shall 
continue  in  force  for  the  term  of  two  years  from  and 
after  the  passage  of  this  act. 

§  2.  And  oe  it  further  enacted^  That  the  super- 
vision and  care  of  said  bureau  shall  extend  to  all 
loyal  refugees  and  freedmen,  so  far  as  the  same  shall 
be  necessary  to  enable  them  as  speedily  as  practicable 
to  become  self-supporting  citizens  of  the  United 
States,  and  to  aid  them  in  making  the  freedom  con- 


24:9 


ferred  by  proclamation  of  the  cornrnander-in-chief,  by 
emancipation  under  the  laws  of  States,  and  by  con- 
stitutional amendment,  available  to  them  and  bene- 
ficial to  the  republic. 

§  3.  And  l>e  it  further  enacted r,  That  the  Presi- 
dent shall,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the 
Senate,  appoint  two  assistant  commissioners  in  addi- 
tion to  those  authorized  by  the  act  to  which  this  is 
an  amendment,  who  shall  give  like  bonds  and  receive 
the  same  annual  salary  provided  in  said  act,  and 
each  of  the  assistant  commissioners  of  the  bureau 
shall  have  charge  of  one  district  containing  such  ref- 
ugees or  freedmen,  to  be  assigned  him  by  the  Com- 
missioner, with  the  approval  of  the  President.  And 
the  Commissioner  shall,  under  the  direction  of  the 
President,  and  so  far  as  the  same  shall  be,  in  his 
judgment,  necessary  for  the  efficient  and  economical 
administration  of  the  affairs  of  the  bureau,  appoint 
such  agents,  clerks,  and  assistants  as  maybe  required 
for  the  proper  conduct  of  the  bureau.  Military  offi- 
cers or  enlisted  men  may  be  detailed  for  service  and 
assigned  to  duty  under  this  act ;  and  the  President 
may,  if  in  his  judgment  safe  and  judicious  so  to  do, 
detail  from  the  army  all  the  officers  and  agents  of 
this  bureau ;  but  no  officer  so  assigned  shall  have  in- 
crease of  pay  or  allowances.  Each  agent  or  clerk, 
not  heretofore  authorized  by  law,  not  being  a  mili- 


250  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

tary  officer,  shall  have  an  annual  salary  of  not  lesg 
than  five  hundred  dollars,  nor  more  than  twelve  hun- 
dred dollars,  according  to  the  service  required  of  him. 
And  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Commissioner,  when 
it  can  be  done  consistently  with  public  interest,  to 
appoint,  as  assistant  commissioners,  agents,  and 
clerks,  such  men  as  have  proved  their  loyalty  by 
faithful  service  in  the  armies  of  the  Union  during  the 
rebellion.  And  all  persons  appointed  to  service 
under  this  act  and  the  act  to  which  this  is  an  amend- 
ment shall  be  so  far  deemed  in  the  military  service 
of  the  United  States  as  to  be  under  the  military  juris- 
diction, and  entitled  to  the  military  protection  of  the 
government  while  in  discharge  of  the  duties  of  their 
office. 

§  4:.  And  l)e  it  further  enacted,  That  officers  of 
the  Yeteran  Reserve  Corps  or  of  the  volunteer  ser- 
vice, now  on  duty  in  the  Freedmen's  Bureau  as 
assistant  commissioners,  agents,  medical  officers,  or  in 
other  capacities,  whose  regiments  or  corps  have  been 
or  may  hereafter  be  mustered  out  ol  service,  may  be 
retained  upon  such  duty  as  officers  of  said  bureau, 
with  the  same  compensation  as  is  now  provided  by 
law  for  their  respective  grades ;  and  the  Secretary  of 
War  shall  have  power  to  fill  vacancies  until  other 
officers  can  be  detailed  in  their  places  without  detri- 
ment to  the  public  service. 


FKEEDMEN'S  BUREAU  BILL.  251 

§  5.  And  1)6  it  further  enacted,  That  the  second 
section  of  the  act  to  which  this  is  an  amendment 
shall  be  deemed  to  authorize  the  Secretary  of  War  to 
issue  such  medical  stores  or  other  supplies  and  trans- 
portation, and  afford  such  medical  or  other  aid  as 
may  be  needful  *for  the  purpose  named  in  said  sec- 
tion: Provided,  That  no  person  shall  be  deemed 
"destitute,"  "suffering,"  or  "dependent  upon  the 
government  for  support,"  within  the  meaning  of  this 
act,  who  is  able  to  find  employment,  and  could,  by 
proper  industry  and  exertion,  avoid  such  destitution, 
suffering,  or  dependence. 

§  6.  "Whereas,  by  the  provisions  of  an  act  ap- 
proved February  sixth,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty- 
three,  entitled  "An  act  to  amend  an  act  entitled 
1  An  act  for  the  collection  of  direct  taxes  in  insurrec- 
tionary districts  within  the  United  States,  and  for 
other  purposes,'  approved  June  seventh,  eighteen  hun- 
dred and  sixty-two,"  certain  lands  in  the  parishes  of 
Saint  Helena  and  Saint  Luke,  South  Carolina,  were 
bid  in  by  the  United  States  at  public  tax  sales,  and 
by  the  limitation  of  said  act  the  time  of  redemption 
of  said  lands  has  expired ;  and  whereas,  in  accord- 
ance with  instructions  issued  by  President  Lincoln 
on  the  sixteenth  day  of  September,  eighteen  hundred 
and  sixty- three,  to  the  United  States  direct  tax  com 
mission ers  for  South  Carolina,  certain  lands  bid  in  by 


252  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

the  United  States  in  the  parish  of  Saint  Helena,  in 
said  State,  were  in  part  sold  by  the  said  tax  commis- 
sioners to  "  heads  of  families  of  the  African  race,"  in 
parcels  of  not  more  than  twenty  acres  to  each  pur- 
chaser; and  whereas,  under  the  said  instructions,  the 
said  tax  commissioners  did  also  set  apart  as  "  school 
farms  "  certain  parcels  of  land  in  said  parish,  num- 
bered on  their  plats  from  one  to  thirty-three,  inclu- 
sive, making  an  aggregate  of  six  thousand  acres,  more 
or  less:  Therefore,  be  it  further  enacted.  That  the 
sales  made  to  "  heads  of  families  of  the  African  race," 
under  the  instructions  of  President  Lincoln  to  the 
United  States  direct  tax  commissioners  for  South 
Carolina,  of  date  of  September  sixteenth,  eighteen 
hundred  and  sixty-three,  are  hereby  confirmed  and 
established ;  and  all  leases  which  have  been  made  to 
such  "  heads  of  families,"  by  said  direct  tax  commis- 
sioners, shall  be  changed  into  certificates  of  sale  in 
all  cases  wherein  the  lease  provides  for  such  substitu- 
tion; and  all  the  lands  JJGW  remaing  unsold,  which 
come  within  the  same  designation,  being  eight  thou- 
sand acres,  more  or  less,  shall  be  disposed  of  accord- 
ing to  said  instructions. 

§  7.  And  ~be  it  further  enacted,  That  all  other 
lands  bid  in  by  the  United  States  at  tax  sales,  being 
thirty-eight  thousand  acres,  more  or  less,  and  now  in 
the  hands  of  the  said  tax  commissioners  as  |he  prop- 


FKEEDMEN'S  BUREAU  BILL.  253 

erty  of  the  United  States,  in  the  parishes  of  Saint 
Helena  and  Saint  Luke,  excepting  the  "  school  farms," 
as  specified  in  the  preceding  section,  and  so  much  as 
may  be  necessary  for  military  and  naval  purposes  at 
Hilton  Head,  Bay  Point,  and  Land's  End,  and  ex- 
cepting also  the  city  of  Port  Royal,  on  Saint  Helena 
island,  and  the  town  of  Beaufort,  shall  be  disposed 
of  in  parcels  of  twenty  acres,  at  one  dollar  and  fifty 
cents  per  acre,  to  such  persons,  and  to  such  only,  as 
have  acquired  and  are  now  occupying  lands  under 
and  agreeably  to  the  provisions  of  General  Sher- 
man's special  field  order,  dated  at  Savannah,  Georgia, 
January  sixteenth,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-five, 
and  the  remaining  lands,  if  any,  shall  be  disposed  of 
in  like  manner  to  such  persons  as  had  acquired  lands 
agreeably  to  the  said  order  of  General  Sherman,  but 
who  have  been  dispossessed  by  the  restoration  of  the 
same  to  former  owners :  Provided^  That  the  lands 
sold  in  compliance  with  the  provisions  of  this  and  the 
preceding  section  shall  not  be  alienated  by  their  pur- 
chasers within  six  years  from  and  after  the  passage 
of  this  act. 

§  8.  And  l>e  it  further  enacted^  That  the  "  school 
farms  "  in  the  parish  of  Saint  Helena,  South  Caro- 
lina, shall  be  sold,  subject  to  any  leases  of  the  same, 
by  the  said  tax  commissioners,  at  public  auction,  on 
or  before  the  first  day  of  January,  eighteen  hundred 


254  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

and  sixty-seven,  at  not  less  than  ten  dollars  per  acre , 
and  the  lots  in  the  city  of  Port  Royal,  as  laid  down 
by  the  said  tax  commissioners,  and  the  lots  and 
houses  in  the  town  of  Beaufort,  which  are  still  held 
in  like  manner,  shall  be  sold  at  public  auction ;  and 
the  proceeds  of  said  sales,  after  paying  expenses  of 
the  surveys  and  sales,  shall  be  invested  in  United 
States  bonds,  the  interest  of  which  shall  be  appropri- 
ated, under  the  direction  of  the  Commissioner,  to  the 
support  of  schools,  without  distinction  of  color  or 
race,  on  the  islands  in  the  parishes  of  Saint  Helena 
and  Saint  Luke. 

§  9.  And  l>e  it  further  enacted.  That  the  assistant 
commissioners  for  South  Carolina  and  Georgia  are 
hereby  authorized  to  examine  all  claims  to  lands  in 
their  respective  States  which  are  claimed  under  the 
provisions  of  General  Sherman's  special  field  order, 
and  to  give  each  person  having  a  valid  claim  a  war- 
rant upon  the  direct  tax  commissioners  for  South  Car- 
olina for  twenty  acres  of  land,  and  the  said  direct 
tax  commissioners  shall  issue  to  every  person,  or  to 
his  or  her  heirs,  but  in  no  case  to  any  assigns,  pre- 
senting such  warrant,  a  lease  of  twenty  acres  of  land, 
as  provided  for  in  section  7,  for  the  term  of  six  years ; 
but  at  any  time  thereafter,  upon  the  payment  of  a 
sum  not  exceeding  one  dollar  and  fifty  cents  per  acre, 
the  person  holding  such  lease  shall  be  entitled  to  a 


255 

certificate  of  sale  of  said  tract  of  twenty  acres  from 
the  direct  tax  commissioner  or  such  officer  as  may  be 
authorized  to  issue  the  same;  but  no  warrant  shall 
be  held  valid  longer  than  two  years  after  the  issue 
of  the  same. 

§  10.  And  ~be  it  further  enacted,  That  the  direct 
tax  commissioners  for  South  Carolina  are  hereby  au- 
thorized and  required  at  the  earliest  d*ay  practicable 
to  survey  the  lands  designated  in  section  7  into  lots 
of  twenty  acres  each,  with  proper  metes  and  bounds 
distinctly  marked,  so  that  the  several  tracts  shall  be 
convenient  in  form,  and  as  near  as  practicable  have 
an  average  of  fertility  and  woodland;  and  the 
expense  of  such  surveys  shall  be  paid  from  the  pro- 
ceeds of  the  sales  of  said  lands,  or,  if  sooner  required, 
out  of  any  moneys  received  for  other  lands  on  these 
islands,  sold  by  the  United  States  for  taxes,  and  now 
in  the  hands  of  the  direct  tax  commissioners. 

§  11.  And  'be  it  further  enacted,  That  restoration 
of  lands  occupied  by  freedmen  under  General  Sher- 
man's field  order,  dated  at  Savannah,  Georgia,  Jan- 
uary sixteenth,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-five,  shall 
not  he  made  until  after  the  crops  of  the  present  year 
shall  have  been  gathered  by  the  occupants  of  said 
lands,  nor  until  a  fair  compensation  shall  have  been 
made  to  them  by  the  former  owners  of  such  lands  or 
their  legal  representatives  for  all  improvements  or 


256  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

betterments  erected  or  constructed  thereon,  and  after 
due  notice  of  the  same  being  done  shall  have  been 
given  by  the  assistant  commissioner. 

§  12.  And  ~be  it  further  enacted,  That  the  Com- 
missioner shall  have  power  to  seize,  hold,  use,  lease, 
or  sell  all  buildings  and  tenements,  and  any  lands 
appertaining  to  the  same,  or  otherwise,  formerly  held 
under  color  of  title  by  the  late  so-called  Confederate 
States,  and  not  heretofore  disposed  of  by  the  United 
States,  and  any  buildings  or  lands  held  in  trust  for 
the  same  by  any  person  or  persons,  and  to  use  the 
same  or  appropriate  the  proceeds  derived  therefrom 
to  the  education  of  the  freed  people  ;  and  whenever 
the  bureau  shall  cease  to  exist,  such  of  said  so-called 
Confederate  States  as  shall  have  made  provision  for 
the  education  of  their  citizens  without  distinction  of 
color  shall  receive  the  sum  remaining  unexpended  of 
such  sales  or  rentals,  which  shall  be  distributed 
among  said  States  for  educational  purposes  in  pro- 
portion to  their  population. 

§  13.  And  be  it  further  enacted,  That  the  Com- 
missioner of  this  bureau  shall  at  all  times  co-operate 
with  private  benevolent  associations  of  citizens  in 
aid  of  freedmen,  and  with  agents  and  teachers,  duly 
accredited  and  appointed  by  them,  and  shall  hire  or 
provide  by  lease  buildings  for  purposes  of  education 
whenever  such  associations  shall,  without  cost  to  the 


257 


government,  provide  suitable  teachers  and  means  of 
instructions  ;  and  he  shall  furnish  such  protection  as 
may  be  required  for  the  safe  conduct  of  such  schools. 
§  14.  And  be  it  further  enacted.  That  in  every 
State  or  district  where  the  ordinary  course  of  judicial 
proceedings  has  been  interrupted  by  the  rebellion, 
and  until  the  same  shall  be  fully  restored,  and  in 
every  State  or  district  whose  constitutional  relations 
to  the  government  have  been  practically  discontinued 
by  the  rebellion,  and  until  such  State  shall  have  been 
restored  in  such  relations,  and  shall  be  duly  repre- 
sented in  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  the  right 
to  make  and  enforce  contracts,  to  sue,  be  parties,  and 
give  evidence,  to  inherit,  purchase,  lease,  sell,  hold, 
and  convey  real  and  personal  property,  and  to  have 
full  and  equal  benefit  of  all  laws  and  proceedings 
concerning  personal  liberty,  personal  security,  and 
the  acquisition,  enjoyment,  and  disposition  of  estate, 
real  and  personal,  including  the  constitutional  right 
to  bear  arms,  shall  be  secured  to  and  enjoyed  by  all 
the  citizens  of  such  State  or  district  without  respect 
to  race  or  color,  or  previous  condition  of  slavery. 
And  whenever  in  either  of  said  States  or  districts  the 
ordinary  course  of  judicial  proceedings  has  been  inter- 
rupted by  the  rebellion,  and  until  the  same  shall  be 
fully  restored,  and  until  such  State  shall  have  been 
restored  in  its  constitutional  relations  to  the  govern- 


258  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

inent,  and  shall  be  duly  represented  in  the  Congress 
of  the  United  States,  the  President  shall,  through  the 
Commissioner  and  the  officers  of  the  bureau,  and 
under  such  rules  and  regulations  as  the  President, 
through  the  Secretary  of  "War,  shall  prescribe,  extend 
military  protection  and  have  military  jurisdiction 
over  all  cases  and  questions  concerning  the  free  en- 
joyment of  such  immunities  and  rights,  and  no  pen- 
alty or  punishment  for  any  violation  of  law  shall  be 
imposed  or  permitted  because  of  race  or  color,  or 
previous  condition  of  slavery,  other  or  greater  than 
the  penalty  or  punishment  to  which  white  persons 
may  be  liable  by  law  for  the  like  offence.  But  the 
jurisdiction  conferred  by  this  section  upon  the  offi- 
cers of  the  bureau  shall  not  exist  in  any  State  where 
the  ordinary  course  of  judicial  proceedings  has  not 
been  interrupted  by  the  rebellion,  and  shall  cease  in 
every  State  when  the  courts  of  the  State  and  of  the 
United  States  are  not  disturbed  in  the  peaceable 
course  of  justice,  and  after  such  State  shall  be  fully 
restored  in  its  constitutional  relations  to  the  govern- 
ment, and  shall  be  duly  represented  in  the  Congress 
of  the  United  States. 

§  15.  And  le  it  further  enacted,  That  all  officers, 
agents,  and  employe's  of  this  bureau,  before  entering 
upon  the  duties  of  their  office,  shall  take  the  oath 
prescribed  in  the  first  section  of  the  act  to  which  this 


FREEDMEN'S  BUREAU  BILL.  259 

is  an  amendment ;  and  all  acts  or  parts  of  acts  incon- 
sistent with  the  provisions  of  this  act  are  hereby 
repealed. 

SCHUYLER    COLFAX, 

Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 

LAFAYETTE  S.  FOSTEK, 
President  of  Senate  pro  tempore. 

IN  THB  HOTTSE  OF  REPBESENTATIVES  UNITED  STATES, 

July  16,  1866. 

The  President  of  the  United  States  having 
returned  to  the  House  of  Representatives,  in  which 
it  originated,  the  Ibill  entitled  "  An  act  to  continue  in 
force  and  to  amend  '  An  act  to  establish  a  Bureau  for 
the  Relief  of  Freedmen  and  Refugees,'  and  for  other 
purposes,"  with  his  objections  thereto,  the  House  of 
Representatives  proceeded,  in  pursuance  of  the  Con- 
stitution to  reconsider  the  same ;  and 

Resolved,  That  the  said  bill  pass,  two-thirds  of 
the  House  of  Representatives  agreeing  to  pass  the 
same. 

Attest:  EDWARD  MCPHERSON, 

Clerk  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States. 

IN  SENATE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES, 

July  16,  1866. 

The  Senate  having  proceeded,  in  pursuance  of 
the  Constitution,  to  reconsider  the  bill  entitled  "  An 


260  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

act  to  continue  in  force  and  to  amend  *  An  act  to 
establish  a  Bureau  for  the  Relief  of  Freedmen  and 
Refugess,'  and  for  other  purposes,"  returned  to  the 
House  of  Eepresentatives  by  the  President  of  the 
United  States,  with  his  objections,  and  sent  by  the 
House  of  Representatives  to  the  Senate  with  the  mes- 
sage of  the  President  returning  the  bill — 

fiesolved,  That  the  bill  do  pass,  two-thirds  of  the 
Senate  agreeing  to  pass  the  same. 

Attest :  J.  "W.  FORNEY, 

Secretary  of  the  Senate  of  the  United  States. 


PEOVOST  MAESHAL-GENEBAL'S  EEPOET. 

SHOWING  THE  NUMBER  OF  MEN  ENLISTED,  NUMBER  OF  KILLED, 
WOUNDED,  AND  DEATHS  FEOM  DISEASE,  DURING  THE 
REBELLION. 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C.,  Friday,  April  27,  1866. 

THE  following  is  a  condensed  summary  of  the 
results  of  the  operations  of  this  bureau,  from  its  or- 
ganization to  the  close  of  the  war. 

1.  By  means  of  a  full  and  exact  enrollment  of  all 
persons   liable   to  conscription,   under  the  law  of 
March  3  and  its  amendments,  a  complete  exhibit  of 
the  military  resources  of  the  loyal  States,  in  men, 
was    made,    showing    an     aggregate    number    of 
2,254,063,  not  including  1,000,516  soldiers  actually 
under  arms,  when  hostilities  ceased. 

2.  One  million  one  hundred  and  twenty  thousand 
six  hundred  and  twenty-one  men  were  raised,  at  an 
average  cost  (on  account  of  recruitment  exclusive  of 


262  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

bounties,)  of  $9.84  per  man,  while  the  cost  of  recruit- 
ing of  1,356,593  raised  prior  to  the  organization  of 
the  Bureau  was  $34.01  per  man.  A  saving  of  over 
seventy  cents  on  the  dollar  in  the  cost  of  raising 
troops  was  thus  effected  under  this  Bureau,  notwith- 
standing the  increase  in  the  price  of  subsistence, 
transportation,  rents,  &c.,  during  the  last  two  years 
of  the  war.  (Item:  The  number  above  given  does 
not  embrace  the  naval  credits  allowed  under  the 
eighth  section  of  the  act  of  July  4,  1864,  nor  credits 
for  drafted  men  who  paid  commutation,  the  recruits 
for  the  regular  army,  nor  the  credits  allowed  by  the 
Adjutant-General  subsequent  to  May  25,  1865,  for 
men  raised  prior  to  that  date.) 

3.  Seventy-six  thousand  five  hundred  and  twenty- 
six  deserters  were  arrested  and  returned  to  the  army. 
The  vigilance  and  energy  of  the  officers  of  the  Bu- 
reau, in  this  line  of  the  business,  put  an  effectual 
check  to  the  wide-spread  evil  of  desertion,  which,  at 
one     time,    impaired    so    seriously    the    numerical 
strength  and  efficiency  of  the  army. 

4.  The  quotas  of  men  furnished  by  the  various 
parts  of  the  country  were  equalized,  and  a  propor- 
tionate share  of  military  service  secured  from  each, 
thus  removing  the  very  serious  inequality  of  recruit- 
ment, which  had  arisen  during  the  first  two  years  of 
the  war,  and  which,  when  the  bureau  was  organized, 


PEOVOST  MABSHALL-GENEEAL'S  EEPOET.       263 

had  become  an  almost  insuperable  obstacle  to  the 
further  progress  of  raising  troops. 

5.  Records  were  completed  showing  minutely  the 
physical  condition  of  1,014,776  of  the  men  examined, 
and  tables  of  great  scientific  and  professional  value 
have  been  compiled  from  this  data. 

6.  The  casualties  in  the  entire  military  force  of 
the  nation  during  the  war  of  the  rebellion,  as  shown 
by  the   official  muster-rolls   and    monthly  returns, 
have  been  compiled  with,  in  part,  this  result : 

KILLED  IN  ACTION  OR  DIED  OF  WOUNDS  WHILE  IN  SERVICE. 

Commissioned  officers 5,221 

Enlisted  men 90,868 

DIED  FROM  DISEASE  OR  ACCIDENT. 

Commissioned  officers 2,321 

Enlisted  men 182,329 

Total  loss  in  service 280,739 

These  figures  have  been  carefully  compiled  from 
the  complete  official  file  of  muster-rolls  and  monthly 
returns,  but  yet  entire  accuracy  is  not  claimed  for 
them,  as  errors  and  omissions  to  some  extent  doubt- 
less prevailed  in  the  rolls  and  returns.  Deaths  (from 
wounds  or  disease  contracted  in  service)  which  oc- 


264  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK, 

curred  after  the  men  left  the  army  are  not  included 
in  these  figures. 

7.  The  system  of  recruitment  established  by  the 
Bureau,  under  the  laws  of  Congress,  if  permanently 
adopted,  (with  such  improvement  as  experience  may 
suggest,)  will  be  capable  of  maintaining  the  numer- 
ical strength  and  improving  the  character  of  the 
army  in  time  of  peace,  or  of  promptly  and  econom- 
ically rendering  available  the  National  forces  to  any 
required  extent  in  time  of  war. 


THE    UNITED   STATES   AEMY. 


265 


THE  UNITED  STATES  ARMY  DURING  THE  GREAT  CIVIL  WAB 
OP  1861-65. 

THE   following    statement    shows    the  number  of  men 
furnished  by  each  State : 


STATES. 

Men  furnished! 
under     Act     ofl 
April     15,    1861, 
or  75,000  militia 
or  3  months. 

Aggregate.  No. 
of  menfurnish'd 
under  all  calls.     1 

Aggregate  No. 
of  menfurnish'd 
under    all  calls, 
reduced  to  the  3 
years'    standard. 

Maine  

771 
779 
782 
3,736 
3,147 
2,402 
13,906 
3,123 
20,175 
775 

71,745 
34,605 
35,246 
151,785 
23,711 
57,270 
464,156 
79,511 
366,326 
13,651 
49,731 
32,003 
16,872 
317,133 
195,147 
258,217 
90,119 
96,118 
25,034 
75,860 
108,773 
78,540 
20,097, 
12,077 

56,595 
30,827 
29.052 
123,844 
17,878 
50,514 
381,696 
55,785 
267,558 
10,303 
40,692 
27,653 
11,506 
237,976 
152,283 
212,694 
80,865 
78,985 
19,675 
68,182 
86,192 
70,348 
18,654 
12,077 

New  Hampshire  .... 
Vermont 

Massachusetts  

Rhode  Island  

Connecticut 

New  York  

New  Jersey  

Pennsylvania 

Maryland  

West  Virginia 

900 
4,720 
12,357 
4,686 
4,820 
781 
817 
930 
968 
10,501 

District  of  Columbia  . 
Ohio  

Indiana 

Wisconson  

Minnesota                . 

Iowa        

Missouri            

Kentucky  

650 

Tennessee  

Arkansas         ...... 

North  Carolina  

California  

7,451 
216 
617 
895 
1,279 
1,762 
181 
2,395 

7,451 
216 
581 
895 
380 
1,762 
181 
1,011 

Washington  Ter'ty. 

Dakota  

New  Mexico 

1,510 

Total  

93,326 

2,688,523 

2,154,311 

266  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 


EISTOEY  OF  THE  FLAG, 

BY   A   DISTINGUISHED   HISTOBIA3T. 

MEN,  in  the  aggregate,  demand  something  besides 
abstract  ideas  and  principles.  Hence  the  desire  for 
symbols — something  visible  to  the  eye  and  that  ap- 
peals to  the  senses.  Every  nation  has  a  flag  that 
represents  the  country — every  army  a  common  ban- 
ner, which,  to  the  soldier,  stands  for  that  army.  It 
speaks  to  him  in  the  din  of  battle,  cheers  him  in  the 
long  and  tedious  march,  and  pleads  with  him  on  the 
disastrous  retreat. 

Standards  were  originally  carried  on  a  pole  or 
lance.  It  matters  little  what  they  may  be,  for  the 
symbol  is  the  same. 

In  ancient  times  the  Hebrew  tribes  had  each  its 
own  standard — that  of  Ephraim,  for  instance,  was  a 
steer;  of  Benjamin,  a  wolf.  Among  the  Greeks,  the 
Athenians  had  an  owl,  and  the  Thebans  a  sphynx. 
The  standard  of  Romulus  was  a  bundle  of  hay  tied  to 
a,  pole,  afterwards  a  human  hand,  and  finally  an  eagle. 


HISTOET   OF  THE   FLAG.  267 

Eagles  were  at  first  made  of  wood,  then  of  silver,  with 
thunderbolts  of  gold.  Under  Caesar  they  were  all 
gold,  without  thunderbolts,  and  were  carried  on  a 
long  pike.  The  Germans  formerly  fastened  a 
streamer  to  a  lance,  which  the  duke  carried  in  front 
of  the  army.  Kussia  and  Austria  adopted  the  double 
headed  eagle.  The  ancient  national  flag  of  England, 
all  know,  was  the  banner  of  St.  George,  a  white  field 
with  a  red  cross.  This  was  at  first  used  in  the  Col- 
onies, but  several  changes  were  afterwards  made. 

Of  course,  when  they  separated  from  the  mother 
country,  it  was  necessary  to  have  a  distinct  flag  of 
their  own,  and  the  Continental  Congress  appointed 
Dr.  Franklin,  Mr.  Lynch,  and  Mr.  Harrison,  a  com- 
mittee to  take  the  subject  into  consideration.  They 
repaired  to  the  American  army,  a  little  over  9,000 
strong,  then  assembled  at  Cambridge,  and  after  due 
consideration,  adopted  one  composed  of  seven  white 
and  seven  red  stripes,  with  the  red  and  white  crosses 
of  St.  George  and  St.  Andrew,  conjoined  on  a  blue 
field  in  the  corner,  and  named  it  "  The  Great  Union 
Flag."  The  crosses  of  St.  George  and  St.  Andrew 
were  retained  to  show  the  willingness  of  the  colonies 
to  return  to  their  allegiance  to  the  British  crown,  if 
their  rights  were  secured.  This  flag  was  first  hoisted 
on  the  first  day  of  January,  1T76.  In  the  meantime, 
the  various  colonies  had  adopted  distinctive  badges, 


268  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

BO  that  the  different  bodies  of  troops,  that  flocked  io 
the  army,  had  each  its  own  banner.  In  Connecticut, 
each  regiment  had  its  own  peculiar  standard,  on 
which  were  represented  the  arms  of  the  colony,  with 
the  motto,  "  Qui  transtulit  sustinet " — (he  who  trans- 
planted us  will  sustain  us.)  The  one  that  Putnam 
gave  to  the  breeze  on  Prospect  Hill  on  the  18th  of 
July,  1775,  was  a  red  flag,  with  this  motto  on  one 
side,  and  on  the  other,  the  words  inscribed,  "An 
appeal  to  Heaven."  That  of  the  floating  batteries 
was  a  white  ground  with  the  same  "Appeal  to 
Heaven  "  upon  it.  It  is  supposed  that  at  Bunker  Hill 
our  troops  carried  a  red  flag,  with  a  pine  tree  on  a 
white  field  in  the  corner.  The  first  flag  in  South  Car- 
olina was  blue,  with  a  crescent  in  the  corner,  and 
received  its  first  baptism  under  Moultrie.  In  1776, 
Col.  Gadsen  presented  to  Congress  a  flag  to  be  used 
by  the  navy,  which  consisted  of  a  rattle-snake  on  a 
yellow  ground,  with  thirteen  rattles,  and  coiled  to 
strike.  The  motto  was,  "  Don't  tread  on  me."  "  The 
Great  Union  Flag,"  as  described  above,  without  the 
crosses,  and  sometimes  with  the  rattle-snake  and 
motto,  "Don't  tread  on  me,"  was  used  as  a  naval 
flag,  and  called  the  "  Continental  Flag." 

As  the  war  progressed,  different  regiments  and 
corps  adopted  peculiar  flags,  by  which  they  were 
designated.  The  troops  which  Patrick  Henry  raised 


HISTORY   OF   THE   FLAG.  269 

* 

and  called  the  "  Culpepper  Minute  Men,"  had  a 
banner  with  a  rattle-snake  on  it,  and  the  mottoes, 
"  Don't  tread  on  me,"  and  "  Liberty  or  death,"  to- 
gether with  their  name.  Morgan's  celebrated  rifle- 
men, called  the  "Morgan  Rifles,"  not  only  had  a 
peculiar  uniform,  but  a  flag  of  their  own,  on  which 
was  inscribed,  "XI.  Yirginia  Regiment,"  and  the 
words,  "  Morgan's  Eifle  Corps."  On  it  was  also  the 
date,  1776,  surrounded  by  a  wreath  of  laurel. 
Wherever  this  banner  floated,  the  soldiers  knew  that 
deadly  work  was  being  done. 

When  the  gallant  Pulaski  was  raising  a  body  of 
cavalry,  in  Baltimore,  the  nuns  of  Bethlehem  sent 
him  a  banner  of  crimson  silk,  with  emblems  on  it, 
wrought  by  their  own  hands.  That  of  Washington's 
Life  Guard  was  made  of  white  silk,  with  various 
devices  upon  it,  and  the  motto,  "  Conquer  or  die." 

It  doubtless  always  will  be  customary  in  this 
country,  during  a  war,  for  different  regiments  to  have 
flags  presented  to  them  with  various  devices  upon 
them.  It  was  so  during  the  recent  war,  but  as  the 
stars  and  stripes  supplant  them  all,  so  in  our  revolu- 
tionary struggle,  the  "Great  Union  Flag,"  which 
was  raised  in  Cambridge,  took  the  place  of  all  others 
and  became  the  flag  of  the  American  army. 

But  in  1777,  Congress,  on  the  19th  day  of  June, 
passed  the  following  resolution :  "  Resolved,  That 


270  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

the  flag  of  the  thirteen  United  States  be  thirteen 
stripes,  alternate  red  and  white,  that  the  union  be 
thirteen  stars,  white,  in  a  blue  field,  representing  a 
new  constellation."  A  constellation,  however,  could 
not  well  be  represented  on  a  flag,  and  so  it  was 
changed  into  a  circle  of  stars,  to  represent  harmony 
and  union.  Red  is  supposed  to  represent  courage, 
white,  integrity  of  purpose,  and  blue,  steadfastness, 
love,  and  faith.  This  flag,  however,  was  not  used 
till  the  following  autumn,  and  waved  first  over  the 
memorable  battle  field  of  Saratoga. 

Thus  our  flag  was  born,  which  to-day  is  known, 
respected,  and  feared  round  the  entire  globe.  In 
1T94  it  received  a  slight  modification,  evidently 
growing  out  of  the  intention  at  that  time  of  Congress 
to  add  a  new  stripe  with  every  additional  State  that 
came  into  the  Union,  for  it  passed  that  year  the  fol- 
lowing resolution:  "Jtetolwed,  That  from  and  after 
the  1st  day  of  May,  Anno  Domini  1795,  the  flag  of 
the  United  States  be  fifteen  stripes,  alternate  red  and 
white.  That  the  union  be  fifteen  stars,  white,  in  a 
blue  field."  In  1818,  it  was  by  another  resolution 
of  Congress,  changed  back  into  thirteen  stripes,  with 
twenty-one  stars,  in  which  it  was  provided  that  a 
new  star  should  be  added  to  the  union  on  the  admis- 
sion of  each  new  State.  That  resolution  has  never 
been  rescinded,  till  now  thirty-six  stars  blaze  on  our 


HISTOEY  OP  THE  FLAG.  271 

banner.  The  symbol  of  our  nationality,  the  record 
of  our  glory,  it  has  become  dear  to  the  heart  of  the 
people.  On  the  sea  and  on  the  land  its  history  has 
been  one  to  swell  the  heart  with  pride.  The  most 
beautiful  flag  in  the  world  in  its  appearance,  it  is 
stained  by  no  disgrace,  for  it  has  triumphed  in  every 
struggle.  Through  three  wars  it  bore  us  on  to  vic- 
tory, and  in  this  last  terrible  struggle  against  treason, 
though  baptized  in  the  blood  of  its  own  children,  not 
a  star  has  been  effaced,  and  it  still  waves  over  a 
united  nation. 

Whenever  the  "  Star-Spangled  Banner  "  is  sung, 
the  spontaneous  outburst  of  the  vast  masses,  as  the 
chorus  is  reached,  shows  what  a  hold  that  flag  has  on 
the  popular  heart.  It  not  only  represents  our  nation- 
ality, but  it  is  the  people's  flag.  It  led  them  on  to 
freedom — it  does  something  more  than  appeal  to 
their  pride  as  a  symbol  of  national  greatness — it 
appeals  to  their  affections  as  a  friend  of  their  dearest 
rights.  "We  cannot  better  close  this  short  history  of 
our  flag  than  by  appending  the  following  stirring 
poem  of  Drake : 

WHEN  freedom  from  her  mountain  height 

Unfurled  her  standard  to  the  air, 
She  tore  the  azure  robes  of  night, 

And  set  the  stars  of  glory  there  I 


272  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

She  mingled  with  its  gorgeous   dyes 
The  milky  baldric  of  the  skies, 
And  striped  its  pure  celestial  white 
With  streakings  of  the  morning  light; 
Then,   from  his  mansion  in  the  sun, 
She  called  her  eagle-bearer  down, 
And  gave  into  his  mighty    hand 
The  symbol  of  her  chosen  landl 

Majestic  monarch  of  the  cloud 

Who  rear'st  aloft  thy  regal  form, 
To  hear  the  tempest  trumping  loud 
And  see  the  lightning  lances  driven, 

When  strive  the  warriors  of  the  storm. 
And  rolls  the  thunder  drum  of  heaven, 
Child  of  the  sunl    to  thee  'tis  given 

To  guard  the  banner  of  the  free  ; 
To  hover  in  the  sulphur  smoke, 
To  ward  away  the  battle  stroke; 
And  bid  its  blendings  shine  afar, 
Like  rainbows  on  the  cloud  of  war — 

The  harbinger   of  victoryl 

Flag  of  the  brave  I    thy  folds  shall  fly, 
The  sign  of  hope  and  triumph  high, 
When  speaks  the  signal  trumpet  tone, 
And  the  long  line  comes  gleaming  on, 
(Ere  yet  the  life-blood,   warm  and  wet, 
Hath  dimmed  the  glittering  bayonet,) 
Each  soldier's  eye  shall  brightly  turn 
To  where  thy  sky-born  giories  burn, 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FLAG.  273 

And,   as  his  springing  steps  advance, 

Catch  war  and  vengeance  from  the  glance  ; 

And  when  the  cannon's  mouthings  loud 

Heave  in  wild  wreaths  the  battle  shroud, 

And  gory  sabres  rise  and  fall, 

Like  shoots  of  flame  on  midnight's  pall; 

Then  shall  thy  meteor  glances  glow, 

And  cowering  foes  shall  shrink  beneath 
Each  gallant  arm  that  strikes  below 

That  lovely  messenger  of  death. 

Flag  of  the  seas  I    on  ocean  wave 
Thy  stars-  shall  glitter  o'er  the  brave, 
When  death,    careering  on  the  gale, 
Sweeps  darkly  round  the  bellied  sail, 
And  frightened  waves  rush  wildly  back, 
Before  the  broadside's  reeling  rack, 
Each  dying  wanderer  of  the  sea, 
Shall  look  at  once  to  heaven  and  thee, 
And  smile  to  see  thy  splendor  fly, 
In  triumph  o'er  his  closing  eye. 

Flag  of  the  free,   heart's  hope  and  home  I 

By  angel  hands  to  valor  given; 
Thy  stars  have  lit  the  welkin  dome, 

And  all  thy  hues  were  born  in  heaven  I 
Forever  float  that  standard  sheet  1 

Where  breathes  the  foe  but  falls  before  us? 
With  Freedom's  soil  beneath  our  feet, 
And  Freedom's  banner  streaming  o'er  us? 


12* 


274  THE   NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 


IMPORTANT  EVENTS  OF  THE  EEBELLION. 

For  a  Chronology  of  Battles,  see  page  280. 


1859. 

Oct.  16.  John  Brown  and  fifteen  white  men  and  five  negroes 
seize  the  arsenal  at  Harper's  Ferry,  and  kill  four  of  the  in- 
habitants. 

Oct.  17.  The  militia  and  Federal  troops  besiege  Brown  and 
his  men  in  the  armory. 

Oct.  18.  The  armory  captured  by  Colonel  E.  E.  Lee  (now 
General).  Twelve  of  Brown's  men  killed.  Brown  and 
four  men  taken  prisoners. 

Nov.  30.  South  Carolina  Legislature  offer  resolutions,  that 
she  is  ready  to  enter  with  other  States  into  the  formation 
of  a  Southern  Confederacy. 

Dec.  2.  John  Brown  and  two  negroes  hung  at  Charlestown, 

Ya. 
I860. 

April  23.  The  Democratic  National  Convention  assemble  at 
Charleston,  S.  C.,  and  adjourn  to  meet  at  Baltimore,  June 
18.  The  Southern  Delegates  secede,  and  meet  at  same 
time  and  place. 


IMPORTANT   EVENTS   OF   THE   EEBELLION.  275 

May  9.  The  Constitutional  Union  Convention  meet  at  Balti- 
more, and  nominate  John  Bell  for  President,  and  Edward 
Everett  for  Yice-President. 

May  18.  The  Republican  Convention  at  Chicago  nominate 
Abraham  Lincoln  for  President,  and  Hannibal  Hamlin  for 
Yice-President. 

June  23.  The  National  Democratic  Convention  at  Baltimore 
nominate  Douglas  and  Fitzpatrick.  The  Seceders  nom- 
inate Breckin ridge  and  Lane. 

Dec.  5.  The  U.  S.  Treasury  suspends  specie  payment. 
"  20.  South  Carolina  "  Ordinance  of  Secession  "  passed. 
1861. 

Jan.  9.  Mississippi  "  "  " 

"  11.  Alabama  "  "  " 

"  11.  Florida  "  "  " 

"  19.  Georgia  «  "  « 

"  26.  Louisiana  "  "  " 

"  21.  Jefferson  Davis,  of  Mississippi,  withdraws  from  the 

U.  S.  Senate. 

"  29.  Secretary  Dix's  despatch  to  New  Orleans,  "  If  any  one 
attempts  to  haul  down  the  American  flag,  shoot  him  on 
the  spot." 

Feb.  1.  Texas  Ordinance  of  Secession  passed. 
"    9.  Jefferson  Davis  and  A.  H.  Stephens  elected  President 
•  and  Vice-Preside nt  of  the  Southern  Confederacy  by  the 

Convention  at  Montgomery,  Ala. 
April  12.    Bombardment  of  Fort  Sumter — the  first  gun  fired 

of  the  Rebellion — "nobody  hurt"  -  J- 

"     15.  President  Lincoln  calls  for  75,000  three  months' 

volunteers. 
"     16.  The  Confederate  Government  calls  for  32,000  men, 


276         THE  NATIONAL  HAND-BOOK. 

April  16.  Virginia  "  Ordinance  of  Secession  "  passed  in  secret 

session. 
"     16.   N.  Y.  Legislature  appropriates  $3,000,000  for  war 

purposes. 

'     17.  Jefferson  Davis  grants  letters  of  marque. 
"     19.  Sixth  Massachusetts    Eegiment  mobbed  in  Balti- 
more while  en  route  to  "Washington. 
"     19.  President  Lincoln  orders  the  blockade  of  Southern 

ports. 

"  26.  Governor  Brown,  of  Georgia,  by  proclamation,  pro- 
hibits the  payment  of  all  debts  to  Northern  creditors  till 
the  end  of  hostilities. 

May  6.  Arkansas  "  Ordinance  of  Secession  "  passed. 
"  21.  North  Carolina      "  "  « 

"  24.  Colonel  Ellsworth  shot  at  Alexandrfa,  Va. 
"  30.  Secretary  Cameron  declares  slaves  contraband  of  war. 
June  3.  Hon.  S.  A.  Douglas  died  at  Chicago.     His  dying  mes- 
sage to  his  son  was,  "  Tell  them  to  obey  the  laws,  and 
support  the  Constitution  of  the  IT.  S." 
"    8.  The  Sanitary  Commission  authorized  and  appointed  by 

the  Government. 
"   24.    Tennessee  secedes  by  a  vote  of  104,913  for,  and 

32,134  against. 
July  8.  $5,000,000  loaned  the  Government  in  five  hours  by 

N.  Y.  merchants. 

"    10.  President  Lincoln  calls  for  500,000  volunteers. 
Aug.  14.  All  Union  men  notified  by  Jefferson  Davis  to  leave 

the  Confederate  States  in  forty  days. 
11   16.  The  President  issues  a  proclamation  confiscating  rebel 

property. 
Nov.  8.  Captain  Wilkes,  of  the  TJ.  S.  steamer  San  Jacinto. 


BIPORTAOT  EVENTS  OF   THE  EEBELLION.  277 

captures  Mason  and  Slidell,  rebel  emissaries,  on  board 

the  English  steamer  Trent. 
Nov.  19.  The  First  "Stone  Fleet"  sailed  for  the  South  from 

Connecticut  and  Massachusetts. 
11   20.  Kentucky,  in  State  Convention,  adopts  an  Ordinance 

of  Secession. 

Dec.  4.  John  C.  Breckinridge  expelled  from  the  U.  S.  Senate. 
"  20.  The  main  channel  of  Charleston  Harbor  obstructed  by 

sinking  sixteen  vessels  of  the  "  Stone  Fleet." 
"   26.  The  Cabinet  Council  at  Washington  decide  to  give 

up  Mason  and  Slidell. 
"   28.  New  York  banks  suspend  specie  payments. 

ises. 

Feb.  1.  The  President  authorized  by  Act  of  Congress  to  take 
possession  of  all  the  railway  and  telegraphic  lines  when 
required  for  military  purposes. 

"   14.  Commodore  Foote  receives  his  death-wound  in  an  en- 
gagement at  Fort  Donelson. 

March  8.  The  first  Iron-Clad  Naval  Engagement  between  the 
Monitor  and  Merrimac. 

Aug.  9.  Recruiting  brisk,  and  drafting  in  several  States — 
travelling  restricted  by  order  of  Government  to  prevent 
fugitives  escaping. 

Sept.  22.  The  President  issues  his  Emancipation  Proclamation 

to  take  effect  January  1,  1863. 

"  24.  The  President  suspends  the  writ  of  Habeas  Corpus. 
1863. 

Feb.  16.  The  Senate  pass  the  Conscription  Bill,  and  on  the  25th 
the  House  pass  the  same. 

July  13.  Great  Draft  Riot  in  New  York — continues  four  days. 
The  Colored  Orphan  Asylum  and  a  number  of  buildings 


278  THE  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

burned.     Twenty-five  of  the  militia  and  police  killed  or 
wounded,  and  150  of  the  rioters. 

1§64. 

June  5.  Fremont  and  Cochrane  nominated  for  President  and 
Vice-President,  but  subsequently  resign. 

"    8.    The  Baltimore   Convention  nominate    Lincoln    and 
Johnson  for  President  and  Yice-President. 

u   19.  The  Pirate  Alabama  sunk  by  the  Kearsarge  off  the 

coast  of  France. 

Nov.  8.  Lincoln   and  Johnson  elected  President  and  Yice- 
President. 

"  25.  Hotels  in  New  York  burned  by  Southern  incen- 
diaries. 

1865. 
Jan.  31.  General  R.  E.  Lee  appointed  Commander-in-Chief  of 

Eebel  forces  by  Jefferson  Davis. 

Feb.  4.  Failure  of  the  Peace  Negotiations  with  Rebel  Commis- 
sioners.    Gold  in  Richmond  4,400. 

March  11.  The  President  orders  the  disfranchisement  of  non- 
reporting  deserters. 

April  3.  Evacuation  of  Richmond.     Jefferson  Davis  at  Dan- 
ville, Ya.,  a  fugitive. 

"    4.  President  Lincoln  holds  a  levee  in  Jefferson  Davis' 
house. 

"   7.    Grant  urges  Lee  to  surrender,  to  save  further  effusion 
of  blood. 

"   9.   Lee  surrenders  the  Army  of  Northern  Yirginia  to 
General  Grant. 

"    10.  Great  rejoicing  all  over  the  country. 

"   13.  Grant  advises  the  draft  to  be  stopped  and  recruiting 
to  cease. 


IMPOETANT   EVENTS   OF   THE   REBELLION.  279 

April  14.  President  Lincoln  shot  in  Ford's  Theatre,  Washing- 
ton, by  J.  Wilkes  Booth. 

"    15.  President  Lincoln  dies  at  7.20  A.M.      Andrew  John- 
son becomes  the  seventeenth  President. 

"   21.    General  Kirby  Smith  by  proclamation  asserts  his 
ability  to  continue  the  Rebellion. 

"   26.  General  J.  E.  Johnson  surrenders  with  27,500  men. 
May  9.  President  Johnson  issues  a  Peace  Proclamation  declar- 
ing the  war  at  an  end. 

"   10.  Jefferson  Davis  captured  at  Irwinville,  Ga. 

"  13.  $30,000,000  Seven-Thirty  Loan  subscribed  this  day. 


280 


THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


CHKONOLOGICAL  TABLE 


Date. 

Names  and  Places  of  Battles,  En- 
gagements, and  Skirmishes. 

Commanders. 

Union. 

Eebel. 

1861. 

April  12 
•"    19 

June    3 

"    16 
"    17 
"    18 
"    20 

"    28 
July     2 
"      4 
"       6 
"       6 
"       8 
"     10 
"     10 

"    12 

"     12 
"     13 
"     17 

"     18 
"     18 

"     21 

"     22 

Aug.    2 
"      5 

Bombardment  of  Ft.  Sumter.  . 
Riot,  Baltimore  

Maj.  Anderson.  . 

Qen.  Beauregard 

Philippi,  Ya  . 

Cols.  Kelly  and 
Landers  
Maj.  Everett.... 
G-en.  Lyon  
Capt  Cook    .  .  . 

Col.  Porterfield. 

Capt.  
Gen.  Price  
Gov.  Jackson... 
Maj.-Gn.  Magru- 
der 

Seneca  Mills,  Md  

Boonesville,  Mo  

Near  Warsaw,  Mo       .      .... 

Big  Bethel  

Brig.-Gen.  Price. 

Shorter's  Hill,  Va  

Martinsburg  

Gen.  Patterson,  . 
9th  N.  Y  
Col.  Sigel  
45  of  the  3d  Ohio 

Gen.  Johnson... 
Price  &  Jackson. 

Harper's  Ferry  
Carthage,  Mo  
Middle  Fork  Bridge,  Va  
Burlington,  W.  Va  

Monroe  Station,  Mo  

Col   Smith 

Gen.  Harris.  .  .  . 

Col.  Pegram...  . 
Col.  Pegram.  .  .  . 

Laurel  Hill,  Va. 

Cols.  McCook  & 
Andrews  
Gren.  McClellan. 

Col  Woodruff 

Rich  Mountain,  Va  

Barbourville,  Va 

Carrick  Ford,  Va  

Gen.  McClellan. 

Gen.  Garnett.  .  . 

Scarytown,  Va  

Kansas  City,  Mo.    .  . 

Maj.  Van  Horn. 
Glen.  Tyler  

Blackburn's  Ford,  Va  

"-H8SESZ!:; 

j  Gen.  Irwin  ) 
{    McDowell  f 

Gren.  Beauregard 

Dug  Spring,  Mo  

Gen.  Lyon  

Gren.  Price  

Point  of  Rocks,  Md  

CHRONOLOGICAL  TABLE  OF  THE   WAK. 


281 


OF  THE  WAE, 


Killed,  "Wounded,  and  Prisoners. 

Eemarks. 

Union. 

Eebel. 

Reported,  "  Nobody  hurt." 
First  blood  shed  of  the  four  years' 
Rebellion. 

Successful  retreat  of  Sigel. 

Rebels  defeated. 
Rebels  defeated. 

Rebels  defeated. 
Capture  of  200  tents,  60  wagons, 
and  6  cannon. 
Rebels  defeated. 
Gen.  Garnett  killed. 
Three  Federal  colonels  and   two 
captains  captured. 
Rebels  defeated. 

Federal   loss  28  pieces  artillery, 
5,000  small  arms. 

3  k.  7  w  

2  k.  2  w.  2  m  .  .  .  . 

7  k.  8  w  
16k.,  26m  
3k         

2  k  8  w       ..     . 

35  k.  and  w.,  30  p. 
45  k.  and  w  

25  k.  52  w.  28  p.. 

16k.  34  w.  6  m,.. 
Ik.  1  w  

k.,w.,  &  m.uncer.  . 
2k     

3k  10  w.... 

30  k.  and  w.,  20  p. 

2k.  3  w.....  

13k.  31  w  
1  k  3  w 

250  k.  and  w.  .  .  .  . 
7  k  and  w 

2  k.  6  w  

20  k.  40  w     

30  k.  and  w.,  70  p. 

1  k.  3  w  

11  k  35  w  ...     . 

140k.  150  w.l  50  p. 
12k  

1  k  

13  k  40  w 

150  k.  &  w.,  800  p. 

9  k.  38  w.  9  m.  .  .  . 

Ik                  

20  k  and  w 

83  k.  andw..  
4500  k.,  w.,  and  p. 
481k.1011w.700p. 

68  k.  and  w  
1852  k.  andw  

2w  

9  k.  30  w. 

5k.  10  w  
40  k.  80  w     

None  

3  k.  2  w.  7  p  

282 


THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


Date. 

Names  and  Places  of  Battles,  En- 
gagements, and  Skirmishes. 

Commanders. 

Union. 

Eebel. 

1861. 

Aug.     5 

"     10 

"     13 
"     19 

"     26 
"     29 
Sept.     1 
"       1 
"     10 
"     12 
"     13 
12-14 
"     14 
"     17 

u     17 
"     20 
"     21 
"     23 
"     25 
"     25 
"     26 
Oct.      3 
"       8 
"       9 
"     12 
"     13 

"     13 
"     15 
"     16 
"     19 
"     21 
"     21 

«     21 

"     22 

Athens  Mo  

Wilson's  Creek,  Mo  

Gen.  Lyon  

Gens.  Price  and 
McCulloch... 

Charleston   Mo.  .  .  . 

Col.     Dougherty 
and  Lieut.-Col. 
Ransom        .  . 

Col.  Hunter  

Col.  Tyler  

Lexington,  Mo  

Col.  Reed  

Bennett's  Mills,  Mo  

Gen.  Rosecranz. 
Maj.  Gavitt  
Capt.  Eppstein.. 
Gn.  J.J.Reynolds 

Floyd  
Ben.  Talbott.... 
Col.  Brown. 

Black  River,  Mo  

Booneville  Mo 

Cheat  Mountain,  W.  Va  

Gen.  R.  E.  Lee. 

Kansas  City,  Mo         ...    . 

Blue  Mills  Landing,  Mo  

Lieut.  Col.  Scott. 
Col.  Mulligan  .  .  . 
Gen.  Lane  

GnD.R.Atchison 
Gen.  Price  

Lexington,  Mo  

Papinsville,  Mo  

Mechanicsville  Gap  Va 

Chapmansville,  W.  Va  

Col.  Pratt  

Col.  J.  W.  Davis 

Osceola,  Mo  

Col.Montgomery 

Lucas  Bend,  Ky  

Greenbrier,  W.  Va  

Gn.J.J.Reynolds 
Lieut.  Sadler.  .  . 
Col.  W.  Wilson. 
Maj  James  

Gn.H.A.Jackson 
Capt.  Holliday.  . 
Gen.  Anderson.  . 

Hillsboro,  Ky  

Cameron  Ray  Co.,  Mo. 

18  miles  N.E.  of  Lebanon,  Mo. 

Maj.  Wright.  .  .  . 
Lieut.  Tufts.  .  .  . 

Capts.  Lowel  & 
Wright  

Big  River  Bridge,  Mo.  .  .  . 

GnJff.  Thompson 
Gen.  Thompson  . 

Maj.  Gavitt  

Big  Hurricane  Creek,  Mo..  .  .  . 
Edwards'  Ferry  Va 

Col.  E.  D.  Baker 

Gen.  p]vans  
Jeff.  Thompson  & 
Col.  Lowe.... 
Gen.  Evans  .... 

Ball's  Bluff  
Buffalo  Mills,  Mo  . 

Col.  Baker  

CHRONOLOGICAL   TABLE   OF   THE   WAR. 


283 


Killed,  Wounded,  and  Prisoners. 

Remarks. 

Union. 

Eebel. 

10k.  andw  
223k.  721  w.292m 

23  k  50  W 

5  wagon-loads  of  supplies  and  40 
horses  were  captured  from  the 
rebels. 

Gen.  Lyon  killed. 
Rebels  routed. 

Rebel  loss  not  known. 
Rebel  loss  not  known. 
Rebels  retreated  with  small  loss. 

421k.  1317  w.  3m 

1  k.  6  w  

20  k.  and  w.,  17  p 

15  k  40  w  30  p. 

6  or  6  w  

8  k.  several  w.  .  .  . 

3  k.  6  w  

6  w 

30  k  . 

16  k.  102  w  

Unknown  

5  k.  4  p  . 

100   horses  and  their  tents  and 
supplies  were  captured. 

And  all  their  tents  and  supplies, 
lebels  defeated. 
CoL  J.  W.  Davis  killed. 

lebels  routed. 
A  drawn  battle. 

lebels  routed. 

Jnions  burned  the  bridge. 
Rebels  defeated. 

Col.  Lowe  killed,  80  prisoners  and 
4  heavy  guns  captured. 
Col.  Baker  killed. 

1  k.  4  w  

13  k.  20  w.  60  p.. 

12  k.  30  w  
100  k.  &  w.,  20  p.. 
7  k.  6p  

7k...  

100  k.  and  w  

42k.l08w.  1624  p. 
17  k.40  w  
3k.  10  w  
4  k.  8  w  
1  k.  4  w  

25  k.  75  w  

40k.  100  p  
15  k.  30  w  
29k.  50  w.  47  p.. 
10  k  

None  
8k.  32  w  
3  k.  3  w  
13k.21  w  
Ik.  4  w  

4k.  5  p  
100k.  95  w.  13  p.. 
11  k.  29  w.  22  p.. 
100  k.  &  w.  35  p.. 
8  k.  5  p.  . 

1  k 

62  k.  and  w.,  30  p. 
2  k.  and  w  

2  k.  5  w.  3  m  

1  k.  6  w  

5  k.  and  4  w  .  . 

11  k  
14  w  

223  k.  250  w.  500  p 

7  k.  60  w  

36  k.  and  w  
14k.  8  p  
200  k.  and  w  

Rebel  loss  heavy.  . 
36  k.  264  w.  2  p.. 
20  k.  and  w.  60  p.. 

223k.266w.455m. 

284 


THE   NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 


Date. 

Names  and  Places  of  Battles,  En- 
gagements, and  Skirmishes. 

Commanders. 

Union. 

Kebel. 

1861. 

Oct.    23 
"     23 
"     25 
"     26 
"     26 
Nov.    2 
"      7 

«      7 

"      7 

"      8 

"       8 
1     10 
1     10 
1     11 
'     12 
'     14 
1     18 
"     22 
"     24 
"     25 
"     29 
Dec.     1 
"       2 

"      3 

"      4 
"       5 
"      7 

u        7 

"   11 

11     13 

"    17 
"     17 
"     18 

"     20 
"     20 

West  Liberty,  Ky  

Hodo-esville,  Ky.  

Lieut.  Gray  son. 
Maj  Zagonyi 

Springfield   Mo       

New  Creek,  Va  

Gen.  B.  F.  Kelley 

Col.A.McDonald 

Plattsburg,  Mo.  

Platte  City,  Mo  

Maj.  Josephs  .  .  . 
Gens.    Grant    & 
Me  Cl  ern  an  d 

Silas  Gordon... 

Port  Royal,  S.  C  

Com.   Dupont  & 
General  "W.  T 
Sherman  .... 
Gen.  Grant.  .  .  . 

Gen.  Dray  ton.  .  . 
Gen.  Polk  

Belmont  Mo  

Holla,  Mo  

Piketon,  Ky  

Nelson's  Brigade 

New  River,  Va  

Col.K.V.Whaley 
Col.  Anthony 

Kansas  City,  Mo  

McCoy's  Mill,  Va     

Gen.  Benham.  .  . 

Gn.  Floyd's  array 

Fort  Pickens  Fla  

Lancaster  Va       . 

Col  Moore 

Lt.  Col.  Blanton  . 

Dranesville,  Va  

Col  Bayard 

Black  "Walnut  Creek,  Mo 

Maj  Hough 

Hunter's  Chapel  

Gen  Blenker 

Capts.  Young  & 
"Wheatley.  .  .  . 
Cols.  Freeman  & 
Turner.  

Salem,  Mo  

^Taj.  Bowen  .... 

"Whip-poor-will  Bridge,  Ky  .  .  . 

Home  Guards.  . 

GnT.C.Hindman 

Dam  No.  5,  Va  

Olathe,  Mo  

Bertrand,  Mo      

Lt.  Col.  Rhodes. 
3rig.  Gn.  Milroy. 

Gen.  Pope  
Col.  J.  C.  Davis  & 
Gen.  Steele.  .  . 

Col.  B.  Johnson. 
Gen.  Bragg  

M  umfordsville,  Ky  
Osceola,  Mo  
Millford  Mo  

Danesville,  Va  

Gen.  E.  0.  C.  Ord 
M^j  McKc6 

Gen.  Stuart.... 

Hudson  Mo     

CHRONOLOGICAL   TABLE   OF   THE   WAK. 


285 


Killed,  Wounded,  and  Prisoners. 

Bemarks. 

Union. 

Eebel. 

8w.'!!.'."!."!.".!!i 

48  k.  27  w.  10  m. 
2  k.  14  w  

10  k.  5  w.  6  p.  .  . 
3  k.  5  w.  
106k.  27  p  
10k.  15  w  
8  k  12  p 

Lieut.  Grayson  severely  wounded. 
Rebels  routed. 
Col.  Angus  McDonald  captured. 

500  head  of  cattle,  40  horses  and 
mules  captured. 
Rebels  defeated. 

Col.  Whaley  captured. 
Union  troops  withdrawn. 

Col.  Crogham  killed. 

Many  wounded  and  prisoners. 

tfaj.  Hough  wounded. 
Rebels  defeated. 

13k.  and  w.,  30  p. 
155  p.  . 

89  k.  150  w.  150  m 

8k.  23  w.  2500  p. 
84  k.  288  w.  285m. 

k.&  w.  not  reported 
261k.427  w.278m 
9p.. 

6  k.  24  w  

10k.  15  w  

8k.  10  w  «. 

8  k.  12  w.  45  p.   . 

8  k.  8  w  

2  k  ;. 

12p.. 

15k  

150p.. 

2  k.  13  w.. 

1  k.  2  w  

13k     .  . 

2  w  
6w  
Ik  

2k.4p  
I7k.5p  
4  k.  and  w.  2  p  .  .  . 

7k  10  w.. 

Rebels  defeated  ;  loss  unknown. 

15  k.  and  w  

4.w  

6  k.  and  w.  11  p.  . 
3  k.  5  w  

Rebels  defeated. 

Rebels  report  about  the  same  loss, 
lebels  defeated. 

70  wagons  with  stores  &  equipage, 
lebels  defeated. 
Rebels  defeated. 

12k  

2  k  
1  k  

3  k.  5  w  
16p.. 

20  k.  107  w.  10  m. 
10  k  17  w 

33  k  60  w 

2  k.  17  w  

300p  
1300  p  

7  k.  61  w  

5  k.  150  w.  30  p. 
10k.  17  p  

286 


THE   NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 


Date. 

Names  and  Places  of  Battles,  En- 
gagements, and  Skirmishes. 

Commanders. 

Union. 

Eebel. 

1861. 

Dec.   22 

"     28 
1362. 

Jan.      1 
"      4 
"      4 

"       7 
"      7 

"      7 
"      8 
"     10 
"     19 

Feb.     7 
"      8 

8 
9 

14 
14 
14 
16 

«     17 

"     18 

"    21 
March  7 
"      8 

"      8 
"     14 

(  Newport  News,  Va.  ) 
/  New  Market  Bridge    J  '  ' 

Maj.  Schoepf.  .. 

Col.  Jno.  Glover 
Gen  Stevens 

Port  Royal  Ferry  S  C... 

Bath,  Va  

Gen.  Jackson..  . 

Huntersville  W.  Va 

Maj  Webster 

Blue's  Gap,  "W.  Va  

Col.  Dunning.  . 

30  miles  east  Button,  W.  Va.  . 
Paintsville,  Ky  

Col.H.  Anisansel 

Col.  Garfield... 
Maj.  Torrence.  . 
Gen.  Garfield.  .  . 
Gen.  Thomas.  .  . 

Col.  Friedman.  . 

Hum'y  Marshall 
Col.  Poindexter. 
Hum'y  Marshall. 
Gen.  Zollicoffer. 

Silver  Creek  Mo  

Mill  Sprint,  Ky.  . 

Capture  of  forts  t>n  Roanoke 
Island,  N.  C  

Com.     Goldsbo- 
rough  &  Gen. 
Burnside  
Capt.  Smith  .... 

Gen.  Wise  

Near  Fort  Henry  Tenn  

Com.  Foote  and 
Gren.  Grant.  .  . 
Gen.  Lander.   .  . 

Gen.  Tilghman.  . 

Blooming  Gap,  Va  

Flat  Lick  Ford,  Ky.  .    .  . 

Col   Munday 

Fort  Donelson  

Capture  of  Fort  Donelson  

Sugar  Creek,  Ark  

Com.  Foote  
Gen.  Grant  

Gen.  Buckner.  .  . 

Quantrell      and 
Parker  

Valverde,  N.  M  

CoL  Cranby.  .  .  . 
Capt.  Cole  .  .  . 

Col   Steele  

Winchester,  Va  

Pea  Ridge,  Ark  

Gens.  Curtiss,  Si- 
gel,  Asboth,  & 

Gens.  Van  Dorn, 
Price,   McCul- 
loch,  and  Pike 

Hampton  Roads,  Va  

U.  S.  war  ship 
Cumberland.. 
Gen.  Pope  

Gens.  McCrogan, 
Stuart,  Gauth. 

CHKONOLOGICAL   TABLE   OF   THE   WAK. 


287 


Killed,  Wounde< 

I,  and  Prisoners. 

Union. 

P.ebel. 

6  w  

10k  

3  k.  46  w  

25  k.  150  w.  40  p 

90  horses  and  105  stand  of  arms 

3  k.  11  w  

6  k.  12  w  

were  captured. 
Rebels  retreated. 

3  k.  30  p  

7k..*  

Unions  retreated. 

None  

2  k.  1  w  
3  k.  10  w  
2k.  25  w  
39  k.  207  w  

2  w  

2k.  7  w  
15k.  20  p  
22  k.  and  w  

15p  
12k.  22  w.  15  p.. 
50k.  25  p  
192  k.  140  p  

1  k.  12  p  

$50,000  worth  of  army  stores  were 
captured. 
3  cannon  and  their  wagons  were 
captured. 
56  head  of  cattle  and  15  horses 
were  captured. 
Rebels  dispersed. 
Rebels  retreated. 
Rebels  retreated. 
Gen.  Zollicofler  killed,  1,200  horses 
and  mules,  100  large  wagons  and 
2,000  muskets  were  captured. 
12  horses  captured. 

50k.  150  w  
1  k.  1  w  

39  k.  23  w  
7k  

30  k.  50  w.  2500  p.. 
8  k.  7  w.  17  p  

5k.  30  p  

13  k.,  20  w  ,  65  p 

6  forts,  40  guns,  and  3000  small 
arms  were  captured. 
32  horses  captured. 

including  17  officers. 

None  
60  k.  and  w  

4k.  4  w.  3p  

Com.  Foote  was  severely  wounded. 

446  k.  1785  w.  and 
150p    . 

231  k.  1007  w.  and 
15  000  p 

Brig.     Gen.     Buckner     captured. 
Gens  Floyd  and  Pillow  escaped. 

13  k.  and  w  

1  k  3  w  

3k.... 

55  k.  140  w  

Rebel  loss  about  the  same. 

3w  

1351  k.  w.  andm. 
100  k.  &  drowned. 

6  k.  5  w  

2000  k.  and  w  

Capt  Cole  wounded.                  ^ 

Gens.  McCulloch,  Mclntosh,  and 
Slack  were  killed. 
U.  S.  sloop-of-war  Cumberland  de- 
stroyed. 

51  k  

$100,000  worth  of  military  stores 
were  captured  from  the  Rebels. 

288 


THE   NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK, 


Date. 

Names  and  Places  of  Battles,  En- 
gagements, and  Skirmishes. 

Commanders. 

Union. 

BebeL 

1862. 

Mar.   14 
"      14 

"15-18 
"      22 
"      23 
"      26 
"      28 

"      29 

April    5 

6-7 

"       8 
1-1 

"     11 

"     11 
"     16 
"     20 
"     26 

May     S 
"      4 
"       5 

"       7 
"       8 

"       8 

"       9 

"       9 

"     13 

11     13 
"     14 
"     15 
"     15 

"     16 

Newborn,  N.  C  

Gen.  Burnside.  . 
Col.  Carter  and 
Lt.Cl.Keigwin 

Gen.  Branch  .  .  . 

Cumberland  Mts  ,  Ky  

Independence   Mo 

Quantrell 

Winchester  Va  

Gen.  Shields... 

Gn.  T.  J.  Jackson 

Vallis  Ranch  N.  M  

Col.  Slough  
Capt.  Thompson 

Gen.  McClellan  . 
Gens.  Grant  and 
Buell  

Col.  Scurry  and 
Maj.  Pyron.  .  . 
Col.  Parker  

Warrensburg  Mo     

Sie^e  of  Yorktown,  Va  

Pittsburg  Landing,  Tenn  
Corinth  Miss               .        .     . 

Gens.  Johnson  & 
Beanregard  .  . 

Gen.  Sherman 

Bombardment  and  capture  of 
Island  No  10        .  .      . 

Com.  Foote  and 
Gen.  Pope... 
Gen.  Hunter..  .  . 

Gen.   Makad  .  .  . 
Col.  Olmstead., 

Capture  of  Fort  Pulaski,  Ga... 
Yorktown,  Ya  

Lee's  Mills  Ya     

Gen.  McClellan. 
Gen.  Reno  
Gens.    Burnside 
and  Parker  .  .  . 

Gen.  Lee  

South  Mills,  N.  C  
Fort  Macon  N  C 

Col.  White  

Farmington    Miss  

Williamsburg  Ya  .  . 

Gen.  Stoneman. 
Gens.     Kearney 
and  Hooker  .  . 
Col.  Foster.  .... 

(i 

Gen.  Longstreet 

Somerville  Heights,  Ya  

Corinth    Miss              

Maj  Arlington  . 

McDowell,  W.  Ya  

Gens.  Schenck  & 
Milroy  

12m.  from  Athens,  Ala  
Farmington,  Miss  

McDowell,  Ya  

Capt.  Connet.  .  . 
Gen.  Pope  

Gens.   Milroy  & 
Schenck  

Col.  Woodward. 
Gens.     Ruggles, 
Price,  Yan  Dorn. 

Gen.  Jackson.. 

Monterey,  Tenn  

Trenton  Bridge  N  C  

Near  Trenton  N  C 

Maj.  Fitzsimons  . 

CHRONOLOGICAL   TABLE   OF   THE   WAR. 


289 


Killed,  Wounded,  and  Prisoners. 

Kemarks. 

Union. 

Eebel. 

39  k.  150  w  

50  k.  200  w.  200  p. 
3  k.  6  w.  18  p  

6  forts  captured. 
59  horses,  100  guns,  and  100  sa- 
bres were  captured. 

Rebels  defeated. 
Rebels  retreated  in  disorder. 
Many  wounded. 

Rebels  retreated. 
Col.  Parker  and  Capt.  Walton  taken 
prisoners. 

Beauregard's  Report. 

47    guns  and  40,000  pounds    of 
powder  captured. 

Rebels  routed. 
Fort  captured. 

Rebel  loss  heavier. 
Unions  retreated. 
Maj.  Arlington  killed. 
Rebel  loss  computed  to  be  much 
greater. 
Capt.  Connet  captured. 

Rebel  loss  much  greater. 
Unions  lost  their  camp,  baggage, 
and  stores. 

Rebels  defeated. 
Naval  engagement. 

Maj.  Fitzsimons  wounded. 

Ik  
100k.  400  w  

7  k.  11  p  
600  k.  300  p  
15k  

88k.  64  w.  17  p.. 
2  k 

80k.  100  w.  93  p. 
15  k  25  p 

1614  k.    7721  'w. 
3963  m     

3k.  22  w  

1728    k.    8012   w. 
959  m.  .  .  . 

15  k.  25  w  

17k   6300  p 

1  k.  1  w  

3  w.  360  p  

32  k.  100  w  
90  k  

25  k.  75  w  

1  k.  3  w  

7k.  18  w  
8  k  

2  k.  20  w  

7  k.  25  p  .. 

2073k.  <few.  623  p. 
29  k.      . 

500  p   . 

4w  
30k.  200  w  

30  k  

5  k  

13  k  

40  k.  120  w  

20  k  177  w 

40  k.  200  w 

2  k  

10  k  

10  k  

17  k.  20  w  

17  k  .  ..    .. 

6  p  

6  k.  many  w  

13 


290 


THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


Date. 

Names  and  Places  of  Battles,  En 
gagements,  and  Skirmishes. 

Commanders. 

Union. 

Rebel 

1862. 

May    17 
"     18 

"     18 

"     19 
"     20 
"     21 
11     23 

"     23 
"     24 

"     25 
"     26 
"     27 

"     28 
"     29 
"     29 
"     30 

"     30 

"  -31 
"     31 

June     1 

"      1 
"      4 

"       8 

"       9 
"     10 

"     12 
"     14 
"     15 

Corinth         

Near  Searey  Ark 

Gen.  Osterhaus 
Gen.  Cox  

Princeton,  Va  
Newborn  N  C  

Humphrey  Mar- 
shall   

Moorfield,  Va  

Lt.  Col.  Downey 

Near  Corinth  Miss  

Lewisburg.  Va.  

On  the  Chickahominy  

Col.  Cook  

Gen.  Heath  

New  Bridge,  on   the   Chicka- 
hominy   

4th  Mich  

5th  La  

Winchester  Va  

Gen.  N.  P.  Banks 
Col.  Cluseret... 

Gens.  Ewell  and 
Johnson  
Gen.  Jackson  .  .  . 

Near  Winchester  Va  

Near  Hanover  C.  H  ,  Va  .  .  . 

Corinth  Miss       

Col.  Purcell  .    .  . 

Gen.  Morell.  .  .  . 

Gen.  Branch.  .  .  . 

Pocotaligo  S  C      

Corinth  Miss               . 

Gen.  Halleck  .  . 

Gen.  Beauregard 

Front  Royal,  Va  

Near  Washington,  N  C. 

Fair  Oak^  Va  

Gen.  McClellan. 
Gen.  Fremont.  . 

Gn.  J.E.  Johnson 
Gen.  Jackson  

Between  Strasburg  and  Staun- 
ton,  Va  

Near  Jasper,  Tenn   

Gen.  Negley  .  .  . 
Gen.  Fremont.  . 

Gen.  Shields  

Gen.  Adams  .  .  . 
Gen.    Stonewall 
Jackson  
Gen.  Jackson  .  .  . 

Cross  Keys,  Va       

Port  Republic  Va 

Near  Village  Creek',  Ark  
On  James  Island  S  C 

Col.  Brackett.  .  . 

Capt.  Hooker.  .  . 

On   James    Island,    Secession- 
ville,  SO           

Gen.  Benham  .  . 

Col.  Lamar  

CHRONOLOGICAL   TABLE   OF   THE   WAR. 


291 


Killed,  Wounded,  and  Prisoners. 

Eemarks. 

Union. 

Eebel. 

10  k.  81  w  

12k.  many  w  .  

Rebel  loss  about  100. 
Cox  defeated. 

4  cannons  and  200  stand  of  arms 
were  captured  from  the  rebels. 
Many  rebels  killed. 

Banks  retreated. 
Rebel  killed    and  wounded    un- 
known. 
Rebel  loss  between  200  and  300 
k.  and  w.,  and  500  pris. 
Rebel  killed  left  on  the  field. 

2000  prisoners  and  large  supplies 
taken. 
6  officers  were  captured,  2  engines, 
and  11  cars. 
Rebels  defeated. 

30  k.  70  \v  

5  k  

11  k 

25  k  

4k.  12  p  

10k.40w.  8miss'g 
1  k.  6  w  

100  p.. 

15  w.  31  p  
50  k.  and  w.,  37  p. 

10  k  

7  w  

25  p.  . 

54k.  194  w.  &  m. 
25  k.  and  w.  .    . 

30  k  

53  k.  326m  

400k.  Aw.,  600  p. 
20  k.  and  w  

11  k  

8k.  5  w  
2  w  

20k.  &  w.,  156  p.. 
11  k  

890k.  3627  w.  and 
1222  p  

2800  k.  3897  w... 

• 

Rebels  defeated. 

iebel  loss  considerable. 
Union  troops  retreated.   Rebel  loss 
about  1000. 
lebel  killed  and  wounded  left  on 
tlie  field, 
lebels  defeated. 

Jnions  defeated. 

12  k.  and  w  

5739  loss  

8000  k.  and  w.  .  .  . 
12k.  &  w.,  25  p.. 

125  k.  500  w  

67   k.  361   w.  and 
5740  m 

4k.  13  w  

13  w 

15k.  2  w  

28  k.,  w.,  and  p.  .  . 
17  k.  8  w  

3  k.  19  w  

685  k.,  w.,  and  p.. 

40  k.  100  w  

292 


THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


Date. 

Names  and  Places  of  Battles,  En- 
gagements, and  Skirmishes. 

Commanders. 

Union. 

Kebel. 

1862. 

June  18 
"     25 
"     26 
"     27 
"     27 
"     27 
July     1 
"     23 

"     24 
"     25 
"     28 

"     29 
Aug.    2 
"       5 

"       5 
"       6 

"      7 
u      7 

"       7 
"       9 
"     11 
"     11 
"     11 
"     11 
"     12 

"     15 
"     16 
"     19 
"     20 

"     20 
"     21 
"     22 

"     25 

"     27 
"     28 

Near  Smith  ville,  Ark.  .  .  .  
Oak  Grove,  Va  

Maj.  Zeley  
Gen.  Hooker.  .  . 
McClellan  
Gen.  McClellan. 
Gen.  Porter  
Col.  Brackett.  .  . 

Capt.  Jones.  .  .  . 
Gen.  Lee  
Gen.  Lee  
Gen  Lee  

Chickahominy  

Near  Richmond  

Games'  Mills,  "Va.  

Gen.  Lee  

Village  Creek  Ark 

Mah-era  Hill  Va 

Gen.  McClellan. 
Maj.  Caldwell  .  . 

Capt.  Harman  .  . 

Gen   Lee 

Florida  Mo  

Col.  Porter  

Near  Decatur  Ala       ... 

Near  Orange  C.  H  ,  Ya  

Gen.  Gibson  

Moore's  Mills  Mo 

Cols.  Porter  and 
Cobb  

Brownsville  Tenn 

Capt.  Dollin  

Orange  C.  H.,  Ya     

Gen.  Crawford.. 
Gen,  Williams  .  . 

Baton  Rouge  La                . 

Gen.  J.  C.  Breck- 
inridge  

Malvern  Hill,  Ya. 

Near  Mattapony  River,  Ya.  .  . 
Fort  Filmore,  N  M     

Generals  Gibbon 
and  Cutter  .  .  . 
CoLCanby  

Gen.  Stuart  
Col.  Sibley  
Capt.  Faulkner. 
Col.  Porter  .... 

Kirkville,  Mo.           

Col.  McNeill  .  .  . 
Gen.  Banks  .... 

Cedar  Mountain,  Ya  

Gen.  Jackson.  .  . 
Jeff.  Thompson  . 
CoL  Poindexter. 
Anderson  

11  miles  east  of  Helena,  Ark. 
Compton's  Ferry  Mo 

Col.  Guitars  
Col.  McGowan.. 

Kindfirhook,  Tenn  „    ,  .      .... 

Clarendon,  Ark  

Gallatin,  Tenn  

Col.  Miller.    ... 

CoL  T.W.  Harris 
Maj.  Foster.  .  .  . 
Capt  Moore.  .  .  . 

Col.  J.  H.  Mor- 

Merriwether's  Landing,  Tenn  . 
Low  Jack,  Mo  

Capt.  Bartield.. 
Col.  Coffee  

Near  Hickman,  Mo  

CoL  J.  H.  Mor- 
firan 

Near  Union  Mills,  Mo  

Maj.  Price  

Pinckney's  Island,  S  C 

Near  Gallatiu,  Tenn  

Gen.  Johnson.  . 

Morgan  

Col.  Wood  ward. 
Gen.  Eweli  
Gen.  Forrest... 

Kettle  Run,  Ya  

Gan.  Hooker... 
Col.  Murphy  .  .  . 

Readyville,  Tenn. 

CHKONOLOGICAL   TABLE   OF   THE   WAR. 


293 


Killed,  Wounded,  and  Prisoners. 


Union. 


Eebel. 


Keniarks. 


3  k  4  w 

200  loss 

80  k.  150 w.. 


4  w.  15  p. 


Over  1000. 


7500  k.,  w.  &m... 
2k.  31  w 

About  1000.. 


About  the  same. 


About  3000. 


10  k.  30  w, 


5  k.  12  w.  &p. 


10k.  30  w 

4k.  6  w 

4k.  12  W... 


52  k.  100 w..    .. 
10k.  &  w.,  11  p.. 


250  k.,  w.,  and  m. 


600  k.,  w.,  and  m 


72  p. 


20k.  30  w. 


1500  k.,  w.,  and  p 


1000k.  1500  w... 


100k.  &w.,  '200  p. 

7  k.  27  p 

600  p 


Capt.  Jones  captured. 
Rebel  loss  much  the  heaviest. 
Rebels  retreated. 
Federals  retreated. 


Federals  defeated,  with  a  loss  of 

26  men. 
Rebels  defeated. 


Rebel  w.  left  on  the  field. 


Gen.  Williams  killed.    The  rebels 
were  defeated. 


Rebel  troops  defeated. 

Rebel  troops  defeated. 
Rebels  repulsed. 


Eebels  defeated. 


60  k.  100  w 

2w 


6  k.  and  many  w. , 

20  k.  9p 

110k.  andw  

4  k.  19  p 


4k.  3  w 

3k.,  3  w.,32  p... 
64  k.  100  w.  200  p 


7  k.  20  w. 
1  k.  4  p.. 


About  800  k.  &  w. 


800  k.&w.,  1000  p, 


16  horses  captured. 

Gen.  Johnson  and  his  staff  cap- 
tured. 

Rebels  repulsed  with  heavy  loss. 
Rebels  driven  from  the  field. 
Rebels  defeated. 


294: 


THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


Date. 

Names  and  Places  of  Battles,  En- 
gagements, and  Skirmishes. 

Commanders. 

Union. 

Kebel. 

1862. 

Aug.  28 

"     29 

"     30 
29-30 

"     30 
Sept.    1 
"      1 

"       2 

"       2 
"       4 
"       4 
"       6 
'       6 
11       6 

"      7 
«       8 
"       9 

"       9 

"     10 
"     10 
"     12 
"     14 

"     14 
"     15 
"     15 

ci     17 
"     17 
"     17 

6  miles  west  of  Centreville,  Va. 

Gens.  McDowell 
and  Sigel  
Gens.     Hooker, 
Sigel,      Kear- 
ney, Reno,  and 
King  

Gen.  Jackson.  .  . 

Gens.     Jackson 
and  Longstreet 
Gen.  Lee  

2d  Bull  Run,  

Gen.  Pope  

Gens.  Mason  and 
Craft 

Richmond   Ky                «  •      »  • 

Gen.   E.    Kirby 
Smith 

Col,  Leggett  
Col.  Dennis  
Gen.  Pope  

Gen.  Armstrong 
Gen.  Armstrong 
Gens.    Jackson, 
EwelL,  and  Hill 
Col.  Garret.  

Britton's  Lane  Tenn  ... 

Chantilly,  Va.  

Near  Plymouth,  N.  0  

Sergt.  Green.  .. 
Lt  -CoL  Foster. 

Near  Slaughterville  Ky 

Port  Ridgely  Minn 

Indians 

Washington,  N.  C.  .  ".  

Near  Martinsburg  Va     .  . 

Gen.  JuL  White 

Washington,  N.  C  

Capture  of  Shepherdsvttle,  Ky. 
Near  Poolesville,  Md  

Maj.  Chapman.. 
CoL  Campbell.  .  . 

Gen.  Keyes  
Col.  Siber  

Williamsburg  Va  

CoL  Shingle  

Gen.  Stuart.... 
Gen.Loring.  .  .  . 

Edwards'  Ferry,  on  the  Poto- 
mac   

Fayette,  Va  

Near  Coldwater,  Miss    ... 

Middletown,  Md  

iouth  Mountain,  Md.   

Gens.  Hooker  & 
Reno  
Col.  Wilder  

Gen.  Lee  
Gen.  Duncan  .  .  . 

Mumfordsville  Ky  

Harper's  Ferry  (3  days  siege)  . 

Near  Durhamville,  Tenn  
Falmouth,  on  Ky.  Cen.  R.R.  . 
Near  Florence  Ky 

Col  Miles  

Gen.  A.  P.  Hill. 
Lt.  CoL  Faulkner 

Lieut.  R.  Griffin. 

Maj  Foley 

CHRONOLOGICAL   TABLE   OF  THE   WAE. 


295 


Killed,  Wounded,  and  Prisoners. 


Union. 


Eebel. 


Remarks. 


6000k.  and  w... 
800  k.,  4000  w.,  & 

3000  p 

200    k.,    700    w., 

2000  p 

6  k.,  18  w.,  64m. 
200  k.  and  w. . 


12,000k.,  w.,&m 
700  k.  3000  w. . . . 
250k.  500  w.. 


180k.  220  w.. 


13k.  47  w, 


30k.40p 

3  k.,  2  w.f  25  p.. . 


8  k.  36  w. 
2k.  10  w. 


33k.  100  w.... 
5  Op.  besides  k.  &w 
30  k.  36  p 


85  p 

1  k.  8  w 

5  capts.,  4  lieuts., 
and  Capt.  Camp- 
bell p 


8  k.  CoL  Shingle  k 


100  k.  and  w. 


Rebels  driven  back  with  loss  and 
many  prisoners. 


Rebels  defeated. 


Rebels  routed. 
Rebels  defeated. 

Heavy  loss  on  both  sides.    Death 
of  Gens.  Kearney  and  Stearns. 


Rebels  defeated  with  loss. 


Federal  gunboat  exploded  her 
magazine  during  the  engage- 
ment. 18  killed  and  wounded. 

Rebels  defeated. 


Rebels  repulsed  with  the  loss  of 

90  men. 
Federals  defeated. 


4  k.  30  w. 


80  k.  and  w 

443  k.  1 806  w. 7 6m 


500  k.,  2343  w.,  & 
1500  p 


80  k.,  120  w.,  and 

11,583  p 

2  k.  10  w 

1  w 

Ik.  1  w 


1500  k.  and  w. 

8  k.  20  w. . . . 

2  k.  4w.  1  p.. 

k.  7  w... 


Gen.  Reno  killed. 

iebels  defeated, 
federals  surrender, 
killed. 


CoL    Miles 


296 


THE    NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


Date. 

Names  and  Places  of  Battles,  En- 
gagements, and  Skirmishes. 

Commanders. 

Union. 

Eebel. 

1862. 

Sept.  17 
il       17 
"  19-20 
"  19-20 

"       20 
"       21 
"       21 
"       21 
"       22 

"       22 
"       23 

"       29 

"       30 
"      30 
Oct.      1 
"         1 

"        3 

"      »  3 
"     3-5 

"        6 
"         6 

"        7 

"        8 
"        9 

"      11 
"       14 
"       15 
"       16 
"       17 
"       21 

Antietam  Md         .  .        . 

Gen.  McCleUan. 
CoL  Kilpatrick.  . 

Gen.  Lee  

luka  Miss                         . 

Gen.  Rosecrans  . 

Gen  Price 

Near  Shirley's  Ford,  Mo  

Col.  Ritchie  .... 

On  Potomac                           .  . 

CoL  Barnes 

Munfordsville,  Ky  

CoL  E.  McCook. 
Col   Granger 

Shepherdsville  Ky          ... 

Sturgeon,  Mo  
Ashby's  Gap,  Ya  

Maj.  Hunt  

Col.  R.B.  Price. 
Col  Sibley 

Capt.  Cunning- 
ham 

Lieut.  CoL  Green 
Indians  . 

Yellow  Medicine  River,  Minn  . 

Newtonia,  Mo  

Gen.  Solomon... 

Col.  Cooper  

Russellville,  Ky  

Gallatin,  Tenn  

CoL  Stokes  

Gen.  Pleasanton 
Corns.  Perry, 
Hunchback, 
&Whitehead. 
Col  Spears  .... 

Col.  Bennett.... 
Gen.  Hampton.. 

Capt.  Flusser.  .  . 

Shepherdstown  and  Martins- 
burer,  Ya  .  . 

On    Blackwater    River,    near 
Franklin,  Ya  

Blackwater,  near  Franklin,  Ya. 
Near  Corinth  Miss 

Gens.  Ord,  Hurl- 
but,  &  Yeatch 

Gens.  Price,  Yan 
Dorn,  &  LovelL 
Robertson's  Bat. 
Gen.  Anderson. 
Quantrell      and 
Childs  

Near  Charlestown  Ya 

Lavergne,  Tenn  

Gen.  Palmer.  .. 

Near  Sibley's  Landing  Mo 

Chaplin  Hills,  Perryville,  Ky.  . 
Near  Lawrenceburg  Ky 

Gen.  Buell 

Gen.  Bragg.  .  .  . 
Gen.  Smith  .... 
CoLGiddings... 

Col.  Parrott  
Maj.  Rector  

Near  Helena,  Arlc  . 

Stanford,  Ky  

Carsville,  Ya  

Lieut.  Williams  . 
Gen  Hancock  . 

Near  Charlestown,  Ya.  

Thoroughfare  Gap,  Ya  
Woodville,  Tenn  

Gen.  Stahl  
Maj.  J.J.Mudd. 

Hay  wood  

CHRONOLOGICAL   TABLE   OF   THE   WAR. 


297 


Killed,  Wounded,  and  Prisoners. 


Union. 


Eebel. 


Kemarka. 


12,500  loss. 


15, 000  loss.. 


135  k.  527  w.... 

2k  18  w.. 


150  k.,  w.,  and  p. 


263  k.  400  w.600  p. 
60  or  70-k  and  w. 
5  k.  28  p 


50  k.  &  w.,  100  p. 


Rebels  defeated. 
Rebels  defeated. 
Rebels  defeated. 

Federal  Col.  Webber  killed.     Re- 
bels defeated  with  severe  loss. 


Rebels  defeated. 


Rebels  defeated. 

Lieut.  Col.  Green  captured. 

30     Indians    killed    and    many 

wounded ;  4  whites  killed  and 

30  wounded. 
Rebels  dispersed,  and  a  squad  of 

them  captured. 


12  w.  3  p., 


35k.  10  p 

40  k.,  39    p.,    and 

many  w. 

60  k.  and  w.,  9  p. . 


19  k.  and  w. 


315  k.,  1812  w. 
232m.. 


30  or  40  k.  and  w. 
&  1423  k.,  5692  w.,  & 
2268  p 


18  k.  and  w. 


10  k.  and  w. 


3200k.  w.  and.m. 
6k.  18  w. 
3k.  9  w..., 


1300k.,  3000  w.,  & 
200  p 


9p 

several  k.  14  p. 


1  k.  8  w. 


9  w.  and  p..  . 
100  p 


Rebels  defeated. 
Rebels  routed. 
Rebels  defeated. 
Rebels  defeated. 

Rebels  retreated ;  great  loss. 
Rebels  defeated  with  considerable 

loss. 
Rebels  defeated. 

Federals  defeated. 

100  horses  and  mules  captured. 


13* 


298 


THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


Date. 

Names  and  Places  of  Battles,  En- 
gagements, and  Skirmishes. 

Commanders. 

Union. 

Eebel. 

1862. 

Oct.    22 

"       22 

"       23 
"       23 
24 
24 

£ 

28 
"       29 
"       29 
Nov.     3 

"       5 
"       5 
14       6 

"       6 
"       8 

"       8 

"       9 
"     11 
"     11 

11   n 

"     13 

"     15 

"     18 
"     18 
"     21 

"     22 
"     26 
"     27 

"     28 
"     29 
Dec.     1 

Pocotaligo,  S.  C  

Gen.  Brannon  .  . 
Maj.  Lazear.  .  .  . 

Maj.  Blott  
CoL  Stuart.    .  .  . 

Gen.  Beau  regard 
CoL  Boon  

Waverley,  Tenn  

Shelby  Depot,  Tenn  

Manassas  Junction,  Va.  

Maj.  F.  G.  White 

Col    Tjftwia 

Putnam's  Ferry,  Mo  

Donaldsonville  La                 .    fi^n  Wpit«»l 

Fayetteville  Ark  

Gen.  Herron  
Lt.-Col.  Iswick.  . 
Col.  Seaman.  .  .  . 
Col.  Foster  

Col  Craven    . 

5  miles  from  Petersburg,  Va.  . 
Near  Butler,  Mo  

Smart's  cavalry. 
Cockerill 

In  Webster  Co.,  Ky  

Quantrell    

Near  Nashville,  Tenn  

Gen.  Negleys.  .  . 
Gen.  Reynolds.  . 

Col.  Dills  
Col.  Lee  
Capt.  L.  M.  Per- 
kins 

J.  H.  Morgan... 

Warrenton,  Va  

Piketon,  Ky  
Fiudsouville,  Miss  



Fredricksburg,  Va  

Capt.  Dahlgren. 
Capt  Duncan 

tiuntsville  Tenn           ... 

Capts.     Kennett 
and  Wolford.  . 
Col.  Lee  
Col.  Lee  

Gen.  Sturgis.  .  . 

Morgan's  men  .  . 

Near  La  Grange,  Tenn  
Holly  Springs,  Miss  

Fayetteville,  Va     

Rural  Hills,  Term  

Cove  Creek,  N.  C  

Lieut.-CoL  Mix. 

Capt.  Darling.  .  . 
Capt.  Harkins.  . 

Bayou    Boutouca,    near    Fort 
Pike,  La       

Capt.  Evans.  .  .  . 

Cold  Knob  Mountain,  Va  

Col.  J.  C.  Paxton 
Cols.  Hurd  and 
Dodge  .  . 

Kane  Hill,  Ark  

Gen.  Blunt  ,  .  . 
Gen.  Stahl  
Gen.  Slocum  .  .  . 

Gn.  Marmaduke 

White  and  Hen- 
derson       ... 

Snicker's  Gap,  Va  

Near  Charlestown  Va- 

CHRONOLOGICAL   TABLE   OF   THE   WAR. 


299 


Killed,  Wounded,  and  Prisoners. 


Union. 


30  k.  180  w. 
Ik.  5  w... 


3  w 

18  k.  74  w! 


8k.       w. 


6  k.  19  w, 


1  w. 


1  w. 


lOw. 


80  p. 


Eebel. 


Bemarka. 


40  k.  and  w.,  30  p 
8  or  10  k.  andw. 


8k.  20  w. 

several  k.  40  p. . 
6  k.  15  w.  208  p.. 
8k.  ., 


6p 

JO  k.  andw 


Eebel  loss  not  reported. 
Rebels  defeated  with  considerable 
loss. 


Rebels  defeated. 
200  cattle  captured. 


28  p. 
p.. 


6  k.  175  p. 


k.  several  w 
9  p. 


k.  several  w . . . . 

k.  125  p 

6  k.  134  p.. 


k.   several  cap- 
tured . . 


6  k. 


k.  several  w. 
k.. 


00  p 

Several  k . , 


5  k.  40  p. 
k.  18  w. . 


3  rebel  lieutenants  and  40  horses 
and  carts  captured. 


150  muskets  and  40  horses  and 
wagons  captured. 


Rebels  defeated. 


lebels  defeated, 
-•eft  on  the  field 
Rebels  defeated. 


0  horses  captured, 
lebels  defeated. 


lebels  defeated, 
lebels  defeated. 


300 


THE    NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


Date. 

Names  and  Places  of  Battles,  En- 
gagements, and  Skirmishes. 

Commanders. 

Union. 

Kebel. 

1862. 

Dec.     2 
«       2 
"       3 
"       6 

"      7 

"      7 

11     12 
"     12 
"     12 
"     13 

"     13 
"     14 
"     17 
"     18 

",21 

"     24 
"     25 
11     27 

"     28 
27-29 
"     30 
1863. 
Jan'y   2 

"      3 

"       8 

"       8 
"       9 
"     10 

Franklin  Va                 

Col  Spear 

Near  Charlestown,  Va  

Gen   Geary 

Oxford   Miss       .       

Col  Hatch 

Helena,  Ark  

Prairie  Grove,  N.  W.  Ark  
Hartsville  Tenn 

Gens.  Blunt  and 

Gens.  Hindman, 
Marmaduke, 
Parsons,  and 
Frost  
Gen.  J.  H.Mor- 
first! 

Col.  A.  B.  Moore 

Col.  Sweeney  .  .  . 
Gen  Foster 

Col.  Roddy  

Near  Kingston  N.  C 

Gen.  A.  S.Stanley 
Gen.  Burnside.  . 

Fredericksburg  Va.  .... 

Gen.  Lee  

Kingston,  N.  C  

Gen.  Foster.  .  .  . 
Gen.  Foster.  .  .  . 
Col.  B.  G.  Inger- 
soll  
Col.  K.  H.Morgan 

Cnpt  Dickeys..  . 
Col.  Gray  
Col.  C.  Candy.. 

Maj.  Foley  
Gen.  Sherman.  . 
Gen.  Sullivan.  .  . 

Gen.  Rosecrans. 

G  en.Washburne 
Gen.  Brown  and 
Col.  Crabb... 

Capt.  Moore.  .  .  . 
Gen.  Corcoran.  . 
CoL  Merritt  

Gen.  Evans.  .  .  . 
Gen.  Evans.  .  .  . 

Gen.  Forrest... 
Gen.  Van...... 

Gen.  Morgan.  .  . 
Gen.  Morgan  .  .  . 
Gens.   Stuart    & 
FitzHugh  Lee. 

Gen.  Johnston.. 
Gen.  Forrest  .... 

Gen.  Bragg  

Goldsboro,  NO  

Lexington,  Ky  

Davis  Mills,  Wolf  River,  Miss. 
Near  Munfordsville,  Ky  

Near  Munfordsville,  Ky  
Dumfries,  Va  

Elkford,  Ky  
Vicksburg,  Miss  

Parker's  Cross  Roads,  Tenn.  .  . 

Stone  River,  or  Murfreesboro, 
Tenn  

Near  La  Grange,  Ark  

Springfield,  Mo  

Gens.      Manna- 
duke  and  Bur- 
bridge.       ... 

Ripley,  Tenn  

Lt.-Col.  Dawson. 
Gen.  Pry  or.  .  ... 
Gcn.Marmaduke 

Suffolk,  Va  

Hartsville  Mo 

CHRONOLOGICAL   TABLE   OF   THE   WAK. 


301 


Killed.  "Wounded,  and  Prisoners. 

Kemarks. 

Union. 

Eebel. 

• 

Rebels  defeated  with  serere  loss. 
Rebels  defeated. 

Rebels  repulsed. 

Rebels  defeated. 
Federals  surrendered 

70  k.  &  w.,  145  p. 
92  p  
8  k.  30  p 

20  k.  andw  

495  k.  600  w  
55  k.  100  w 

1500  k.  andw  
Loss     about     the 
same 

Ik.  2  p  

11  k.  30  w  
400  p        

13  pieces  of  artillery,  etc.,  captured. 
Rebels  defeated. 

Federals  repulsed. 
Rebels  routed. 
13  pieces  of  artillery  captured. 
Rebels  defeated. 

Federals  defeated. 
100  stand  of  rebel  arms  left  on  the 
field. 
Federals  defeated.                 • 
Rebels  defeated. 

Rebels  routed. 
SO  rebel  horses  captured. 
Rebel  loss  not  reported. 
Rebels  defeated. 

Rebels  defeated.     Their  loss  over 
10,000,   of   which  9,000  were 
killed  and  wounded. 

Rebel  loss  200. 
Rebels  defeated. 

1  k  

1512k.,  6000  w.,  & 
460  t>  . 

5  k.  10  w  

Loss  1800 

4k.  14  w   

70  p     

90  k.  478  w     

71k.  268  w.,  400  p. 

40  k  

23  p.. 

2  k.,  30  w.,  20  p.. 

10k.  and  w.  ;  .  .  .  . 

9k.  22  w  

30  or  40  k.  andw. 
30  k.,  176  w.,  51  p. 

191  k.982  w.756m 
200  k.  andw  

1533  k.,  6000    w. 

600  w  

10k.  and  w.,  10  p. 

17  k.  50  w  

3w  

Fed.  loss  104  

8k.,  20  w.,  46  p.. 

35  k.  andw  

150  k.  andw.  150  p 

302 


THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


Date. 

Names  and  Places  of  Battles,  En- 
gagements, and  Skirmishes. 

Commanders. 

Union. 

Rebel. 

1863. 

Jan'y  11 

"     26 
11     30 
"     30 

"     31 
Feb'y   3 
"      3 

"      4 
"     10 
"     12 
"     15 

"     15 
"     15 
"     19 
"     20 
"     26 
"     27 
Marcel 
«    «2 
"       2 
u      4 
-      6 

"      7 
"     10 
"     17 
"     17 
"     18 
44     20 

"     22 
"     29 
«     3o 
"     30 
April    1 
"       2 
"       2 

Capture  of  Fort  Hindman,  on 

Adm.  Porter  and 
Gen.   McCler- 
nand       .      .  . 

Gen.  Churchill.  . 

Near  "Woodbury  Tenn 

Gen  Palmer 

Trenton  Tenn 

CoL  "Wood  . 

Capt.  Dawson.  . 
Gen.  Pryor  

Deserted  House,  9  miles  from 
Suffolk,  Va  

Gen.  Corcoran.. 

Near  Nashville,  Tenn  

Vlino'o  Swamp  Mo 

Maj.  Reeder  
Col.  Harding.  .  . 

D.  McGee 

Wheeler        and 
Forrest  

Near  Lake  Providence,  La. 

"3d  La."     ..    . 

Old  River  La 

Capt  Tucker.  . 

Canesville,  Tenn  

CoL  Monroe  
Sergt  Holmes. 

Morgan's  Cav.  .  . 

Nolens  ville  Tenn 

Arkadelphia,  Ark  

Capt.  Brown  .  .  . 

Coldwater,  Miss  

Lt.-Col.  Wood.. 
5th  Illinois  



Woodstock  Va.. 

15  miles  from  Newbern,  N.  C. 
Bradyville,  Tenn  ... 

Capt  Jacobs 

Gen.  Rosecrans. 

Morgan    

Near  Petersburg,  Tenn.  . 

Aldie,  Ya  .. 

CaptSchultze.. 
Col.  Johnson.  .  . 
CoLColburn.... 

Gen.  Manly  .  . 
CoL  Grierson.  .  . 
Gen.  AverilL.  .  . 

Mosby          .  .  . 

Chapel  Hill,  Tenn  

Col.  Roger  

Near  Franklin,  Tenn. 

Van  Dora  

• 
Union  ville  Tenn  , 

Gen.  Russell.  .  . 
Col.  Richardson. 

Near  Covington,  Tenn  

Kelly's  Ford,  Ya  

Near  Franklin,  Ya  

CoL  Spear  

Berwick  Bay,  La  

Capt  Perkins.  . 

Near  Milton,  Tenn.  .  .  .-  
Near  Blue  Spring  Mo 

CoLHalL  

Morgan         and 
Breckinridge  . 
Quantroll       . 

Near  Somerset  K.y. 

Gen.  Gillmore  .  . 

Pegram          .   . 

Point  Pleasant,  W.  Ya  

Gen.  Jenkins.  .  . 
Capt.  Mosby.  .  .  . 

Doanesville  Va  .  ....    .  . 

1st  Vermont... 
Gen  Hazen 

Woodbury  Tenn 

In  Jucksoii  Co.,  Mo  

Maj.  Ransom.  .  . 

Hicks       

CHRONOLOGICAL   TABLE   OF   THE   WAR. 


303 


Killed,  Wounded,  and  Prisoners. 


Union. 


Eebel. 


Remarks. 


Nearly  1000  k.,  w. 

and  missing. . . . 

2  k.  9  w. . 


550  k.  &  w.  5000  p. 

35  k.  100  p 

34  p.  or  killed. . . . 


5w. 


12  k.,  12  w.,  300  p 
9  k.  20  w 


Eebels  defeated. 

Loss  in  killed  and  wounded  on 
each  side  about  60. 

D.  McGee  killed. 


12  k.  30  w. 
8  k.  and  w. 


100  k.  400  w.  300  p  Rebels 

30  k.  andw 

11  k.  andw.,  25  p 

4k.  5  w 

20  k.,  many  \v.,  6  p 


2k.  12  w 

6k.,  3  w.,  15  p.. . 

5w.. 

200  k.  and  p 

1  w 

15  k.  and  w. . . 


8  k.,  20  w.,  4  p. . . 
14k.  12  w.. 


6  k.  26  p 


100  k.,  300  w.  and 
1200  p 


Ik.  16  w, 


3  k.  48  p 

8k.,  30  w.,  89  p. 

12  k.20  w 

30  p 

12k.  72  p 

120k.  300  w.... 

50k.  180  w 

25  k.  many  p.. . . 
86  p 


7k.  3  w 

9  k.  5-  m.  several  w. 
40  k.  and  w 


1 0  k.  20  w. 

40k.  140  w.l  2m. 


1  k.  1  w 

60  k.,  w.,  and  p. . . 


12k.  14  p 


repulsed. 
90  horses  taken. 
Rebels  defeated. 
Federals  defeated. 
50  horses,  300  stand  of  arms  cap- 
tured. 
Rebels  defeated. 
Rebels  defeated. 
Federals  routed. 
Rebels  dispersed. 
Rebels  defeated. 
Rebels  defeated. 
Rebels  retreated. 
Rebels  defeated. 
Rebels  defeated. 


Federals  defeated. 
Rebels  defeated. 

Federals  defeated. 
Federals  retreated. 
Rebels  defeated. 

Rebels  defeated. 

Federals  defeated. 

Rebels  defeated. 

Rebel  loss  350.    450  cattle  capt'rd. 


12  k.  30  w.  and  p. 
17k... 


Federals  defeated. 
Rebels  defeated. 


304: 


THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


Date. 

Names  and  Places  of  Battles,  En- 
gagements, and  Skirmishes. 

Commanders. 

Union. 

EebeL 

1863. 
April    2 

"     10 
"     14 
"     19 
"     20 

"     22 

"     26 
May      1 

"       1 

"      1 
"       1 
"       1 
it       2 

"  2-3 

"       3 
"       3 
"       6 
"     12 
"     14 
"     16 
"     16 
18-22 

"     19 
"     20 
"     27 

"     28 
June    6 
"       9 

"     14 

"     21 
"     24 
"     24 
"     26 

Snow  Hill,  Tenn  ...     

Gen.  Stanley.  .  . 
Gen.  Granger.  . 

Morton          and 
Wharton.  .... 
Van  Corn. 

Franklin,  Tenn  
Bayou  Teche,  La  

Cold  water,  Tenn  

Col.  Bryant.  .    .  . 

Patterson,  Mo  

Col.  Smart  
Majors     McGee 
and  White... 



Cape  Girardeau,  Mo  

Gen.  McNeil  
CoL  CampbeU.  .  . 

Col.  Nixon  
Gen.  Grant.  .... 
Gen.  Carter  .  .  . 
Capt  De  Huff 

Marmaduke  .... 
Van    Dorn's 
Pickets 

Near  Franklin,  Tenn  

Near  Suffolk,  Va.,  on  the  Nan- 
semond  River  
Port  Gibson,  Miss  
Monticello,  Ky  

Gen.  J.S.Bowen. 
Col.  Morrison... 

Near  La  Grange  Ark 

Before  Fredericksburg,  Va  .  .  . 
Chancellorsville  Va.    .  • 

Gen.  Sedgwiek. 
Gen.  Hooker.  .  . 

Col.  De  Forrest. 

Gen  Lee 

Warrenton  Junction              . 

Gen.  Mosby  .... 

Hain's  Bluff  on  the  Miss  

Tupelo  Miss 

Col.  Corwyn.  .  .  . 
Gen.  McPherson 
Gen.  Grant  
Gen.  Grant  
Gen.  Grant  
Gen.  Grant  and 
Adm.  Porter. 
Gen  Milroy 

Gen.  Ruggles.  .  . 
Gen.  Gregg  .... 
Gen.  Johnston.  . 
Gen.  Pemberton 
Gen.  Pemberton 

Gen.  Pemberton 

Raymond,  Miss  

Champion  Hill,  Miss  
Big  Black  River,  Miss  

Near  Winchester  Va 

Middle  town  Tenn     

Gen  Stanley  . 

Gen.  Banks  and 
Ad.  Farragut. 
Major  Lippert.  . 

Gen.  Gardner.  . 

Milliken's  Bend  Miss  

Gen.  Thomas  .  .  . 
Gens.  Buford  & 
Gregg    
Gen.  Milroy.  .  .  . 
Gen.  Pleasanton 
(  'ol  Hoover 

Gn.  McCullough 
Gn.J.  E.B.Stuart 
&  F.  Hugh  Lee 
Gen.  EweU  

Beverly  Ford,  Va  

Winchester  Va 

Near  Middleburg  Va  

Hoover's  Gap  Tenn 

Liberty  Gap,  Tenn  

Gen.  Willich 

Col.  Spear  

Gen,  W.  F.  Lee  . 

CHRONOLOGICAL   TABLE   OF   THE   WAK. 


305 


Killed,  Wounded,  and  Prisoners. 


Union. 


Rebel. 


Remarks. 


100 

350 

10k.  20  w 

50  k.  and  w. . 


15  or  20k.  50  p, 
300  k.  and  w. . 


20k.  40 


Rebels  defeated. 
Rebels  repulsed. 
Rebel  loss  much  greater. 
Rebels  defeated. 
Federals  defeated. 


2 

6  k.  6  w 


5  k.,  9  w.,  25  p. . .  Rebels  defeated. 
40  k.  200  w Rebels  defeated. 


41  k.  and  w 

130k.  718  w.  5  m 


30  k.  and  w.,  11  p. 

1500  k.,w.,  and  p. 


41  k.,  w.,  and  m. . 

2000  k.  and  w 

15,000  k.   and  w. 
17,000  p 


18,000  k.  and  w. 
5000  p 


80  k.  and  w. 


51k.  181  w 

40  k.  240  w.  6m. 
426  k.  1842  w.... 
29  k.  242  w 

Loss  about  2500. . 


90  p 

75k.  250  w.l 86 p.. 

400  k.  andw 

4000  k.,  w.,  and  m 
2600 

Loss  not  reported. 

6k.  7  p 

8  k.  90  p 


900  k.,  w.,  and  m 
80  k.,  w.,  and  m. 
127  k.  287  w.  157m  200k 


600k.,  w.,  andm. 
.  500  w.  &  m 


380  k.,  w.,  and  m 
2000 


Rebels  defeated  with  severe  loss. 
Rebels  defeated. 
Rebels  defeated. 
Federals  defeated. 


Rebels  defeated  with  heavy  lot 
Naval  engagement. 
Rebels  defeated. 

Rebels  defeated. 
29  cannon  captured. 
1 7  cannon  captured. 


Rebels  defeated. 
200  horses  captured. 


Federals  defeated. 
Rebels  defeated. 


45  k.  and  w. . 
90  k.  100  w. 


750  k.,  w.,  and  m. 

850  k.,  w.,  and  m. [Federals  defeated. 

150  k.  and  w.,  80  p.  |  Rebels  defeated. 

j  Rebels  defeated  with  heavy  loss. 

I  Rebels  .defeated  with  heavy  loss. 

110  p 300  horses,  35  wagons,  and  their 

commander  captured. 


306 


THE   NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 


Date. 

Names  and  Places  of  Battles,  En- 
gagements, and  Skirmishes. 

Commanders. 

Union. 

Rebel. 

1863. 

June  26 
July     1 
"     2-3 
4 
"         4 

"       .5 
"         8 

"       12 
"       12 
14 

17 
18 
18-19 
19 

"       23 
"       26 

Aug.  20 
"       22 

"       28 
Sept.    7 

"        9 
"        9 

"  19-20 

Oct.      8 
"       14 

27-28 

Nov.     3 
"      16 
Nov.  17 
to  Dec  4 
Nov.  24 

Shelby  ville,  Tenn  

Gen.  Rosecrans. 
Gen.  Meade  .... 
Gen.  Mead  
Gen.  Grant  .... 
Gen.  Prentiss  .  . 

Gen.  Grant.  .... 

Gen.  Banks  
Col.  Hatch 

Gen.  Bragg.  .  .  . 
Gen.  Lee  

Gettysburg  

Gettysburg                 . 

Gen.  Lee  
Gen.  Pemberton 
Generals    Price, 
Holmes,    and 
Marmaduke  .  . 
Gen.  Johnson.  . 

Gen.  Gardner.  . 

Surrender  of  Vicksburg,  Miss. 
Helena  Ark 

Bolton,  Miss  

Surrender    of   Port    Hudson, 
Miss       .           .             

Near  Jackson  Miss 

Jack  sou  Miss                     .... 

Gen  Lanmann 

Fallin0*  Waters  Va 

Gen.  Kilpatrick  . 
Gen.  Blunt  
Gen.  Blunt  
Gen.  Gil  more... 
Cols.   Tolland  & 
Powell  

Elk  Creek  Ark     

Gen.  Cooper.  .  .  . 
Gen.  Cooper.  .  .  . 
Gn.  Beauregard. 

Honey  Springs,  Ind.  Territory. 
Port  Wanner  S.  C  

WytliPville   W  Va            ... 

Alanassas  Gap  "Va 

New  Lisbon  Ohio  

Col.  Shaddeford. 

Gen.  Morgan... 
Gen.  Brao'g 

Pocahontas  Ark                      . 

Gen.     Jeff.     C. 
Thompson  .  .  . 

Fort  Sumter  

T.  H.  Stevens.  .  . 

Tilford,  Tenn  

Cumberland  Gap  Tens  

Gen.  Burnside..  . 
Gten.  Rosecrans. 

Gen.  Cook  ....... 
jen.  Warren.  .  . 
Gens.    Smith.   & 
Hooker       . 

Gen.  Frazier.  .  . 
Gen.  Bragg  

Gen.  Wheeler.. 
Gen.  A.  P.  Hill. 

Gen.  Longstreet 

Chickamauga,    

Farmiucrton    Tenn     

Bristow  Station  Va. 

Brown's  Ferry  Tenn  

Gen.  Burbridge. 
Gen.  Burnside.. 

jen.  Burnside.. 
Hooker 

Campbell  Station  Tenn  

Gen.  Longstreet 

aen.  Longstreet 
Bra£r°r 

S!noxvillo   Tenn     .        

Lookout  Mountain             .... 

CHRONOLOGICAL   TABLE   OF   THE   WAE. 


807 


Killed,  Wounded,  and  Prisoners. 

Remarks. 

Union. 

Rebel. 

85k.  463  w.  13m. 

Rebel  k.  &  w.  not  rep'td  ;  1634  p. 
Gen  Reynolds  killed. 

Rebels  paroled. 

Rebels  defeated. 
Rear-guard    of  Johnson's    army 
captured. 

400  conscripts  released. 

Rebels  defeated. 
Rebels  defeated. 

Federals  repulsed. 
Virginia  and  Tennessee  Railroad 
destroyed. 
Rebels  defeated. 
Gen.  Morgan  and  all  his  cavalry, 
400  men,  captured. 
Federals  defeated. 
Gen.  Jeff.  C.  Thompson  and  Staff 
captured. 

Naval  engagement.     Federals  de- 
feated. 
Federals  defeated. 
A  large   supply  of  army  stores 
captured. 

Federals  defeated. 
Rebels  defeated. 

Rebels  withdrew. 
Fight  above  clouds.  Bragg  deft'd 

Total  loss  28,198.. 
250  k.,  w.,  andm. 

Total  loss  37,000.  . 
30,000  p  

500k.  or  w.,  1000  p. 

5500  p 

13k.  and  w.  

175  k  and  w 

300  k.  and  w  

29  k.  36  w  
10  k.  25  w  

1300  p.  130k.  &w. 
400  k.  or  w.  60  p. 
50k.  75  w.  65  p.. 
500  k.  331  w  

75  k.  150  p  

9k.  50  w  
700  k.,  w.  andm.. 

65  k.  and  w.  

300  k.  or  w.,  60  p. 



100  p  

200 

114  

300  p..., 

2000  p  

1644  k.    9262   w. 
4945  m  

17,000k.,  w.,&ra. 
125  k.  &  w.,  300  p. 
1  200  k.  &  w.  800  p. 

Loss  over  1000.  .. 
100k.  200  p  
1000  

1600...!  

29  k  150  w 

51  k  329  w 

76  k.  339  w.  22  m. 
18k.  100  w.  559m. 
400  

600  

308 


THE   NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 


Date. 

Names  and  Places  of  Battles,  En- 
gagements, and  Skirmishes. 

Commanders. 

Union. 

Rebel. 

1863. 

N.23-25 
"       25 

"       27 
27-3<> 
Dec.   14 
"       25 
"       20 
1864. 
Jan.      2 
3 
"       12 
"       17 
"       28 
"  •  29 
"       30 

Feb.     3 

"        3 

«        4 

14 

'       20 

22-25 
u      22 
March  5 

"  9-10 
"       16 
"       21 
"       21 
25 

Ap'18-9 
"       12 

17-20 
"      24 
"       25 

Gen.  Grant.  

Gen.  Hooker.  .  . 
Gen.  Hooker... 
Gen.  Meade.  
Shackleford  

Gen.  Bragg.  .  .  . 
Bragg  .  .  •  

Capture  of  Missionary  Ridge, 

Gen.  Hardee... 
Gen.  Lee  
Longstreet  

Locust  Grove,  Va^  

Bean  Station. 

Pulaski,  Tenn    

Charleston.  Tenn                     . 

CoLLuberk.... 

Gen.  Wheeler.  . 

Near  Moorfield,  Va  

Mossy  Creek  Tenn 

Gen.  McCook.  . 

Near  Dand  ridge,  Tenn  

Tunnel  Hill,  Ga  

Scottville,  Ky.  

Federal  supply  train  captured 
near  Petersburg,  "W.  Va  
Bolton,  Miss 

Col.  Snyder.  .  .  . 

Sherman's      ad- 
vance   

Newborn,  N.  C  

Gen.  Foster.  .  .  . 

Gen.  Picket*.  .-. 

Clinton,  Miss  

Gainesville  Fla 

Capt  Roberts 

Olustee,  Fla  

Gen.  Seymour.. 
Gen.  Palmer.  .  . 

Gen.  Gardner.  .  . 

Gen.  Wheeler.. 
Mosby 

Tunnel  Hill,  Ga  

Near  Drainsville  Va  .  . 

Yazoo  City  

Suffolk,  Va  

Near  Fort  Pillow.  

Near  Alexandria*  

Banks      

At  Fed,  Fork,  Paducah,  Ky.  . 
Mansfield,  La  

CoL  Hicks 

Gen.  Forrest.  .  . 
Kirby  Smith... 

Gen.  Forrest  .  .  . 
Gen.  Hoke  
Gen.  Dick  Taylor 

Gen.  Banks  .... 

Majs.   Booth    & 
Bradford  .... 
Gen.  Wessela.. 
Gen.  A.  T.  Smith 

CoL  Drake 

Fort  Pillow     

Plymouth,  N.  C  

Cane  River  La 

Supply  train    captured    near 
Pine  Bluff,  Ark. 

CHRONOLOGICAL   TABLE   OF   THE   WAR. 


309 


;          Killed,  Wounded,  and  Prisoners. 

Remarks. 

Union. 

Eebel. 

4000   

About  16,000  

Bragg  defeated. 
Eebel  k.  and  w.  not  reported. 

Forrest's  guerrillas  captured. 
Rebels  defeated. 

Rebels  defeated. 

Rebels  defeated. 
Federals  defeated. 
Rebels  defeated. 
Rebela  defeated. 

Rebels    defeated.      Loss    much 
greater. 

Rebel  Battery  defeated. 
Rebels  routed. 
Federals    defeated.      Rebel    loss 
about  the  same. 
Killed  and  wounded  not  reported. 
Federals  defeated. 
Rebels  defeated  with  considerable 
loss. 
Suffolk  captured. 
Rebels  defeated. 
Rebel  camp  captured. 

Town  nearly  destroyed    by  the 
bombardment. 
Rebels  defeated. 

9  guns  captured. 

! 

800   

300  t> 

1000  

2500  

200     

800  k.  and  w 

50  p.  .  . 

i 

121  p  

j 

13  k.  20  w.  

60  k.  or  w.,  300  p. 
1  50  k  and  w  .  .  .  . 

14k.  49  p  

32k.  and  1  Co.  p.  . 
40  k.  20  p.   . 

t 

12  k  35  w 

212*k.,  w.,  andm. 
15  k.  80  w.  

300  k.,  w.,  and  m. 

i 

100               .      . 

1500  

75  k  and  w     .... 

300  p 

8  k.  7  w.  75  m  

6  k.  20  w  

210  

25  k 

50  k.  and  w  
282  p  

306  p 

14k.  46  w.  

1000  k.  and  w.... 
2000  p  

500  k.&  w.l  500  p. 

600  k.  100  w  
150k.  1700  p  
80  k.  and  w  

Loss  not  reported. 
1500  k.  and  w.... 
1000  

2000  p 

310 


THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


Date. 

Names  and  Places  of  Battles,  En- 
gagements, and  Skirmishes. 

Commanders. 

Union. 

Rebel. 

1864. 

May  5-7 

8-11 
"     10 
"     10 
«     12 

12-15 
13-15 
"     15 
19-20 
"     24 
May    25 
M     28 
Junel-3 

June    5 

"      9 
"     10 
"    11 

15-18 

"     22 
u     27 
July     9 

"     12 
J'yl3-15 

"     20 
"     20 
"     22 
27-30 
Ag.  5-20 

Wilderness,  Ya  

Gens.        Grant, 
Meade,      and 
Burnside  .... 

Gen.  Sherman  .  . 
Grant  
Gen.  Averill.  .  .  . 
Gen.  Grant  

Gen.  Butler  
Gen.  Sherman  .  . 
Gen.  Sigel  
Gen.  Butler.  .  .  . 
Gen.  Wild  
Gen.  Hooker.  .  . 
Gen.  Sherman  .  . 
Gens.  Grant  and 
Meade  

Gen.  Lee  

Gn.  Joe  Johnson 
Lee  
Gen.  Jones  
Gen.  Lee  

Gn.  Beau  regard. 
Gn.  Joe  Johnson 
Breckinridge.  .  . 
Gn.  Beauregard. 
Gn.  Fitz  H.  Lee. 
Gen.  Hardee.  .. 
Gen.  Longstreet. 

Gen.  Lee. 

Rock  Face  Ridge,  Ga  

Spottsylvania  C.  H  
Near  Wytheville,  Va  

Spottsylvania  C  H       ... 

Fort  Darling,  Ya  

Resaca  G-a  .... 

Bermuda  Hundred,  Ya.  .  ..... 
Wilson's  Landing,  Ya  
Near  Dallas,  Ga  

Dallas  Ga     .  . 

Cold  Harbor,  Ya  

Mount  Sterling  

Gen.  Burbridge. 
Gen.  Sturgis  
Gen.  Burbiidge. 

Gens.  Grant  and 
Meade  
Gen.  Meade  
Gen.  Sherman  .  . 
Gen.  Wallace.  .  . 

Gen.  Augur.  .  .  . 
Gens.  Smith  and 
Slocum 

Guntown  Miss  

E.  Kirby  Smith  . 
Gen.  Morgan  .  .  . 

Gen.  Lee  
Gen.  Lee  
Gen.  Johnson.  .  . 
Gen.  J.  Early.  . 

Gen.  Early.  

Gen.  Forrest  .  .  . 
Gen.  Early  
Gen.  Hood  
Gen.  Hood  
Gen.  Lee  
Gn.Page  &  Adm. 
Buchanan...  . 

Near  Cynthiana,  Ky  

Petersburg  Ya       .                 . 

Weldon  Railroad,  Ya  
Near  Kenesaw  Mt.,  Ga  

Silver  Springs  D  C 

Between  Poutotoc  and  Tupelo, 
Tenn 

Before  Winchester,  Ya  
Peach  Tree  Creek  Ga  .  .  . 

Gen.  Averill  — 
Gen.  Sherman.  . 
Gen.  Sherman  .  . 
Gen.  Grant.  
Adm.Farragut  & 
Gen.  Granger. 

Before  Atlanta,  Ga  

Petersburg,  Ya  

Mobile  Bay,  Ala  

CHRONOLOGICAL   TABLE   OF   THE   WAE. 


311 


Killed,  "Wounded,  and  Prisoners. 


Union. 


Kebel. 


Kemarks. 


800  k.,  w.,  and  m . 


650  k.,  w.,  and  m. 
1000  p , 


5000  k.,  w.,  and  m 

700k.  2800  w 

97  k.  440  w.  225  m 

300 

40  k.  and  w 

1500 

300... 


Loss  much  greater. 
Loss  not  reported . 
1000  k.,  w.,  and  m. 

Not  stated 

275  k.  and  w.,  lip 


9000k.,  w.,  and  m. 


2500  k.&w.,  300  p. 

8000  k.,  w.,  and  m. 
1500  p 


986  k.  &  w. 
200k.  &w.  1200p". 


700  p 

1000  p  Loss  not  reported . 
305k.  275  w.  400  p 


10,000 

600  k.  &  w.  2500  p  Loss  not 

1500 

1000.. 


Not  reported 

reported . 


200  k.,  w.,  and  m. 

300 

250  k.,  w.,  and  m. 
1713  k.,  w.,  andm. 

3521 

5000  k.,  w.,  and  m. 


Not  reported 

100  k.,  many  w. . . 

2000 

300  k.  &  w.,  200  p. 
5000  k.  &  w.  1000  p 
10,000 

1200  k.,  w.,  and  m. 


120  k.  88  w. 


1756  p. 


Rebel  Gen.  Longstreet  wounded. 
Gens.  Wadsworth  and  Hayes 
killed.  Loss  about  15,000  on 
each  side. 

Loss  about  10,000  on  each  side. 

Gen.  Jones  defeated. 

Rebels  lost  between  3000  and  4000 
prisoners,  including  2  general 
officers  and  30  pieces  of  artillery. 


Federals  defeated. 


Rebels  about  the  same  loss. 
Rebels  retreated. 


3  guns  and  3000  stand  of  arms, 
stores,  etc.,  were  captured,  and 
a  large  number  of  rebels  killed 
and  wounded. 

Rebels  defeated. 

Federals  defeated  and  the  town 
burned. 


Johnson  flanked. 

Federals  overpowered  and  forced 
to  retreat. 


Rebels  defeated. 
Early  defeated. 

Gen.  McPherson  killed. 

K.  and  w.  not  reported.    150  guns 
captured. 


312 


THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


Date. 

Names  and  Places  of  Battles,  En- 
gagements, and  Skirmishes. 

Commanders. 

Union. 

Rebel. 

1864. 

Aug.  14 
15-18 
"     16 

18-22 

1     19 
;     21 
4     21 
4     24 
4     25 
4     31 
Sept.    3 
44       4 

"     16 
"     19 

44     21 
"     26 
Sept.  29 
to  Oct.  1 
Sept.  30 
Oct.      2 
44      7 

44      9 
44     10 
41     13 
w     13 
"     19 
"     19 
44     26 

44     2f 

0.  28-30 
44     28 

Nov.    5 

Strawberry  Plains,  Va  
Deep  Bottom  Va         

Gen.  Grant  
Gen.  Grant  
Gen.  Merrill.... 

Gen.    Kilpatrick 
and  Col.  Minty 
Gen.  Warren  — 
Gen.  Grant  
Gen.  Sheridan.  . 
Col.  Siebold  
Gen.  Grant  
Gen.  Sherman.  . 

Gen.  Lee  
Gen.  Lee  

Gens    Lomax  & 
Wickham  .... 
Gen.  Ross    Fer- 
guson 

Crooked  Run,  Va  

Jonesboro  Ga       

At  Six  Mile  Station   Va  

Gen.  Pickett  
Gen.  Lee  
Gen.  Early  
Gen.  Wheeler.  .  . 
Gen.  Lee  
Gen.  Hood  

On  Weldon  Road  

Summit  Point  Va.          

On  the  Weldon  Road 

Drakesville  &  Penyville,  Va.  . 

Gen.  Gillam  

Gens.  Gregg  and 
•*  Kautz 

John  Morgan.  .  . 

Gen.  Hampton.  . 

Gen.  Early  
Gen.  Early  
Gen.  Price  

Gen.  Lee  

Bunker  Hill,  near  "Winchester, 
Va  

Gen.  Sheridan  .  . 
Gen.  Sheridan  .  . 
Gen.  Ewing.  .  .  . 

Gen.  Grant  

Fisher's  Hill  Va  

Richmond  and  Petersburg,  Va. 
Preble's  Farm      

•\bingdon    Va                    ... 

Gen.  Burbridge. 

Gen.  Butler.  .  .  . 
Gen.  Sheridan.  . 
Gen.  Corse  
Gen.  Terry  
Gen.  Gillem  
Gen.  Sheridan  .  . 
Gen.  Blunt  
Gen.  Pleasanton 

Gen.  Grant  
Col.  Morgan  .  .  . 

Gen.  Gillam  

•M  i*. 

Gen.  Echols  

Gen.  Anderson. 
Gen.  Rosser  
Gen.  French  .... 

Gn.  Breckinridge 
Gen.  Early  
Gen.  Price  
Gen.  Price  

Gen.  Lee  
Rhoddy  

Darbytown     Road    and  New 
Market  Heights 

Fisher's  Hill,  Va  

Allatoona  Ga                 ...... 

Darbytown  Road,  Va  
Bull's  Gap  Va           

Cedar  Creek,  Va  

Lexington,  Mo  
Mins  Creek,  Mo  

Darbytown,          Williamsburg 
Road,  and  Hatcher's  Run,  Va 
Decatur    ...            .    . 

Norristown   E  Tenn 

Vaughn         ... 

Fort  Sedgwick,  Va  

CHRONOLOGICAL   TABLE    OF   THE   WAK. 


313 


Killed,  Wounded,  and  Prisoners. 

Remarks. 

Union. 

Eebel. 

Total  loss  1100... 
Total  loss  4000... 

70         

250  p  
2500  

300  

Rebel  k.  and  w.  not  given. 
Rebels  defeated. 

Rebels  defeated. 

Rebel  loss  not  reported. 
Rebels  defeated. 

Rebels  repulsed. 
Rebels  repulsed. 
Morgan's  staff    taken    prisoners. 
Morgan  killed.. 

Rebel  Gens.  Rhodes  and  Gordon 
killed. 
16  rebel  guns  captured. 
Rebels  defeated. 

Rebel  loss  about  2400. 

Rebel  k.  and  w,  not  given. 
Rebels  defeated. 
Federals  retreated. 
Rebel  loss  not  given. 

Blunt  defeated. 
Gens.    Marmaduke    and    Cabell, 
2800  wounded  Rebels,  and  1500 
stand  of  arms  captured. 

8  pieces  of  artillery  captured  from 
the  rebels. 
Rebels  defeated. 

314  k  and  w  

1000  k.,  w.,  and  m. 
1500  p   . 

3000                 .... 

600   

2000  

900         

30  

150  

lOOOk.&w.  3000p. 
50  k.  439  w.  60  m. 
300  

110  k.,  w.,  and  m. 

3000  k.  and  w  — 
600  k    and  w 

1500  k.  andw  
5000  k.,  w.,  and  m  . 
70  p  
100  k.  75  p  

90  k.  and  w  

500    k.    4000    w. 
2500  p 

400k.  &  w.  HOOp 
1500  k.  and  w  

9  k  60  w  

6000k.,  w.,  and  m. 
500k.  &w.,  1500  p. 
350     

50  p 

18k.  71  w.  21m.. 

1000  
330  p  

275  k.  &  w.,  500  p. 
200               ...... 

500  
60  

600  k.,  w.,  and  m. 
414           

220  

4000k.  &w.  1300p 

2800  k.&w.  1300  p 

1000k.  &w.  2000  p 

400    k.    1500    w. 
800  m 

900  k.,  1000  p.... 

1600k.,w.,  and  m. 
400  p.,  many  k.&w. 
200  p  
^ 
120  

100  

70  

314 


THE   NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK 


Date. 

Names  and  Places  of  Battles,  En- 
gagements, and  Skirmishes. 

Commanders. 

Union. 

Eebel. 

1864. 

Nov.  12 
Nov    29 
to  Dec.  7 
Nov.  30 

Dec.     1 
ic      7 

"     13 
"     14 
15-21 
Dec.    15 
D.  15-16 

"     17 
23-25 

1865. 
Jan.    15 
Feb.  5-7 

"     11 
17-19 

20-22 

Feb.  27 
toMh.10 
March  2 

"    10 

"     11 
•"     16 
"     19 

"     29 

27-25 
April    1 

Near  Nineveh,  Va 

Powell..-.  
Gen.  Foster.  .  .  . 

Gen.  Lorn  ax.  .  . 

Grahatnsville   and  Pocotaligo, 

s.  c  

Franklin,  Tenn  

Gen.  Schofield.. 

Gen.  Thomas.  .  . 
Rosseau  

Gen.  Hood  

Gen.  Hood  
Ferrest  

Nashville,  Tenn  

Near  Murfreesboro 

Kingsport,  E.  Tenn  

Gen.  Burbridge. 
Gen.  Burbridge. 
Gen.  Sherman.  . 

Basil  Duke 

Bristol,  Tenn 

Savannah,  Ga  

Gen.  Hardee  .  .  . 
Forrest  

Near  Murfreesboro           . 

Nashville  

Gen.  Thomas.  .  . 

Gen.  McCook.  .  . 
Gen.  Butler  and 
Rear  Ad.  Porter 

Gen.  Terry  
Gen.  Grant  and 
Meade  
Gen.  Terry  
Gen.  Schofield  & 
Rear  Ad.  Porter 
Gen.  Schofield  & 
Rear  Ad.  Porter 

Gen.  Sheridan  .  . 

Sheridan  
Gen.  Schofield.. 

Cox  and  Couch  . 
Gen.  Sherman.  . 
jen.  Sherman  .  . 
Sheridan  

Hood  

Ashbyville   Ky 

Gen.  Lyon  .  . 

Port  Fisher  N.  C  

Gen.  Whiting.  .  . 

Gen.  Lee  
Gen  Hoke  

Fort  Fisher.  N.  C.  
Dabney   Mills   and    Hatcher's 
Run,  Va  

Near  Wilmington,  N.  C  
Fort  Anderson,  N.  C  

Wilmington,  N.  C  

Gen.  Bragg  
Gen.  Early.  .... 

Early  
Bragg  

Hill  and  Hoke.. 
Gen.  Johnson.  .  . 
3-en.  Johnson.  .  . 
Sushrod  Johnson 

Gen.  Lee  
Gen    Lee     .... 

Waynesboro,  James  River,  and 
Virginia  Central  Railroad.  . 
Between    Charlottesville    and 
Staunton   

Kingston  N  C 

Kingston,  N.  C  

Averasboro  N  C  

Bentonville  N  C 

Quaker  Road  

Gens.  Grant  and 
Meade  
Sheridan        and 
Warren  .... 

Five  Forks  

CHRONOLOGICAL   TABLE   OF   THE   WAK. 


315 


Killed,  "Wounded,  and  Prisoners. 

Eemarks. 

Union. 

Eebel. 

From  1200  to  1500 
189    k.     1033    w. 
1104m  

150  p  

2  rebel  guns  captured. 
Rebel  loss  not  reported. 
Rebels  defeated. 

Forrest  routed,  losing  14  cannon. 
Rebels  routed. 

Forrest  defeated. 
Ed.    Johnson    captured,   also    47 
guns  and  7000  small  arms. 
Lyon  defeated. 

The  fort  and  72  guns  captured. 

Killed  and  wounded  not  reported. 

Killed  and  wounded  not  reported. 
11   guns,  which   was   nearly  the 
whole  of  Early's  force,  captured. 

2000  rebels  captured  from  the  8th 
to  the  10th. 
Rebels  repulsed. 

Rebels  repulsed. 
Rebels  retire.    Loss  on  each  side 
500. 

All  the  rebel  artillery  captured. 
Davis  flies  by  night  from  Rich- 
mond. 

1750    k.    3800   w. 
702  p 

Loss  about  6500  .  . 

Loss  over  23,  000.. 
207  p.. 

150.. 

400  

300  p  

600  k.  &  w.  1000  p 
1500k.  andw  
23,000  loss  .  ... 

6500  loss  

195  

100  k.  &  w.,  280  p. 
440  k.  &  w.  2500  p. 

1500k.,  w.,  and  m. 
100  

110  k.  536  w 

147    k.    1038     w. 
800  w.... 

60  

100  
200  

60  p  

1072  p 

69  

5  k  1352  p 

1800  p 

1000  loss     .    . 

1200k.  &w.,  400  p. 

2000  
327  k.  373  p  
167k.  1625  p.... 

300  
74  k.  477  w  
1646  

180     k.    1240    w. 
990  m  

2200  k.  <fe  w.  2800 

3000  

5000  13  ^ 

1 

316 


THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


Date. 

Names  and  Places  of  Battles,  En- 
gagements, and  Skirmishes. 

Commanders. 

Union. 

Rebel. 

1865. 

April    1 
"      2 

"  2-3 
"       3 
"      6 

"       9 
"     11 

"     12 
"     12 
"     14 
"     16 
"     26 
May     1 
«      4 

"     10 
"     10 

"     10 

"     26 

Ebenezer  Church,  Ala  

Gen.  Wilson  .  .  . 
Gen.  Wilson  .  .  . 

Gen.  Grant  
Weitzel's  colored 

Sheridan  

Forrest 

Selma,  Ala  *    . 

Forrest       • 

Petersburg  and  Richmond.  .  .. 
Richmond  entered  by  General 
Near    Farmville   and   Sailors' 
Creek  

Gen.  Lee  .  .  . 

troops. 
Lee  

Surrender  of  Lee's    army  to 
Fort  Blakly,  Mobile  

General  Grant  at 
Gen.  Can  by  and 
Adm.  Thatcher 
to  Gen.  Wilson 
Gen.  Stoneman. 
coin,  Ford's  The 

Appomattox 

Gen.  Taylor  
Gen.  Forrest.  .  .  . 
Gardner 

Surrender  of  Montgomery,  Ala., 
Near  Salisbury  N  C 

Assassination  of  President  Lin 
Columbus  &  West  Point,  Ala.  . 
Surrender  of  Gen.  Johnson  and 
Surrender  of  Morgan's  old  com 
Surrender  of  Gen.  Dick  Taylor 
Tallahassee  Fla                

atre,byJ.Wilkes 

lis    army,   num 
mand  to  General 
of  all  the  forces 
Gen.  McCook... 
Col.  Barrett  

ville,  Ga/ 
Smith    and    his 

bering       27,500 
Hobson,       1200 
of  W.  Mississippi 
Gen.  Sam.  Jones 
Gen.  Slaughter. 

army   of    about 

Near  Boco  Chico,  Texas  

Capture  of  Jeff  Davis,  Irwins 
Surrender  of   General    Kirby 

CHRONOLOGICAL   TABLE   OF   THE   WAR. 


317 


Killed,  "Wounded,  and  Prisoners. 

Remarks. 

Union. 

Eebel. 

300  p  

3  rebel  guns  captured. 
Forrest  and  Rhoddy  taken  prison- 
ers.    Selma  captured  aud  all 
stores. 

Rebel  Generals  Ewell,  Kershaw, 
Corse,  and  Curtis  Lee  captured, 
also  16  guns  and  400  wagons. 
All  were  paroled. 

32  rebel  cannon  captured,  4000  p. 
1  00  rebel  guns  captured. 
14  rebel  cannon  captured. 

100,000  bales  of  cotton  taken. 

None  killed. 
This  was  the  last  engagement  of 
the  war. 

3000  p      . 

8000  

9000k.,  w.,  and  ra. 
GOOO  p  

C.  H.,Va  

26,115  p  

2000 

500  k.  &  w.,  300  p. 
2700  p  

1800  p       ... 

Booth. 

* 

1500  p  

men. 
men,   at  Mt    Ster 
to  Gen.  Canby. 

ling,  Ky. 
8000p  

70  

20,000. 

Statement  of  Vessels  captured  and  destroyed  for  Violation  of 
the  Blockade,  or  in  Battle,  from  May,  1861,  to  May  1865, 
from  the  Official  Report  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy. 


Class. 

N"ame. 

When 
cap- 
tured. 

Where  captured. 

By  what  vessel. 

Schooner.  .  . 
Ship  
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Ship  

A.  J.  Russell... 
Argo  
Arcola  
Almira  Ann.... 
Aid  

1861 
May     3 
May    14 
May    22 
May    17 
June    5 
June  18 
June  10 
June  15 
June  17 
July     4 
Aug.     6 
Aug.    13 
Aug.  16 
Aug.  31 
Sept.  27 
Oct.       6 

Hampton  roads  
>»             

Mobile  bay  

Cumberland 
Minnesota 

Niagara 
Wabash  and  Union 
Minnesota 
Mount  Vernon 
Massachusetts 
South  Carolina 
Jamestown 
Powhatan 
Roanoke  &  Seminole 
Jamestown 

Roanoke  and  Flag 
Vandalia 
3emsbok 
Susquehanna 
Connecticut 
Penguin  &  Alabama 
Alabama 
New  London  &  R.  B. 
Cuyler 
New  London  &  II.  R. 
Cuyler 
New  London,  &c 

Hatteras 

Bienville  &  Mohican 
Ethan  Allen 
Ottawa,  &c. 
Rowan's  expedition 

M 

Pursuit 
Bienville 
Flambeau 
Tyler 
Daylight  and  Chip- 
pewa 
Huron 
Kanawha 
Perry,  Lockwood  & 
Ceres 
Deres 

Bri01  

Amy  Warwick.. 
Alena  

Hampton  roads  

Sloop  .  . 

Schooner  .  .  . 
Schooner... 
Bri" 

Achilles  

Chandeleur  island.  . 

Ann  Ryan  
Alvarado  
Abbie  Bradford. 
Albion  

St.  Mary's  river  
Mississippi  river.  .  .  . 
Charleston  

Schooner  .  .  . 
Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 
Schooner  ..  . 
Schooner... 
Brig  

Lat.  30°,  long.  80°  .  . 
Key  West  

Aristides  
Alert  
Ariel  

Brig  

Schooner  .  .  . 
Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 
Ship 

Ariel  

Oct.     20 
Sept.  13 
Nov.   17 
Nov.   25 
Dec.   12 

Nov.  22 

Wilmington,  N.  C.. 

Off  Cape  Carnaveral 
Coast  of  S.  Carolina. 
Tybee 

Albion 

Steamer  

Anna  
A.  J.  View  

Mississippi  sound.  .  . 
»»               •  •  • 

Cedar  Keys  ....... 

Sloop 

Advocate  

Dec.     I 
1862 

Jan.    10 
Feb.    25 

Schooner... 

Schooner  .  .  . 
Sloop  
Yacht.... 
Steamer.  . 

Anna  Smith.... 

Arrow  
Atlanta  

St.  John's,  Florida.. 
West  coast  of  Florida 
East  coast  of  Florida 
Newbern  N.  C  

America  
Albemarle  
A.  H.  Partridge. 

March.. 
Mar.   14 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Steamer.... 

Ship  

*' 

Anna  Belle  
Alert  
Active  
Alfred  Robb.... 

Alliance  

March.  . 
Feb.    26 
April  26 
April  19 

April  26 

May     1 

April  29 

May    14 

Mar.     6 
May    26 
June     1 
June    7 
Julv   16 

Cape  Blass  
St.  John's,  Florida.. 
Stono,  S.  Carolina.  . 
Florence,  Alabama. 
Captured     at     Fort 

Schooner  .  .  . 
Sloop  

Steamer.... 

Schooner  .  .  . 
Schooner  .  .  . 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Albert  
Annie  

Alice  

Actor  

Andromeda  
Agnes  H.  Ward. 
Amer'n  Coaster. 
Agnes  

Charleston         .  .   . 

Gulf  of  Mexico  
Roanoke  river  

Pamlico  river,  N.  C. 
Mural  Cuba  

Coast  of  S.  Carolina  Northern  Light 
Pamunkey  river.  .  .  .  ]Currituck 
..  Huntsvillo 

320 


VESSELS   CAPTURED   AND   DESTROYED 


Class. 

Name. 

When 
cap- 
tured. 

"Where  captured. 

By  what  vessel. 

Schooner  .  .  . 
Steamer.... 

Steamer.... 
Schooner.  .  . 

Aouilla  .  .  . 

1862 
Aug.     4 

July     7 

June  19 

Mar.   25 
April  10 
Aug.   27 

Sept.  25 

Oct.       1 
Aug.  23 

Huron 
Quaker     City     and 
Huntsville 
Susquohanna&Kan« 
awha 
Delaware 
Com.  Perry,  &c 
R.  R.  Cuyler 
Freeborn. 

Florida 

William  Bacon. 
Essex 

Kensington,  &c. 
Arthur 
Seneca 
Ellis 
Flag  &  Restless 
Huntsville 
Sagamore 

.Monticello 

Adela  

Ann  
Albemarle  

Bahamas  

Mobile  

Pungo  river,  N.  C.  .  . 
Newtogan  c'k,  N.  C 
Gulf  of  Mexico.... 
Potomac  river  
St.  Andrew's  sound 
Ga  

Schooner... 
Schooner.  .  . 

Schooner.  .  . 
Sloop  

Anna  Sophia  .  .  . 
Arctic  
Agnes  

Ann  Squires.... 
Anglo  American 

"Wicomico  bay  
Mississippi  river.  .  . 

TUK 

Ram  .  . 

Schooner... 
Steamer.  .  .  . 
Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 
Steamer.... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 
Sloop  

Sloop  .  . 

Adventure  
A.B  
Annie  Dees  
Adelaide  

Oct.       1 
Aug.  15 
Nov.     7 
Oct.     21 
Oct.     24 
Nov.  15 
Nov.  24 
Dec.    10 
Nov.  18 

Corpus  Christi.  
Charleston  

Sounds  of  N.  Car.  .  . 
Bull's  bay  

Anglia  
Ariel  
Agnes  
Alicia  
Ariel  

Lat.  24°,  long.  S3"  .. 

Shallotte  inlet,  is'.  C 

Ann  

Avenger  
Antona  

Dec.    30 
18G3. 
Jan.     5 
Jan.      6 
Feb.     3 
Feb.   28 
Feb.     8 
Feb.   14 
Feb.   25 
Mar.   15 
Mar.  28 
Mar.  31 

Mar.  23 
Feb.   26 
April  14 
April  17 
April  18 

April  24 
May     8 

May    16 
May    13 

May   20 

Gem  of  the  Sea 

Sagamore 
Pocahontas 
Queen  of  the  "West 
Wyandank 
Julia 
Tioga 
State  of  Georgia 
Sonoma 
Stettin 
Memphis 
Two  Sisters 
Arizona 
Fort  Henry 
Huntsville 
Wanderer 
Susquehanna 
W.    World   and   S. 
Rotan 
Perry 
Flag,  Cnnandaigua, 
"Wamsutta 
Courier 
Huntsville 
Yazoo  Pass  expedi- 
tion 

59 

Weehawken       and 
Nahant 
Fort  Henry 
Satellite 
Restless 

Bermuda 
Princess  Roval 

Steamer.  .  .  . 
Steamer.  .  .  . 
Schooner... 
Boat  

Cape  St*  Bias  

A.  "W.  Baker... 

A.W.Thompson 

Mississippi  river.  .  .  . 
Pinev  Point  

Caloosahatchie  river 

Schooner... 
Brig  . 

Annie  
Atlantic 

Steamer.  .  .  . 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Sloop  
Schooner. 
Schooner  . 
Schooner. 
Schooner... 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner.  .  . 
Sloop  

Aries  

Bull's  Bay,  S.  Car.  . 

Mosquito  inlet  

Suwanee  river  

Havana  

Annie  B  

Lat.  27%  long.  83°  .. 
Lat  29"  long       ° 

A.  Carson  
Alma  

Amelia.  ..  

Chesapeake  bay  .... 

At  sea  

Schooner.  .  . 
Ram  ...  . 

A.  J.  Hodge.... 

Lat.  28°,  long.  86°.. 

Iron-clad, 
rebel  
Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 

Schooner... 

Schooner... 
Brie.... 

Atlanta  

June  17 

June  28 
May  28 

July     6 

Aug.  15 
Ausr.  10 

Anna  Maria.... 
Arctic  

Ann  

Artist  
Atlantic... 

Steinhathee  river.  .  . 
Great  Yiocomico  
Chnrlotte      Harbor, 

Lat.  28%  long.  95*  .  . 
Rio  Grande  

FOU    VIOLATION   OF   THE   BLOCKADE. 


321 


Class. 

Name. 

Wben 
cap- 
tured. 

Where  captured. 

By  what  vessel. 

Steamer.  .  .  . 
Schooner... 
Steamer.... 
Steamer.  .  .  . 
Brig  
Steamer.... 
Steamer  
Boat  
Schooner... 
Schooner  .  .  . 
English  sen. 

Schooner... 

British  sch.. 
Steamer.... 

Sloop 

Alice  Vivian.... 
Ann  

1863 
Aug.  16 
Aug.     8 

Gulf  of  Mexico  
Gilbert's  bar  

De  Soto 
Sagamore 
Mississippi  squadron 
Shenandoah 

Eugenie 
Black  Hawk 
Fort  Henry 
Ladona 
Granite  City 

Kanawha 

Braziliera 
Gov.  Buckingham 

Fernandina 

S.  Car.,  T.  A.  Ward 

Virginia 

Kanawha 
Chocura 
Ceres  and  Rockland 

Naval  and  army  cap- 
ture 
Santiago  de  Cuba 
Kansas,  &c. 
Mobile 
Aster 

Proteus 

Torpedo  boat  (Lieut. 
Cushirig) 
Kearsarge 

Katahdin 

R.    R.    Cuyler   and 
others 
Princess  Royal  and 
Chocura 

Honeysuckle 
Pontiac 
Bienville  and  Prin- 
cess Royal 
Panola 
Sea  Bird 

Minnesota 
Massachusetts 

Arabian  

Sept.  15 
Aug.   14 
Sept.  12 
Oct.       7 
July  13 
Nov.  15 
Oct.    27 
Nov.  — 

Nov.  30 

Dec.     8 
Dec.   20 
1864. 
Jan.   16 

Mar.     3 

April  12 
April  19 

May    14 
May     3 
May   12 

July  28 
Sept.  10 
Oct.     31 
Oct.      5 
Oct.      7 

Sept.     6 

New  inlet.  N.  Car.. 
Off  the  Rio  Grande. 
Chandeleur  island  .  . 

Atlantic  

Argus  
Alice  
Arctic  
Anita  
Amelia  Ann.... 
Albert,  or   "VVe- 

At  sea  

At  sea...'  

Brazos  Santiago.... 
Off  Mobile  

Antoinetre  
Antonica  

Cumberland  beach.. 
Off  Wilmington  

St.  Cath.'s  sound... 
Off  Ty  bee  island.... 
Off  Savannah  

Annie  Thomps'n 
Arietta,  or  Mar- 
tha   

Schooner... 

Steamer  
Mexican  sch 

Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 
Schooner.  .  . 

Steamer.... 

Steamer.  .  .  . 
Steamer.... 
Schooner... 
Steamer.  .  .  . 

Schooner... 

Rebel  ram.. 
Rebel  steam 
Schooner... 

Steamer.... 
Schooner... 

Schooner... 
Steamer.... 

Schooner... 

Rebel  sch... 
Sloop  

Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner  .  .  . 
Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner.  . 
Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 

Alliance  

Coast  of  Texas  
Off   Eepiritu    Santo 

Agnes  
Ann  C.  Daven- 

OffVelasco,  Texas.. 

Arrow  
A.D.Vance.... 
Annie  
Annie  Virden... 
Annie  

Ann  Louisa.... 

Gatesville,  N.  C.... 
At  sea  

Off  New  inlet  

Off  Valasco.        .... 

Near  Cape  Fear  
Lat.  26°  30'  N.;  long. 
89°  30'  "W  . 

Alabama  
Albert  Edward. 

Armstrong  

June  19 
Oct.    31 

Dec.     4 

Dec.     7 

1865. 
Jan.    17 
Mar.    2 

Feb.      7 

Feb.   18 
April  11 
1861. 
May  15 
June  23 

July   16 
Sept.  29 
Oct.      3 

Off  Cherbourg,  Fr.. 
Lat.  27°  N.:  long.  94° 

w  

Lat.  32°  N.;  long.  77° 

Off  St.  Louis  Pass... 

Suwanee  river,  Fla. 
Savannah  river  

Galveston  Bay  
Pass  Cavallo  

Annie  Sophia.  .  . 

Anna  Dale  
Annie  

Belle  Conway.  . 
Brilliante  
Basilde 

Crystal  river,  Fia.. 

Hampton  roads  
Mississippi  sound.  .  . 

Brunette 

Coast  of  Maryland.  . 
Hatteras  inlet  

Potomac  flotilla 
Susquehanna 
Gemsbok 
Potomac  flotilla 
Resolute 
W.  G.  Anderson 

Baltimore...... 
Beverly  

Potomac  river  

Buena  Vista.... 
Beauregard  

July    17 
Nov.   13 

Bahama  channel..  .  . 

322 


VESSELS   CAPTURED   AND    DESTROYED 


Class. 

Name. 

When 
cap- 
tured. 

Where  captured. 

By  what  vessel. 

Brig  . 

B.  F.  Martin... 
Blooming  Youth 

Black  "Warrior. 
British  Queen.. 

1861 
July   28 
Dec.    18 
1862. 
Feb.    - 
Mar.     1 
April  27 
April  26 

Hatteras  

Union 
Perry 

Rowan's  expedition 
Mount  Vernon. 
Mercedita 
Uncas 
Csaac  Smith 
Bainbridge. 
Rachel  Seaman 

Sloop         • 

Alexandria,  Va  
Elizabeth  City  

Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Steamer.... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Sloop 

Hole-in-Wall 

Belle  

British  Empire. 

Charleston  

Marata  nzas  inlet.  .  .  . 
Lat.  23°,  long.  83°  .  . 
Coast  of  Te>  as  
Potomac  river  
Coast  of  Texas.  .  . 

June    9 

Sloop 

Aug.  12 
Feb. 

Schooner... 
Sloop  

Breaker  
Bellefont  

Arthur 

Daylight 
Sagamore 

Naval  and  army  cap- 
ture 
Octorara 
Admiral  Farragut'a 
fleet 
Queen  of  the  "West 
Potomska 
Tioga 
Fort  Henry 
De  Soto 
Brooklyn 
Santiago  de  Cuba 
Niphon 
Flambeau 
Cayuga 
San  Jacinto 
Grand  Gulf  and  Ful- 
ton 
Not  known 

Blockading  squadron 
Braziliera 

Mattabesett  and  oth- 
ers 
Fort  Jackson 
Montgomery,  &c. 

Adela 

Picket  boats 
Virginia 

N.  Atlantic  squadron 
Panola 

Part  of  N.  Atlantic 
squadron 
Part  of    West  Gulf 
squadron 
H 

Dart 

Cumberland 

Belle  Italia.... 
Brilliant 

July   10 
Nov.     3 
Dec.     1 
1863. 

Jan.      1 
Jan.    15 
Jan.   19 

Feb.     3 
Feb.    23 
Mar.  22 
Mar.  25 
April  24 
May   27 
June  25 
July   29 
June  23 
July     2 
Aug      7 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Steamer.... 
Schooner.  .  . 
Steamer.... 

Steamer.... 
Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 

SI  GOT) 

New  Topsail  inlet  .  . 
Indian  river.  ....... 

By  George  

Brave  

New  Orleans,  La  

Mississippi  river  .  .  . 
Sapelo  sound  

Berwick  Bay.. 
Belle  
Brothers  
Bangor  

'Rrityhf 

Guff  of  "Me'xico  ..... 
Lat.  26°,  long.  96°  .  . 
Lat.  25°,  long.  74°... 
New  Inlet  .  . 

Sloop               !B:azor  

Steamer.... 
Ship  
Schooner... 
Sloop  
Boat 

Britannia  

Banshee  

Bettie  Cratzer. 
Blue  Belle  

Coast  of  N.  Car.... 
Sabine  Pass 

Steamer.  .  .  . 
Schooner.... 

Steamer.... 
Sloop  
Steamer.... 

Steamer.... 
Steamer.... 

Schooner... 

Steamer.... 
Schooner... 

Steamer.  .  .  . 
Schooner.... 

Gunboat.  .. 

Rebel  st'r-.. 
Rebel  st'r.. 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Nov.  21 

Dec.  16 
1864. 
Jan.     3 

Feb.     1 
May     5 

July     8 
Oct.    10 

Nov.     6 
Nov.  27 

Bigelow  

Bear  Inlet  

Off  Wilmington.... 
St.  Andrew's  sound 
Ga  

Buffalo  

Bombshell  

Boston  
Bat  

Badger.  

Off  Plymouth,  N.  C. 
Off  "Wilmington.... 

St  George's  Sound, 

Off  Charleston,  S.  C. 
Galveston,  Texas... 

Cap'e  Fear  river.... 
Lat.  28°  N.,  long.  92° 

w  :.... 

Belle  

Dec.   27 
1865. 
Jan.   24 

Feb.     2 
Mar.  — 
May    10 

l&l. 

Sept.  24 
April  23 

Ben  Willis  
Beaufort  

Richmond,  Va  
Tombigbee  river.  .  .  . 

Baltic  
Black  Diamond 

Cecilia  
Cambria  

Hampton  roads.  .  .  . 

FOE   VIOLATION   OF   THE   BLOCKADE. 


323 


Class. 

Name. 

When 
cap- 
tured. 

Where  captured. 

By  what  vessel. 

Schooner... 
Schooner..  . 
Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner  
Schooner... 
Sloop  
Schooner.  .  . 

Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 

Steamer  

Steamer  
Sloop  

Carrie  

1861 
May     2 
May    17 
May   27 
July     5 
Aug.    8 
April    7 
Sept.     4 

Dec.     6 
Dec.    15 
Dec.    31 
1862. 

Jan.    23 

Feb.    — 
Mar.  — 

Mar.   14 
April    3 

April    2 

April    5 
April  10 

May     4 
May   22 

May   26 

May'si 
May    13 

Hampton  roads.  .  .  . 

Minnesota 

South  Carolina 
Santee 
Massach  usetts 
Jamestown 
Flag,  Seneca.  Poca- 
hontas,    Augusta, 
and  Savannah 
Stars  and  Stripes 
Harry  Lewis,  Water- 
"VVitch    and    New 
London 

Colorado,        Rachel 
Seaman,  and  tend- 
er of  Samuel  Ro- 
tan 
Rowan's   expedition 
Ethan  Allen 
Panola 
Rowan's  expedition 
Susquehanna 
Mercedita  and  Saga- 
more 
Montgomery 
Kanawha 
i» 
Somerset 
Mount  Vernon,  Vic- 
toria, and  State  of 
Georgia 
Huron 
Arietta  and  Dan 
Keystone  State 
Caihoun 
Mound  City 
Alabama  and  Flam- 
beau 
Somerset 
Braziliera 
Saval  expedition 
Rowan's  expedition 
Commodore     Perry 
and  others 
Arthur 

Santiago  de  Cuba 

James  S.  Chambers 
Jacob  Bell 
Crocker's  expedition 
Montgomery 
Resoluto 

Velocity,  Dan  Ken- 
sington,  and   Ra- 
chel  Seaman 
Huatsville 

Crenshaw  

Caroline  
C.  P.  Knapp  
Charles  Henry. 
Col.  Long  

Cheshire 

Dhandeleur  island  .  . 
At  sea  

Charity  

Hatteras  inlet  
Biloxi 

Capt.  Spedden.  . 
Calhoun  

Southwest  Pass  

Roanoke  island  
West  coast  oiFla... 
Lat.  2fa°,  long.  84°  .  . 
tfewbern  
Charleston  bar  

Caroline  

Schooner.  .  . 

Cora  

Schooner.... 
Sloop  

Clifton  
Coquette  

Pilot  boat.. 

Schooner..  .  . 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Steamer.  .  .  . 

Steamer.... 
Steamer.... 

Schooner.  .  . 
Gunboat.  .  .  . 
Steamer.... 

Schooner... 

Schooner...  . 
Schooner.... 

Schooner... 
Schooner.  .  . 

Propeller... 

Schooner.  .. 
Schooner.... 
Schooner..  .  . 

Steamer.... 

Sloop  
Sloop  

Schooner.... 
Schooner.  .  , 

Cvjjnet.  .  . 

Coast  of  Texas  
Mobile 

Charlotte.  
Cuba..  

Coast  of  Cuba  

Constitution.... 
Cambria  

Lockwood's  Folly  in- 
let    

Charleston  
At  Sea  
Charleston  
Bayou  Bonfouca.  .  .  . 

Cora  

Corypheus  

Catalina.         . 

June  20 

June  16 
June  28 
Mar.  14 

April  10 
July     9 
Aug.     3 

Aug.  23 
Sept.  20 
Oct.    - 

Oct.     28 
Nov.     8 

Nov.  11 
Dec.    22 

Curlew 

Warsaw  Sound  
Sounds  of  N.  Car.... 
Newborn  

Caroline  Virginia 
Comet  

Columbia  
Corelia  

Newtcgan  c'k  N.  C.. 
Coast  of  Texas  
Lat.  28",  long.  76°... 

Lat.  23°,  long.  84°.. 
Potomac  river  

Chapel  Point... 

Coast  of  Texas  
Lat.  29°,  long.  87°... 
Glymont,  Md  

Capitola  

Caperton  
Corse  ,. 
Courier....  ...? 

Lat.  24°,  long.  83°... 

324 


VESSELS   CAPTURED   AND   DESTROYED 


Class. 

Name. 

When 
cap- 
tureu. 

Where  captured. 

By  what  vessel. 

Brig  

Comet...  

18G2 
Dec.    26 
Dec.   27 
1863. 

Jan.   19 

H 

Feb.  27 
Feb.   28 
Feb.   23 
Feb.   24 
Mar.  25 
Mar.  30 
April  14 
April  16 
May     7 

April  20 

May  17 
May   15 
May     8 
May   16 

April  26 
June  11 
June    1 

Tune    3 

June  21 
June  19 
July   26 
July    11 
Aug.     7 
July   29 

lAbaco  

Santiago  de  Cuba 
Magnolia 

Admiral  Faxragut'fl 
fleet 
» 

Adolf  Hugel 
New  Era 
jrem  of  the  Sea 
Wyandank 
Kanawha 
Mississippi  squadron 
Sonoma 
McClellan 
Canandaigua     and 
Flag 

Port  Royal 

Schooner..  .  . 
Ship  

Steamer.... 
Schooner..  .  . 
Steamer.... 
Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 
Schooner.  .  . 

Schooner.  .  . 
Sloop  
Steamer.... 

Steamer.  .  .  . 
Brigantine.. 
Boat  

Carmita  

Marquesas  keys.... 

New  Orleans,  La.  .  . 
»               •  •• 

Alexandria,  Va...'! 

C.  AFarwell... 

Ceres  
Chatham  

Curlew  

Indian  river  

C.W.Worrell.. 
Clara  

Clyde  
Crotilda  
Cherokee 

Mobile  ...     . 

Campeachy  bank.  .  . 
Lat.  28°,  long.  80°.. 
Charleston  bar.  .... 

Cuba  
Hornet  
3razy  Jane  
C.  Ronterean.... 

Clarita  

Lat.  28°,long87°... 

DeSoto 
Kanawha 
Tahoma 
S.  Atlantic  bleck- 
ad'g  squadron. 
De  Soto 
Florida 
Fort     Henry     and 
Beauregard 
Fort      Henry     and 
Beauregard 
3ctorara  and  Tioga 

Tampa  bay,  Florida. 
Charleston. 

Lat.  26°,  long.  83°... 
Wilmington  

Steamer.... 

Steamer  
Schooner... 
Sloop 

Calvpso  .  .  . 

Charleston  

Crystal  river  

At  sea  

Hendrick  Hudson 
De  Soto 
San  Jacinto 
Port  Royal 

Port  Royal 

April  20 
July   - 
July   - 
July  — 

Dec.   - 
Dec.   — 
July   11 

Aug!     1 
July   26 
July   17 
do.  19-26 
Aug.  16 
Aug.  14 
Aug.     8 
July   26 
Nov.     8 

Near  Apalachicola.  . 

ii 
J.  L.  Davia 
0<jage 

Seminole 
Yankee. 
n 
Sagamore,  &o 
Fort  Henry 
Hendrick  Hudson. 
Rhode  Island 

St.  Joseph's  bay..  .  .  , 
Mississippi  squadron 

Rappahannock  river 

Clara  Ann..  . 

Clotilda        .  . 

Mosquito  inlet.  .  .  . 
Wacassassa  river.. 
Cape  San  Bias  
Lat.  27°,  long.  76°. 
Lat.  26°,  long.  95.. 
Indian  River  inlet 
Mosquito  inlet.  .  .  . 
Off  New  Inlet  

Steamer..... 
Schooner.... 
Sloop  
Schooner..  .  . 

Steamer..., 

Bermuda 
Sagamore 
Sagamore,  &c. 
Jas.AdgeraDdNip- 
bon 

Clara  Louisa.... 

Cornubia  

FOE  VIOLATION   OF  THE   BLOCKADE. 


325 


ClasB. 

Name. 

When 
cap- 
tured. 

Where  captured. 

By  what  vessel. 

Steamer.  .  .  . 
Eng.  stem'r. 
Schooner..  .  . 
Schooner.... 

Sloop  

Steamer.  .  .  . 
Schooner..  .  . 

Chatham.. 

1863 
Dec.    16 
Dec.      6 
Dec.    28 
Oct.      5 
1864. 
Jan.    18 
Jan.      6 
Feb.    26 

Dotey  sound.         . 

Huron 
Conn,  and  others 
Stars  and  Stripes 
Granite  City 

Roebuck 
Vanderbilt 
Clyde 
Mississippi  squadron 

Expedition  up  Yazoo 
De  Soto 
Virginia 

Massachusetts     and 
Keystone  State 
Union 
Flag 
Adolph  Hugel 

Sciota  and  Chocura 
Itasca 
Gettysburg  and  oth- 
ers 
Mackinaw 
Princess  Royal 
Horace  Deals 
Malvern  and  others 

Dai-Ching  and  Clo- 
ver 

luka 
Crusader 
Quaker  City 

Huntress 
Gertrude 
Cornubia 
Cornubia  and   Ger- 
trude 
Boat  expedition 
ii 

Cumberland 
« 
South  Carolina 
Santee 
New  London 

Ceres  

Cape  Fear  river  
Oclockney  river,  Fla. 

Caroline  

Caroline  
Cumberland.... 

Suwaiiee  river,  Fla  .  . 

Feb.   — 
Feb.     5 
Feb.    29 

May   30 

June  10 
June  12 
Oct.     26 
Oci      1 
Oct.      5 
Oct      28 
Nov.   30 
Dec.     5 

Dec!    19 
Jan.     5 

Jan.    19 
Jan.    26 

Port  Pemberton  
At  sea  

San  Luis  Pass  

Cassie  Holt  

Steamer.... 
Sloop  

At  sea"...     •••;•"• 

Caroline  

Sloop  
Schooner..  .  . 
Steamer.... 
Steamer.... 
Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 

Schooner.... 

Steamer..... 
Schooner.  .  .  . 

Cyclops  

Off  Charleston  

Potomac  river  

Condor  
Constance  
Cora  Smyser.  .  .  . 
Carrie  Mair  .... 

Cora  
Charlotte  

Off  Charleston  
OffVelasco.  Texas.. 
Pass  Caballo,  Texas. 
Lat.    32°    N.,  long. 
77°  "W. 

Off  Galveston  island 
Lat.    33°    N.,    long. 
75°  W. 
Cape  Fear  river  

Combahee  river,  S. 
Carolina 
Stranded    on    Sulli- 
van's island 
Lat.    23°    N.,    long. 
83°  W. 
Yorktown,  Va  

Coquette         .  .  . 

Celt  

Schooner.... 

Comus  

Cath.  Coombs... 
Cora  

Chaos  

Cotton  Plant.... 

Mar.  31 

Feb.    27 
Mar.  24 

April  27 
April  20 
April  21 
April  19 

Steamer..... 

Schooner.... 

Steamer.... 

Bebel    iron- 
clad 

Schooner.... 
Schooner.  .  . 

Schooner.... 
H.brig  
Schooner  

Near  Brazos  de  St. 
lago. 
Mississippi  river.  .  .  . 
Off  Galveston,  Texas 

« 

« 
Charleston,  8.C.... 

Hampton  roads  

(C 

Dorothy  Haines 
Delaware     Far- 
mer 
Dart  
Delta  
Delizht... 

1861. 
May   11 

May   14 
July     4 
Oct.    27 
Dec.     8 

Mississippi  sound... 

326 


VESSELS    CAPTUBED    AND   DESTROYED 


Class. 

Name. 

When 
cap- 
tured. 

Where  captured. 

By  what  vessel. 

Sloop  

Dudley  or  Pink- 
ney 
Darlington  
Dixie  

1862 

Jan.    10 
Mar.     3 
April  15 
May   13 
May     4 

JUly     _ 

Elatteras 
Naval  expedition 
Keystone  State 
Bohio 
Corwin    and  Curri- 
tuck 

Brazil!  era 
America  and  Flag 
Kensington,  &c 
n 

Kittatinny 
Magnolia 

Admiral  Farragut 
Quaker  City 
Wachusett 
Kittatinny 
Kanawba 
Yazoo  expedition 
Juninta 
Gem  of  the  Sea 
Xansemond 
Stettin 
Owasco,  Virginia. 

Aries 
Midnight 
Cambridge 
Pequot 

Metacomet 

Mah-ask* 
Chocura 

Monadnock  and  oth- 
ers 

Naval  expedition 
Cumberland, 

(C 

Albatross 

H 

Daylight 
Resolute 
Cambridge 
South  Carolina 
« 

Vincennes  and  Miss. 
Savannah 
New  London 
Perry 
Santiago  de  Cuba 

Connecticut 
Bohio 

Steamer  

Georgetown  
Mississippi  sound  .  .  . 
York  river  

Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 

Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 

Deer  Island  
Director  

Defiance  

Sept.     7 
Oct.     13 
Oct.      6 
Oct.    — 
Nov.   26 

Sapello  sound  

David  Crockett. 
Dart  

Charleston  

Coast  of  Texas.  .  .  . 

Steamer.... 
Schooner.... 

Dan  
Diana  

H 

Pass  Cavalo 

Diana  

1863. 
Jan.    19 
Mar.     9 
Mar.  25 
Mar.   12 
May      1 
May   — 
July     2 
Sept.  30 
Oct.     11 
Sept.  23 
Nov.     5 
1864. 
Jan       9 

New  Orleans.  .  .. 

Propeller... 
Steamer.... 

Schooner.... 
Steamer.  .  .  . 
Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 
Steamer.  .  .  . 
Steamer  
Brier. 

Douro  

Lat.  33°,  long.  77°... 
Lat.  19°,  long,  65°  .. 
Galve-ton  

D.  Sargent  
Dart  
Dew  Drop  
Don  Jose  

Mobile  

At  sea  ...." 

Director.  .. 

Duoro  

New  i'  let 

St.  Simon's  sound.  .  . 
Off  Rio  Grande  

Dashing  "Wave. 
Dare  .  .  . 

Steamer 

Schooner.  .  .. 
Steamer.  .  .  . 

Defy  
Dee  
Don  

Feb.      3 
Feb.      6 
Mar.     4 

June    6 

1865. 
Feb."  17 
Jan.    22 

Feb.    18 

Mav"25 
1861 
May     4 
May    14 

Off  Doboy  light,  Ga. 
Near  Masonboro'  .  .  . 
Off  Beaufort,  N.  C... 

Off  Mobile  bay. 

Steamer.  .  .  . 

Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 
Steamer.... 

Steamer.  .  .  . 
Steamer.... 

Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 
Bark 

Donegal,  or  Aus- 
tin. 

Delia  
Delphina  
Deer  

Dolly  
Denbigh  

Elite.  

Emily  Ann  
Elizabeth  Ann.  . 
Enchantress.  .  .  . 
Extra  
Eagle  
Edwin  
Ezilda  
Ewd.  Barnard.. 
Empress  

Near  Bayport,  F!a.  . 
Calcasieu  river  

Charleston,  S.  C  
Roanoke  river,  N.  C. 

Hampton  roads  
Coast  of  Virginia'.'.'/. 

July   22 
Aug.   29 
Aug.   12 

Sept!  '30 
Oct     16 
Nov.   26 
Nov.  SO 
Dec.     9 
Dec.    18 
Dec.     7 
1862. 
Ian.    17 
Feb.     7 

Rappahannock  river 

Beaufort  N  C 

Pass  a  1'Outre  
Northeast  Pass,  Miss 
Ty  bee  light  

Schooner.... 
Sloop  

E.  J.  Waterman 
Express  
Ellen  Jane  
Eugenia  Smith. 

Emma  

Mississippi  sound  .  .  . 
Alexandria,  Va  
Off  Bio  Grande  

Coast  of  Florida.... 
Lat  28°,  long.  91°... 

Sloop  
Sloop.  . 

Schooner..  .  . 
Schooner... 

Eugenia  Smith. 

FOR    VIOLATION   OF   THE   BLOCKADE. 


327 


Class. 

Name. 

When 
cap- 
tured. 

Where  captured. 

By  what  vessel. 

Steamer.  .  .  . 

Elhs.... 

1862 
Feb.    — 
Feb.    14 

Roanoke  island  
Bull's  Bay  

Rowan's  expedition 
Restless 

Sloop  . 

Edisto  

Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Ship 

Eva  Bell. 

MM.  14 

Newbern  

Rowan's  expedition 

Eothen,  

Emily  St.  Pierre 
Eureka  
Ella  War  ley  
Eugenia  

Mar.   16 
Mar.    18 
April  — 
April  25 
May   20 
May   22 
May   29 

June  26 

July     7 
July   23 
July     5 
Aug.  21 
Oct.    11 

Off  the  Mississippi.  . 

Owasco 
Blockadi'g  squadron 
Potomac  flotilla 
Santiago  de  Cuba 
Hunchback          and 
Whitehead 
Whitehead 
Keystone  State  and 
Jas.  Adger 
Mt.  Vernon,  Penob- 
scot.    Mystic,   and 
Victoria 
Restless  and  Flag 
Adirondack 
Ilatteras 
Rienville 
Flag  and  Restless. 
Crocker's  expedition 
Arthur 
Octorara 
Kittatinny 
Mt.     Vernon     and 
Cambridge 
Sagamore 
Anacostia 

Hope 
Uoaiir  de  Lion 
Sagamore 
Conestoga  &  Duch- 
ess. 
Sagamore 
Chocura  and  Mara- 
tanza. 

Roebuck 
Pembina 
R.  R.  Cuyler 
Courier 
Currituck,  &c. 
Sunflower 
Octorara 
Yazoo  expedition 
Cimarron 
Juniata 
Para 
Fort  Henry 
Covington 
Arago,  army  trans- 
port 
Red  River  expeditn' 

Niphon 

Propeller..  . 
Steamer.... 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Steamer  

Schooner... 
Steamer.  .  .  . 

Potomac  river  
Lat.  28°,  long.  97°... 

North  Carolina  

EllaD  
Elizabeth. 

Emily  

Emily  
Emma  

Wilmington  

Bull's  bay  . 

Lat.  27",  long.  75°... 

Schooner... 
Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 
Sloop 

Elizabeth 

Eliza  

ElmiraC'rnelius 
Eliza 

Bull's  bay  

Armed  sch.. 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Schooner.  .  . 
Sloop. 

Elmer  
EiiasReed.  
Emma  

Emma  Tuttle... 

Aug.   12 
Nov.     5 
Sept.  26 

Nov.     3 

Nov.  24 
Dec.    28 
1863. 
Jan.    27 
Feb.     9 
June  28 

Feb.    12 
Mar.     8 
May     4 

May     2 

April  23 
May     6 
May    16 
May    21 
May   31 
May    18 

Coast  of  Texas  
Lat.  26°,  long.  77°... 
Velasco,  Texas  

New  inlet  

Schooner.  .  . 

Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 
Sloop  

Steamer.... 
Sloop.  .  . 

Exchange  

Emm  a  Tuttle... 
Emily  Murray.  . 
Elizabeth  

Evansville  
Enterprise  

Rappahannock  river 

Jupiter  inlet  
Carson's  landing.  .  .  . 

Coast  of  S.  Carolina 

St.    Andrew's    bay, 
Fla  

Schooner... 
Sloop 

Emma  Amelia.. 
ErasBeckwitb... 

Mobile  

Steamer.... 

At'fea  

Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Steamer.... 
Steamer..  .  . 
Sloop  

Emily  
Echo  
Eagle  

Lat.  25°,  long.  83°.. 
Lat.  25%  long.  77°.. 

Evening  Star... 
Elizabeth  

May    29 
June  14 
June  19 
July     3 
July     2 

July  24 
July 

Warsaw  sound,  Ga.. 
Lat.  23°,  long.  83°.. 

Schooner... 
Schooner.  .  . 
Sloop  
Steamer.... 

Steamer.... 

Steamer.... 
Schooner... 

Steamer.... 
Steamer... 

Emma  

Lat.  33°,  long.  76°.. 
Red  river 

Elmira  

Excelsior  

Elizabeth  
Ella  and  Anna. 

July   13 
Oct.     - 
Nov.     9 

Lockwood's  Folly  in- 
let 

328 


VESSELS   CAPTURED   AND   DESTROYED 


Class. 

Name. 

When 
cap- 
tured. 

"Where  captured. 

By  what  vessel. 

Steamer.... 
Steamer.... 

Schooner... 
British  sch.. 
British  sch.. 

Schooner... 
British  sch.. 
Steamer.... 
Schooner... 

Steamer.... 

Steamer  
Schooner... 
Steamer.  .  .  . 

Steamer.  .  .  . 

Schooner... 
Brig  
Steamer  
Steamer.... 

Schooner... 
Brig  

Ella  
Eureka  

Ella  

Edward  

1863 
Nov.  10 
Nov.   22 

Nov.  26 
Dec.   24 

18'64. 
Jan.    16 
Jan.    19 
Feb.    10 
May     3 

June    9 

Sept.    4 
Oct.     19 
Dec.     8 

Dec.     3 

1865. 
Feb.    25 
Feb.    19 
Mar.  20 

Off  Fort  Fisher  
At  Sea,  

Howquah 
Aroostook 

James  Adger 

Fox,  tender  to  San 
Jacinto 
Antona 

Gertrude 
Roebuck 
Florida 
Virginia 
Rosalie,    tender    to 
Gem  of  the  Sea 
Keystone         State, 
Quaker    City 
Mobile 

Cherokee 

F/mTTHl 

Chenango 
Gertrude 

Naval  expedition 

Union 
Mississippi 
Massachusetts 
South  Carolina 
Potomac  flotilla 
R.  R.  Cuyler 

St.  Lawrence 
Quaker  City 
Ethan  Allen 

South  Carolina 

Rowan's  expedition 
>» 
J.  L.  Davis 

Gem  of  the  Sea 
Mercedita  and  Saga- 
more 
Potomac  flotilla 

Pursuit 
Ethan  Allen 
Restless 
Hatteras 
Shepherd  Knapp 
Keystone  State 

Masonboro'  inlet,  N. 

Near  Suwanee  river. 
Coast  of  Texas  

Off  Mobile  .. 

Ellen  
Eliza  
Emily  
Experiment..... 

Jupiter  inlet,  Fia... 
Masonboro'  inlet.  .  .  . 
Coast  of  Texas  

Near  Charlotte  har. 
\t  sea 

Elsie  
Emily  
Emma  Henry.  .  . 

Ella  

Elvira  
Eco  

Emma  No.  2.... 
E°Tpt  Mills  ..  . 

Off  San  Luis  Pass.  .  . 
Lat.  33°N.,  long.  77° 
"W"  

Off  Wilmington,  N. 

Bull  "War  sound  
Off  Galveston,  Tex. 

Eoanoke  river,  N.  C. 

Chesapeake  bay  
Key  "West  

F.  "W.  Johnson.. 
Forest  King.... 
Fanny  
Falcon  

1861. 
June     1 
June  13 
June  23 
July     5 
July  16 
Aug.  26 

Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Ship  .. 

Mississippi  sound..  . 

Eastern  Shore,  Md.. 
Apalachicola  bay.  .  .  . 

Finland  ........ 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Sloop  

Fanny  Lee  
Fairwind.  

Nov.     6 
Aug.   29 
Nov.  29 

St.  Simon's  island.  .. 

Florida  

Dec.   11 

1862. 
Feb.   — 

Tumbalin         light  - 

Steamer.  .  .  . 

Forrest  .  . 

Roanoke  island  

Schooner... 
Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 

Schooner  .  .  . 
Schooner... 
Steamer.  .  .  . 
Schooner.  .  . 

Florida  

Mar.  10 
Mar.  12 
April   2 

April  29 
April  — 
April    6 

Lat.  27°  N.,  long.  84° 

Georgetown,  8.  C... 

Floyd  

F.  J.  Capron... 
Falcon  
Florida  

Potomac  river  
St.  Andrew's  

Schooner... 
Steamer.... 
Bark 

Flash  

May     2 
May     6 
Sept    4 
Aug.  22 
Oct.     23 
Dec.    29 
Dec.    30 

Fannie  Laurie.. 
Fanny  

South  Edisto 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Sloop  
Sloop..., 

St.  Simon's  

Coast  of  Florida.  .  .  . 

Flying  Cloud... 
Flying  Fish  

Magnolia. 

FOE  VIOLATION   OF  THE   BLOCKADE. 


329 


Class. 

Name. 

When 
cap- 
tured. 

Where  captured. 

By  what  vessel. 

Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Sloop  
Sloop  
Schooner... 

Five  Brothers... 

Florida  
Florence  Night- 

1883. 
Mar.  16 
Jan.   11 
Jan.   13 
May   23 
June    2 
June  25 
June    3 
June  13 

Aug.  12 
Oct.      7 
Sept.  12 
Oct.      2 
Oct.  10? 
Oct.    — 
Dec.     1 
1864. 
Jan.    11 
Feb.   10 
Mar.  20 
April  19 
May      3 
May  30 

Aug.     5 

Oct.     - 

Oct.    22 
Nov.  27 

1865. 
Jan.    23 
April  11 

April  — 

"is'e'i." 

April  24 
June    4 
May    12 
June  25 
July     6 
June  25 
June    5 
June  24 
Aug.  29 
Dec.  28 
Dec.   30 

1862. 
Mar.  29 
Mar.  17 
April  19 

April  26 

Lat.  27°  N.,  long.  77° 

w  ....:.... 

Octorara 

Tioga  and  Octorara 

Port  Royal 
Primrose 
Sagamore  and  Two 
Sisters 
Stars  and  Stripes 

Juniata 

Princess  Royal 
Black  Hawk 
Genesee 
Bermuda 
Tennessee 

A.  Hugel 

Honeysuckle 
Florida 
Honeysuckle 
Owasco 
Chocura 
Bermuda 
W.  Gulf  blockading 
squadron 

Wachusett 
Picket  launches 
Princess  Royal 

Fox 
Sea  Bird 

Naval  expedition 

Cumberland 
Quaker  City 
Niagara 
Dawn 
Soulh  Carolina 
Dawn 
Mohawk 

Daylight 
New  London 
Santee 

R.  R.  Cuyler 
Hunchback,  &c. 
Huron 

Gemsbok 

LaV.  25°"N.',  long.  77° 
•W"  

Apalachicola  

Flying  Cloud... 
Frolic  
Florida....  .  .. 

Crystal  river,  Fla... 

St.  Mark's  light.... 
Lat,  23°  N.,  long.  83° 

Schooner... 

Schooner... 
Steamer..  .  . 
Steamer  
Schooner  .  .  . 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 

English  sch. 
Steamer.... 
Sloop  
English  sch. 
Schooner  .  .  . 
Sloop  

Fashion  

Flying  Scud  
Fulton  
Fanny  
Florrie 

Near  Matamoras.  .  .  . 
Red  river  
Near  Pascagoula.  .  .  . 
Near  Mat;igorda  
Off  Rio  Brazos  ... 

Friendship  
Friendship  
F.  U.  Johnson.. 

Fly  

At  sea  

Oil  Alexandria,  Va. 

Jupiter  inlet,  Fla  .  .  . 
Oft  New  inlet  

Fanny  &  Jenny. 
Florida  
Fanny  
Fred,  the  Second 

At  sea  

Off  Velasco  

Off  Brazos  rivor  
Near  Indian  river  .  . 

Mobile  Bay  

Rebel  steam. 

Eehel  arm'd 
steamer  .  . 
Steamer.... 

Schooner... 

Schooner... 
gloop  

Fort  Gaines  

Florida  
Flora  
Flash  

Fannie  McRae.  . 
Florida  

Bahia,  Brazil  

Off  Charleston,  8.  C. 
Lat,  23"  N.,  long.  97° 
"W  .. 

Off  St.  Mark's,  Fla.. 
Crystal  river,  Fla.  . 

Richmond,  Va  
Roanoke  river,  N.C. 

Hampton  roads  

Rebel 
Iron-clad. 
Steamer  

Schooner  .  .  . 
Bark  

Fredericksburg  . 
Fisher  

George  M.  Smith 
General  Green.. 
General  Parkhill 
General  Knox.. 
George  G.  Baker 

Ship  

Schooner  .  .  . 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner  .  .  . 
Steamer.... 
Schooner  .  .  . 
Schooner... 
Schooner  .  .  . 

Schooner... 
Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 

George  B.  Slcat. 
Gipsey.  
Good  E°*g  .  . 

St.  Mark's.  Fla  

Rappahannock  river 
Pascagoula  

Grace  E.  Baker. 
G.  H.  Smoot.... 
Guide  

Gondar  
Glenn... 

Coast  of  Cuba  
Potecay  creek,  N.  C. 

Capture     of     Fort 

Bark... 

330 


VESSELS   CAPTURED   AND  DESTROYED 


Class. 

Name. 

When 
cap- 
tured. 

Where  captured. 

By  what  vessel. 

Schooner... 

Steamer.... 
Steamer  
Steamer.... 
Steamer.... 
Steamer  

Sloop  

Gen.  C.  C.  Pink- 

1862 
May     6 
May   12 
June    6 

At  sea  

Ottawa 

Hatteras 
Western  flotilla 
» 
»» 

H 

Fort  Henry 

Teazer 
T.  A.  Ward 
Joint  expedition 

Ariel 

Admiral  Farragut'a 
fleet 

Gov.A.  Moulton 
General  "Lovell. 
Gen.  Beauregard 

Berwick's  bay 

" 

General  Bragg.. 
G.   L.  Brocken- 

Oct.    15 

Nov.     6 
Nov.  16 

Apalachicola  river.  . 
Chesapeake  bay.  .... 

St.  John's  river  
Cape  Florida  .  . 

Sloop  
Sloop  
Steamer.... 

Sloop  

Grapeshot  
G.  W.  Green  
Gov  Morton.  .  . 

Goodluck  .       . 

1863. 
Jan.     6 

Schooner... 
Schooner.  .  . 

Bark 

Galena 

George  "W.  Grice  Jan.  11 
George  Alban.  .  .  Jan.  — 

Steamer  
Schooner... 

Schooner.  .  . 

Schooner.... 

Steamer.... 
Steamer  
Steamer  

Georgia,  
General  Taylor. 

Glide  

Granite  City... 

Jan.  11 

Feb.   20 

Teb.   23 

'Mar.  22 
!Mar.  19 
iApril  16 
Mar.  20 
'April  27 
April  24 

'May  24 

June  — 
July  29 
Aug.- 
'Aug.  23 
Dec.    12 

Chesapeake  bay.... 
Tybee  creek.  .  .  . 

Crusader    and   Ma- 
haska 
Marblehead         and 
Passaic 
Tioga 
Wissahickon 
Vanderbilt 
Ethan  Allen 
Monticello 
De  Soto 
Yazoo  Pass  expedi- 
tion 

Cambria 
Gem  of  the  Sea 
Sunflower 
Jacob  Bell 

Kennebeo 

Beauregard 
Daffodil  and  others 
Fox,  tender  to  San 
Jacinto 
Connecticut 
Ariel,  tender  to  San 
Jacinto 

Mara  tanza 
Niagara 
Pembina 

Quaker  City 
Isonomia 

Perry 

Gertrude  
Gipsey  

St.  Joseph's  bay  
Morrell's  inlet,  S.  C. 
Gulf  of  Mexico  

Schooner.... 
Schooner..  .  . 

Steamer  

Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 
Steamer  
Steamer.  .  .  . 

Golden  Liner... 
General  Prim.  .  . 

Golden  Age  

Glen  

Georgo  
General  Worth 
Gold  Leaf.  ... 

Lat.  35°N.,  long.  73° 
W  

Caloosehatch.ee  river 
Lat  24°N.,  long.  82° 
W  ...   .  .   ..     ... 

General  Beaure- 
gard 

Off  Wilmington  
Off  Mobile  

Grey  Jacket  Dec.    31 
1864. 
G.  Garibaldi....  Feb.     4 
Gen.  Sumter...  Mar.  12 

Good  Hope  April  18 
Greyhound  May   10 
Gen.  Finnegan.'May   28 
G^orgiana    Mc-June    2 

Steamer.... 
Schooner.  .  . 
Steamer.  .  .  . 
Sloop 

At  sea  

At  sea  

Chashcowitzka  river 

Off  Wilm.,  N.  Car. 

Coast  of  Portugal.. 
Off  Brazos,  St.  lago, 

Steamer.... 
Steamer.... 
Brig  

Aug.  15 
Dec.     4 

Geziona     Hilli- 

Schooner.... 
Bark  

1    1865. 
Gen.  Burkhart.  Mar.   17 

Geo  .  Douth  waite  Mav     8 
|    1861. 
H.  M.  Johnson.  May   31 

Lat.  26°N.,  long.  96° 

•vv  

Coast  of  Florida.  .  .  . 
Near  Cape  Lookout. 

Schooner.... 

FOE   VIOLATION   OF  THE  BLOCKADE. 


331 


Class. 

Name. 

When 
cap- 
tured. 

Where  captured. 

By  what  vessel. 

Haxall  

1861 

Hampton  roads  
Mouth  Miss,  river.. 

Minnesota 

Brooklyn 
Union 

St.  Lawrence 
Thomas  Freeborn 
Wabash 
Vandalia 
Naval  expedition 

M 

Pawnee 
Omsbok 
Resolute 
New  London  and  R. 
It.  Cuyler 
Jamestown 
Louisiana 

Rowan's  expedition 
Bohio 

Isilda 
Arthur 
Connecticut 

Currituck 
Commodore  Morris 
Ottowa 

Somerset,  &c. 
Naval  expedition 
Estrella 

Octorara 

Juniata 

Kanawha,  &c. 
Ossipee 
Satellite 
Florida 

Tahoma 

Vincennes  &  Clifton 
S.  Atlantic  blockad'g 
squadron 
Tioga 
Niphon  and  others 
Calypso 
Sunflower 

Beauregard 

Virginia. 
Daffodil  and  others 
Para 
Liidona 
Eolus 

Bark  
Schooner.... 
Brig 

Hiawatha  
H.  E.  Spearing. 
Ilallie  Jackson. 
Herbert  

May   20 
May    29 
June  10 

Schooner..  .  . 

Herald. 

July   16 

Augi'21 
Sept.    9 
n 

April  21 
Sept.  18 

Nov.   22 

Dec.   15 
Nov.  13 
1862. 
May    14 

Mar.     8 

June    5 
Aug.  12 
Oct.    30 
1863. 
.Ian.    13 
Jan.    22 
Jan.    21 

Coast  N.  Car  
Potomac  river  

Sloop  
Brigantine.  . 
Schooner..  .  . 
Schooner.... 
Schooner.  .. 
Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner..  .  . 
Schooner.  .  .  . 

Steamer.... 

Schooner.... 
Boat  

H.  Day  

Hannah  Balch.. 
H.*Iiddleton... 
H.  C.  Brooks... 
Henry  Nutt  
Harriet  P.Ryan 
Harmony  
Harford  

Henry  Lewis... 

Havelock  
Henrietta  

Harriet  &  Sarah 
Henry  Travers. 
Havana  

Charleston  

Hatteras  .       """11 

Pope's  creek,  ,Md... 
Mississippi  sound.  .  . 

Chincotea°'ue  

Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 

Steamer.... 
Armed  sloop 
Schooner.... 

Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 

Newbern,  N.  Car. 
Lat.  28°N.,  long.  91° 
W 

Dead  Man's  bay.... 

Hatopton  
Harriet  

Dividing  creek,  Va. 
Chuckatuck  creek.. 

Hettiwan  

Sloop  
Bloop  
Eebel  armed 
steamer.  .  . 

Schooner  ... 

Schooner.  .. 

Schooner..  . 
Schooner..  .  . 
Bloop 

Hortense  

Feb.    18 
Mar.  24 
April 

Lat.  29"N.,  long.  84° 
"W 

Helen  
Hart  ...  .  . 

Handy  
Harvest  

April  22 

April  30 

May   17 
June  30 
June  22 
June  21 

June  18 
July  18 
June  10 

Sept.  - 
Aug.   18 
Oct.    23 
Dec.   24 
1864. 
Feb.     4 
Mar.   11 
Feb.    20 
Mar.  14 
Mar.  — 
July    10 
Oct.    22 

Lat.  26°N.,  long.  76* 
W 

Lat.  28°N.,  long.  75° 
W 

Hunter  
Helena  
Henry  Wolcott. 
Hattie  . 

Mobile   

Schooner.... 
Schooner... 
Bark  

Coast  of  N.  Car  
Lat.  28°N.,  long.  82" 

Harriet  

H.  McGuin  
Havelock  (?)  

Herald  
Hebe  

Bay  St.  Louis  

Steamer  
Steamer  

Charleston  ..   . 

At  sea  

Off  New  inlet,  N.  C. 
Off  Fryingpan  shoals 

Schooner.  . 
Sloop  

Herald  

Hancock  

Sloop  
Bloop 

Hope  

Oft'  Mosquito  inlet.. 
San  Luis  Pass  
Near  St.  John's  Fla. 
St.  Mary's  river.  .  .  . 

Schooner.... 
Steamer  
Steamer  
Bloop  
Steamer.... 

Henry  Colthurst 
Hattie  
Hard  Times  
Hope  
Hope  

Off  Wilmington  

332 


VESSELS   CAPTDEED    AND  DESTEOYED 


Class. 

Name. 

When 
cap- 
tured. 

Where  captured. 

By  what  vessel. 

Rebel  st'r... 
Gunboat  un- 
finished .  . 

Schooner.... 

1864 

Richmond,  Va  
Roanoke  river,  N.  C. 

Hampton  roads  

Naval  expedition 
Minnesota 

Halifex  

Industry  
Iris.....  

1861. 
May    15 
May   27 

Schooner.... 

Schooner..  .  . 
Brie. 

Island  Belle.... 

Isabel  or  W.  R. 
King  . 

Dec.    31 
1862. 

Feb.     1 
May     1 
July   12 

1863. 
Mar.     4 
April  18 
May  18 
June  19 

May   22 
1864. 
April  10 
May   28 

July    4 
July     8 
1861. 
May   15 
July     5 
Aug.    2 

Oct.""l 
Sept.  13 
Dec.    26 

Dec.    14 
1862. 
Jan.   20 
Jan.    24 
Feb.    24 

Jan.    25 
Mar.  27 

Mar.  25 
May  11 
May     3 

June    6 
Mar.  14 
April    8 

April  10 

Mar.  28 
July   28 

Bull's  Island  light.. 

Atchafalaya  bay.  .  .  . 

New  inlet,  N.  Car.  .  . 
Lat.  26°N.,  long.  76° 

w  

Augusta 

Montgomery 
Jamestown 
Mercedita 

J.  S.  Chambers 
Gem  of  the  Sea 
R.  R.  Cuyler 
United  States 

Fort  Henry 

Yicksburg 
Admiral 

Fleet  off  Mobile 
Sonoma 

Minnesota 
Daylight,  &c. 
Thomas  Freeborn 
Cambridge 
South  Carolina 
Boat  expedition  from 
Colorado 
Morning  Light 
State  of  Georgia 

R  R.  Cuyler 
Mercedita,  &0. 

Harriet  Lane 
Arthur 
Restless 

Cayuga. 
Kittatinny 

R.  R.  Cuyler. 

Western  flotilla 
Vessels  in  sounds  of 
North  Carolina 
Commodore    Perry, 
&c. 
« 

Shawsheen,  &c. 
Hatteras 
Katahdin 
Restless 
Cambridge 

Intended.  
Ida  

Ida  
Inez  
Isabel  
Isabella  Thomp- 
son 
Isabella  

Schooner.... 

Schooner.... 
Schconer.... 
Schooner... 
Brig  

Charlotte  harb'r  Fla. 
[ndian  River  inlet.. 
Mobile  ..  . 

Lat.    41°     N..    long. 
67°  W  

Sloop  

English  sch. 
Steamer.  .  .  . 

Steamer.  .  .  . 
Steamer.... 

Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 
Bark.. 

Wacassassa  bay  
At  sea  

Isabel  

OS  Galveston..  . 

Off  Mobile  

Ida  

J.  H.  Etheridge. 
John  Hamilton. 
Jane  Wright... 
Julia  
Joseph  H.  Toone 
Judith  
Jorgen  liorent- 
zen  
Jane  Campbell.. 

J.W.  Wilder... 
Julia  

Joanna  "Ward... 

J.  J.  McNeil.... 
Julia  "Worden.. 

Jesse  J.  Cox.  .  .  . 
Julia  
Jane  

Jeff.  Thompson. 
Jeff.  Davis  
John  

J.  J.  Crittenden 

James  Norcon.. 
Josephine  

Sapelo  sound  ....'. 

Hampton  roads  .  . 

Potomac  river...     . 
Beaufort,  N.  Car     . 
Barrataria  bay.  .     . 
Pensacola  navy  vard 
I*tt    6°    IS'.,     Long 
370  w  

Schooner... 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Schooner... 
Schooner.  .  . 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner.  .  . 

Steamer.... 

Beaufort,  N.  Car... 
Mobile  bar 

Lat.    30°    N.    long. 
80°  W  

Corpus  Christi.  .  .  . 

Cape  Roman  pas- 

Mobile  

Lat.    26°    N.,  long. 
83°  W  

Memphis  

Newborn  

Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 

Schooner... 
Brig  
Schooner... 
Sloop....... 
Schooner... 

Pasquotank     river, 
N.  Carolina  
Newtogan  creek,  N. 
Carolira 

Little  River,  N.  C.  .  . 
Ship  Island,  Miss... 
Mississippi  sound.  .  . 

John  Thompson 
J.  C.  Ilozer  

Sept.    2 
Dec.     3 

FOR    VIOLATION   OF   THE   BLOCKADE. 


333 


Class. 

Name. 

When 
cap- 
tured. 

Where  captured. 

By  what  vessel. 

Sloop  
Sloop  

Julia  

John  C.  Calhoun 
J.  C.  McCabe... 
John  Williams.. 

J.D  Clark  
Joe  Flanner.  *  .  . 

1863. 
Jan.     8 
Jan.    22 
Jan.   18 
Mar.  19 

April  8 
April  24 
May  4 
April  24 
April  23 

May  24 
June  16 

July  17 
Aug.  10 
Sept.  22 

Oct.  6 

Sept.  13 
Oct 

Sagamore 
Commodore  Morris 
Zouave 

Octorara 

Elartford 
Pembina 

^huckatuck  creek  .  . 
James  river  
Lat.    26°    N.,    long. 
76°  W  

Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Steamer.... 
Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 
Sloop  
Sloop  . 

Mobile  

'' 
Gulf  of  Mexico..!!! 
Lat.   28"    N.,    long. 

Kanawha 
De  Soto 
Tioga 

Yazoo  Pass  expedi- 
tion 
Circassian 

Tioga 

De  Soto,  &c. 
Cayuga 

Connecticut 
Virginia 

Cimarron    &    Nau- 
tucket 
Tennessee 
Virginia 

Kennebec  and  oth- 
ers 
Penobscot 
Sunflower 
Virginia 
Estrella 
Conemaugh 
Proteus 
Nipsic 
Penobscot 
Augusta  Dinsmore 
Adolph  Hugel 

Fort  Morgan 

Cbocura 
Acacia 

Seminole 
Matthew  Vassar 

Mount  Vernon 
Roebuck 

Potomac  flotilla 
Brooklyn 
Pursuit 
James  Adger,  &c. 

JaneAdelie.... 
Justlna  

John  "Walsh  
John  Wesley... 

Julia  

James  Battle... 
J.  T.  Davis  
Juno  

Jenny  

Jupiter  

lane  
Jenny  

John  Scott 

Steamer.... 
Sloop 

Lat.    28°    N.,  long. 
83°  W 

Schooner... 

Steamer  
Schooner... 
Steamer.  .  .  . 

Schooner... 

Schooner... 

Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 

Steamer  

Schooner... 
Sloop  
Mexican  sch 
Schooner... 
Schooner.  .  . 
Steamer.... 
Sloop 

Lat.    25°    N.,    long. 
76°  W 

Ri  o  Grande  

Off  Wilmington,  N. 
Car        

Off  Rio  Grande  
j^t  gga        

Off  Rio  Brazos 

Oct.      6 
1861 
Jan.     7 

Feb.  29 
Mar  .  24 
April  11 
April    6 
April  30 
June  27 
« 

July  12 
Sept.  11 
Oct.  28 
Nov.  5 

Dec.     5 
Dec.    23 
1865. 
Jan.    14 

Feb.  8 

1862. 
April   2 
Dec.    27 
1863. 
Feb.    25 
May   28 
June  23 
Aug.     1 

Off  Mobile 

John  Douglass.. 
Josephine.  .  .... 
Juanita  

OffVelasco,  Texas.. 
Saversota  sound.... 
Off  San  Luis  Pass... 
Matagorda  bay  
Off  Mobile  bar. 

Julia  A.  Hodges 
Judson  

Julia  

Off  Sapelo  sound.  .  .  . 
Off  Galveston  

Schooner... 
Schooner.  .  . 
Sloop  

James  Williams 
John  

James  Sandy... 
John  A.  Hazard 

Julia  

Off  Velasco  

Off  Alexandria,  Va. 
Lat.    26°    N.,  long. 
96°  W  

Schooner... 

Near  Velasco,  Texas 
Alligator  creek,  S.  C. 

Off  Brazos,  St.  lago, 
Texas        

Steamer.... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Schooner.  .  . 
Sloop  
Sloop  
Steamer.... 

Julia  
Josephine  

John  Hale  

Kate  
Kate  

Kate  
Kate  
Kate  
Kate  

Coast  of  Florida.... 

St.  Mark's  river.... 

Point  Isabel  light*.  .  . 

i  New  Inlet,  N.  C.... 

334 


VESSELS   CAPTURED   AND    DESTROYED 


Class. 

Name. 

When 
cap- 
tured. 

"Where  captured. 

By  what  vessel. 

Steamer.... 
Steamer.... 

Sloop  

1863 
July  14 

R.  R.  Cuyler 
Mississippi      squad- 
ron. 
Tahoma  and  Adela 

Cumberland 
Quaker  City- 
South  Carolina 
Thomas  Freeborn 
Penguin 
Cambridge 
Seminole 

Itaeca 
Portsmouth 

KaskasMa  

Kate  Dale  

Oct.     16 
1861. 
May     4 
May   30 
July     4 
July  25 
Aug.   11 
Sept.    9 
Dec.      1 
1862. 
Jan.   19 

Tampa  bay. 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner.  .  . 
Sloop  
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner.  .  . 

Schooner... 
Propeller.  .  . 

Schooner... 
Schooner.  .  . 

Laurie  
Lynchburg  
Louisa  
Leon  
Louisa  
Louisa  Agnes.  .  . 
Lida  

Lizzie  Weston  .  . 

Hampton  roads.  .  . 
Chesapeake  bay.. 
Galveston  

Potomac  river.... 
Cape  Fear  river  .  . 
Beaufort,  N.  Car.. 
Off  St.  Simonds... 

Feb.     1 

Boca  Chica 

Lynnhaven  
Lion  

Feb.     0 

Feb.     5 

Mar.    4 
Mar.     9 
April  — 
April    4 
April  10 

Elizabeth  City,  N.C. 
Lat.  26°  N.,  long.  93° 

Delaware 

Kingfisher 

Rowan's  expedition 
Restless 
Potomac  flotilla 
Pursuit. 
Keystone  State 

Colorado 

Santiago  de  Cuba 
Delaware 
Bienville 
Western  flotilla 
Albatros 
Beauregard 

Quaker  City 
Bohio 

Penobscot 

Unadilla 
Greneral  Putnam 
Bienville  arid  Pern- 
bina 

Ino 

Santiago  de  Cuba 

W.  G.  Anderson 
Mount  Vernon 

Admiral  Farragut'a 
fleet. 
Mahaska,  &c. 
Bienville 

McClellan 
Currituck,  &c 
Union 
Naval  boat  exp'n 
Santiago  de  Cuba 

Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Lizzie  Taylor... 
Lydia  and  Mary. 

Newbern.      ..  . 

I!ape  Roin  an  passage 

Schooner  .  .  . 
Steamer.... 

Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Steamer.  .  .  . 
Schooner... 

Schooner... 

Brig  
Sloop  .  ... 

Lewis  White- 

May     6 

May  27 
Mar.   28 
May   29 
Tune    6 
June  19 

June  20 

Tuly     3 
June  21 

Aug.     2 

Aug.    4 
Mar.  21 

Aug.  23 

Aug.  27 

Aug.  31 
Nov.  30 
1863. 

Jan.   19 

Jan.     8 
Mar.  15 

April  27 
May   14 
May   21 
June  — 
July  15 

Lucy  C.  Holmes. 
Lion  

LaCriolla. 

At  sea  

Pantago  creek,N.  C. 

Little  Rebel.... 

Lucy  

Lilla  
L.  Rebecca  

Lizzie  

Lat  29°  N.,  long.  83° 
"W"  

Hole  in  the  Wall.... 

Sloop  

Steamer.  .  .  . 
Schooner.  .  . 

Schooner.  .  . 
Bark  

Coast  of  North  Caro- 
lina 

Ossabaw  sound  
Powell's  Point 

Lonely  Bell  • 

Charleston  

La  Manche  

Lat.  38°  N.,  long.  69° 

Schooner... 

Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 

Steamer.  .  .  . 

Steamer.  .  .  . 
Schooner... 

Sloop  

Lat.  27°  N.,  long.  76° 

Lilly  
Levi  Howe  

New  inlet  

New  Orleans,  La.... 
White  House          •  . 

Little  Magruder. 
Lightning  

Laura  Dudley.. 
Ladies'  Delight. 

Lat.  '2*7'°'  N.*,  long.  86° 

Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner.  .  . 
Steamer.... 
Steamer.  .  .  . 

Urbana    Va  

Lat.  26°  N.,  long.84° 

Lady  "Walton... 
Lizzie  

White  river  

Lat.  27°  N.,  long.75° 
W... 

FOK   VIOLATION   OF   THE   BLOCKADE. 


335 


Clasa 

Name. 

When 
cap- 
tured. 

Where  captjja-ed. 

By  what  vessel  . 

Schooner.  .  . 
Ste.-imer.... 
Sloop  

Lady  Maria  
Louisville  
Last  Trial  

1863 
July     6 

Oct.    — 

Bay  Port  Fla 

De  Soto  and  others 
Red  river  expedit'n 
Beaurcgard 

San  Jacinto 
De  Soto 
Stars  and  Stripes 

Beauregard 
Queen 

Beauregard  and  Nor- 
folk packet 
Penobscot 
Roebuck 
Owasco 

Red  River 

Steamer  

Steamer.  .  .  . 
Steamer.  .  .  . 
Boat  
Schooner.  .  . 

Schooner.  .  . 

Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 
English  soli. 

Sloop 

Lizzie  Davis.... 

Leviathan  
Laura  
Lydia  
Louisa  

Sept.  16 

Sept.  22 
1864. 
Jan.    18 

Feb.     4 
Feb.   11 

Mar.  11 

Feb.    28 
Mar.     1 
April  17 
April  21 
June  30 
July     9 

Aug.  24 
Sept  25 
Nov.     2 

Oct.    15 
Oct.     12 

Oct.    31 

Oct.    12 

Oct.    21 
Nov.     9 

Nov.     6 
Nov.  24 

Lat.  25°  58'  N.,  long. 
85°  11'  W  

Off  Southwest  Pass  .  . 
Ockockney  river.  .  .  . 

Off    Brazos      River 

Linda  
Lilly  
Lauretta  

Off  Mosquito  inlet.. 

Off  Velasco,  Texas.. 
Off  Indian  River  
Off  Velasco  

Lilly  

Laura  
Last  Resort  
Little  Ada  

Lilian  
Lynx  
Lucy  

Roebuck 
Gettysburg 
Keystone  State  and 
others 
Niphon  and  others 

Santiago  de  Cuba 

Mobile 
Chocura 
Calypso,  Eolus,  Fort 
Jackson 

Chocura 

Sea  Bird 
Stepping  Stones 

Fort  Morgan 
Chocura 
i> 
» 

Vfetacomet 
Penobscot 
Cornubia 

Cumberland 
Minnesota 

Powhatan 
South  Carolina 
Roanoke 
Daylight 
Freeborn 
Wabash 
Brooklyn  &  StLouia 
Pawnee 
Gemsbok 

Dale 

Steamer  
Steamer  
Steamer  
Steamer  

Schooner  .  .  . 
Schooner..  .  . 

Steamer.... 

Schooner.... 

Schooner..  .  . 
Sloop  ..... 

At  sea 

Off  New  inlet,  N.  C. 
Lat.  32°  40'  N.,  long. 
77°  48'  W  

Off  San  Luis  Pass.  .  . 
Near  Aransas  Pass. 

Off  Wilmington.... 
Off    Aransas    Pass, 

Lady  Sterling... 

Lucy  

Little  Elmere.  .  . 

Lone  

OffBayport,  Fla  
Mobjack  bay.  Va... 
Lat.  28°  N,  long.  95° 
W  

Schooner..  .  . 

Bar  of  St.  Bernard.. 
Near  Velasco,  Texas 
Off  Velasco,  Texas.  . 

Off  Galveston,  Texas 
Arkansas  Pass,  Texas 
Galveston,  Texas  .. 
Charleston,  S.  C.  .. 

Hampton  Roads.  .. 
»>             ... 

Mouth  of  Mississippi 

Schooner  — 
Schooner.... 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Steamer.... 

Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 
Schooner.-.  . 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Longboat.  .  . 
Schooner... 
Bark  
Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Schooner.  .  . 

Lowood  
Lady  Hurley... 

Lilly  

Dec.     4 
Dec.      6 
1865. 
Jan.     6 
Feb.   18 
May   25 

Lecompte  
Lady  Davis 

Mary  &  Virginia 
Mary  Willis.... 
Mary  
Mary  Clinton... 
McCanfield  
Mary  
Monticello  
Morning  Star  . 

1861. 
May     4 
May   14 
May    15 
May   30 
July     4 
July    13 
July  26 

North   Carolina  .... 
Rappahannock  river 
Potomac  river  

Mouth  of  Mississippi 
Hatteras  inlet  

Mary  Alice  
Macao  

Mary  Wood.... 
Mary  E.  Pindar 

Mabel  

Aug.     3 
Sept.     5 
Sept.     9 
Sept.  22 

Nov.  15 

Lat.  31°N,  long.  80° 
W  

336 


VESSELS   CAPTURED    AND    DESTROYED 


Class. 

Name. 

When 
cap- 
tured. 

Where  captured. 

By  what  vessel. 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Sloop  

Major  Barhour.  . 
Mars  

Mary  Lewis.... 
Margaret,  alias 
"Win.  Henry.  . 

1862. 
Jan.  28 
Feb.      5 
Jan.    25 

Feb.     C 

Feb.   19 
April    2 
April  - 

April  26 
April  30 

Racoon  Point,  La.  .  . 
Fernandina  

DeSoto 
Keystone  State 
Kingfisher  &  others 

Sciota 

Brooklyn  and  others 
Mercedita,  &c. 
Potomac  river 

Santiago  de  Cuba 

Dupont's  expedition 
Unadilla. 
Hatteras 
Anacoetia 
Gem  of  the  Sea 
Bienville 
Cambridge,  Stars  & 
Stripes 
Magnolia 
Freeborn 
Stars  &  Stripes,  &c. 
Arthur 
Kensington,  &c. 
Arthur 
Kensington,  &c. 

Essex 

T.  A.  Ward 
Octorara 

Admiral    Farragut's 
fleet 

Commodore  Morris. 
Quaker  City 
Henry  Janes,  «kc. 
Tahoma,  &c. 

Queen  of  the  West 
Potomac  flotilla 
Victoria 

Onward 
State  of  Georgia,  &c. 
Huntsville. 

Annie 

Gem  of  the  Sea 
Ladona 
Powhatan 
Western  World,  &0. 
Currituck,  &c. 

Courier 
Sophronia 
Primrose,  &c. 
Do  Soto 

Mantle  river,  Fla... 

Sloop 

Steamer.... 
Pilot  boat.. 
Schooner... 

Schooner... 

Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Sloop 

Pass  a  1'Outre 

Mary  Olivia.... 
Monterey  

Apalachicola  

Potomac  river  

Mersey  

Lat.  31°  N.,  long.  79* 

Maria  
Magnet 

Mary  Teresa  
Magnolia  

May   16 
May     1 
June  — 
June    3 
June  27 

" 
July  81 
Aug.     1 
Aug.  24 
July  10 

Charleston  •  .  .  .  . 

Piankatank  river... 

Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 

Steamer.... 

Steamer.... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner.  .  . 
Sloop 

Mary  Stewart... 
Morning  Star.  .  . 

Modern  Greece.  . 

Memphis  
Mail.  

Mary  Elizabeth. 
Monte  Christo.. 

Frying  Pan  shoals.  . 
Near  Fort  Fisher... 
At  sea  

Coast  of  Texas  

Feb 

Coaat  of  Texas  
Sabine  Pass  

Schooner... 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Ship  .  .  . 

Maria  

Mary  Grey  
Mont  Blanc.  

Metropolis.  

Nov.  12 
Dec.     3 

Dec.    19 
Dec.    25 

1863. 
Jan.    19 

~Nevr  Orleans,  La.  .  .  . 
« 

Sloop  

Music  

Jan.    22 
Jan.     4 

Chuckatuck  creek.  .  . 

Schooner..  .  . 
Schooner.... 

Steamer.... 
Schooner... 

Matilda 

Margaret  

Feb.      1 

Feb.     8 
Feb.    23 
Feb.    18 

Jan.    28 
Mar.  24 
April    6 

April  13 

April    8 
April  20 
April  19 
April  24 
May  13- 
14. 
May   17 
May   19 
Juno    1 
May   19 

Lat.  27°  N.,  long.  83° 
W 

Moro  
MaiL  

Minna 

Mississippi  river.... 

Shallot  inlet  

Brig  

Magicienne  
Mary  Jane  
Minnie  

Lat.  22'  K,  long.  28' 
W 

Schooner..  . 
Schooner.  .  . 

Schooner... 

Schooner.  .  . 
Brig 

Wilmington.  
Lat.  26*  N.,  long.  82° 
W 

Mattie  
Maggie  Fulton  . 

Lat.  23°  N.,  long  83° 

Indian  river  inlet.  .  . 
Bull's  bay  

Schooner... 
Schooner.... 

Schooner.... 
Schooner..  .  . 

Schooner.... 

Major  E.  Willis 
Martha  Ann.  ... 

Maria  Bishop... 
Mignionette.... 

Mississippian  •  •  • 

Charleston  

Chesapeake  bay  
Urbana,  Va 

Lawson'sbay,  Va... 
Gulf  of  Mexico  

FOE   VIOLATION    OF   THE   BLOCKADE. 


337 


Class. 

Name. 

When 
cap- 
tured. 

Where  captured. 

By  what  vessel. 

Steamer  
Steamer..   . 
Schooner..   . 
Schooner  .   . 
Steamer.  .   . 
Steamer..   . 
Sloop         . 

Mobile..  

3863 

Yazoo  City 

Yazoo  Pass  exped'n 

Tahoru'a 
Itasca 
Iroquois 
Yankee 
Adolph  Hugel 
De  Soto 

W.  G.  Anderson 
Cosur  de  Lion,  &c. 
Honduras  &  others 
Anne,  tender  to  Fort 
Henry 
Keystone  State  and 
others 
Owasco  and  Virginia 
Kennt'bec 
Two   Sisters,  tender 
to  San  Jacinto 
Ariel,  tender  to  San 
Jacinto 
Antona 

Circassian 
Bermuda 

Union 
B(  auregard 
Roebuck 

Grand  Golf 

Aroostook 

Scioto  ' 
Nyanza 
Rachel  Seaman 

Connecticut 
Honeysuckle 
Valley  City 

Kanawha  and  others 
Magnolia 

S.    Atlantic    Block. 
Squadron 
J.  P.    Jackson  and 
Stockdale 
Mackinaw 

Itasca 
Pocahontaa 

Kanawha 

Mary  Jane  

June  18 

July   24 
July     2 
Sept.  17 
Sept.  13 

Aug.  25 

Clearwater  harbor.. 
Brazos  Santiago  
Ne  w  inlet,  N.  C.... 
Baltimore,  Md  
Potomac  river  
Lat.  28°  32'  N..  long. 
89°12'W  ...   . 

Merrimack   .... 

Massachusetts  .  . 
Music 

Steamer  

Schooner..  .  . 
Schooner   .  . 

Montgomery.  .  .  . 

Mack  Canfield.  . 
May... 

British  stmr 
British  stmr 

Steamer  

Schooner.  .  .  . 
Schooner  
Schooner.... 

Sloop  

Mail  . 

Oct.     15 
Oct.     20 

Nov.     5 

Nov.     4 
Dec.      9 
Nov.  27 

Dec.    16 
Nov.   26 
Dec.     9 

Nov.  14 
1864. 
Jan.    13 
Jan.    15 
Jan.    10 
Jan.    19 
Mar.     6 
Mar.   11 

Mar.   12 
April    4 
April  13 
» 

May     9 
April-  29 
May     5 

July     8 
Sept.  10 

Oct.    29 
Dec.     8 
Dec.     3 

Dec.     8 
Dec.    19 
1865. 
Jan.      3 

Martha  Jane.... 
Margaret       and 

Near  Cedar  Keys.  .  .  . 
Off  Wilmington  

Off  Rio  Grande  
Off  Mobile  

Matamoras  
Marshal  J.  Smith 
Maria  Alberta.. 

Magnolia  

Bay  port,  Florida  

Lat.  26°  15'  N.,  long. 
82°  W.       . 

Schooner... 
Steamer.... 
Schooner... 

Steamer.... 
Schooner... 
Sloop  
Sloop  
Schooner.  .  . 
British  sch.. 

Schooner... 
Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner. 
British  sch.. 

Eng.steamer 
English  sch. 
Schooner.  .  . 

Steamer.... 
Steamer  

Schooner.... 
Schooner..  .  . 
Schooner.... 
Sloop  

Lat.  26°  22'  N.,  long. 
97°  W 

Minna  

Lat  23°  48'  N.,  long. 
78°  3'  W 

Mary  Campbell. 
Mayflower  ... 

Near  Pensacola  
Sarasope  Pass,  Fla.. 

Minnie...   . 

Maria  Louise... 
Mary  

Off  Wilmington  
Lat.  28°  50'  N.,  long. 
95°  5'  "W 

M.  P.  Burton... 

Gulf  of  Mexico  
Off  Galvesto  i 

Mary  Sorley.... 
Maudoline  
Maria  Alfred... 

Atchafalaya  bay.  .  .  . 
Lat.  28"  50'  N.,  long. 
95°  5'  W  
Lat.  34°  N.,  long.  75° 
28'  W 

Miriam  

Lat.  25°  25'  N.,  long. 
84°  30'  W 

M.  O'Neill  

Off  Washington,  N. 
Carolina. 
Off  coast  of  Texas.. 
Lat.  22°  50'  N.,  long. 
85°  47'  W. 
Off  Charleston,  S.  C. 

Pascagoular  bar..... 

Lat.  32°  N.,  long.  78° 
W. 
Off  Pass  Cabello,  Tex 
Gulf  of  Mexico..... 

Off  Velasco,  Texas.. 

Matagorda  
Matagorda  

Mary  Bowers.  .  . 
Medera  

Mary  

Mary  Ann  
Morris 

Schooner  — 
Schooner.... 

Mary  Ellen  

338 


VESSELS   CAPTURED    AND   DESTROYED 


Class. 

Name. 

When 
cap- 
tured. 

Where  captured. 

By  what  vessel. 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 

Schooner.  .  . 
Steamer.  .  .  . 
Steamer.... 
Iron-clad 
(rebel) 
Steamer.  .  .  . 

Ship    . 

Matilda.  

1865 
Feb.    11 
Feb.    18 

Feb.   11 
Mar.     3 
Mar.  16 

Off  Pass  Cabello,  Tex 
Aransas  Pass,  Texas 

Near   Pass   Cabello, 
Texas. 
Bayou     Vermillion, 
Louisiana. 
Indian  river,  Fla... 

Penobscot 
i> 

H 

Glide 
Pursuit 

Minnesota 
Brooklyn,  &c. 

Rowan's  expedition 
Mercedita,  &c. 
Bainbridge 

Sea  Foam 
State  of  Georgia,  &c. 
Mount  Vernon,  &c. 
Commodore     Perry, 
&c. 
Alabama 
Tioga 
General      Sherman, 
•fee. 
Diana 

Montauk 
Victoria,  &c. 
S.     Atlantic     Block. 
Squadron 
South  Carolina 
Sagamore 
Rachel  Seaman 
Yazoo  Pass  exped'n, 
Yankee 
DeSoto 
Lackawanna 

Sassacus  • 
Nita 
Roebuck 
Sunnower 
Kiplion 
Princess  Royal 

Star 
Massachusetts 

Mary  Agnes.... 
Matilde 

Malta  
Mary  

Mab  

June    3 

1861. 
May    14 
June  19 

1862. 
Mar.  14 
April   2 
May    11 

May    15 

May   28 
July   29 

Charleston,  S.  C  

Mary  T.  Cotton. 

North  Carolina. 
Nahum  Stetson. 

Hampton  roads  
Mouth  of  Mississippi 
river. 

Brie 

Schooner.... 
Schooner..  .  . 
Schooner.... 

Sloop 

New  Island  
Newcastle  ...   . 

Lat.  23°  N.,  long.  83° 
W. 
Coast  of  Cuba  

New  Eagle  
Nassau  
Napier  
Nathan'l  Taylor 

Nellie  

Bteamer.  .  .  . 
Brig  
Schooner.... 

Wilmington  

April    8 

Sept.  23 
Dec.      1 

H 

Pasquotank  river,  N. 
Carolina. 
Ossabaw  Sound,  Ga. 
Bahama  Banks  
Port  Royal  

Schooner... 
Steamer.... 

Steamer.... 

Steamer  .... 
Steamer  
Sloop.... 

Neustra    Sonora 
de  Regla. 

Nashville  

1863. 
Feb.    28 
Mar.  21 
April  19 

Mar.   29 
April  26 
April  22 
May 

Fort  McAllister..... 
Cape  Fear  river.... 

Nicolailst  
Neptune  

Nellie... 

Port  Royal  

Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 
Steamer.  .  .  . 
Schooner  
Steamer.... 
Steamer  

Steamer.... 
Steamer  
Sloop  

New  Year 

Tortugas  

Coast  of  Texas  

Natchez 

Nanjemoy  
Nita  

July    15 
Aug.  17 
June  14 

1864. 
Feb.     4 
Feb.    24 
Feb.    27 
May     6 
Sept.  29 
Nov.  19 

1865. 
April  — 
May    10 

186L 
May    16 
June  23 



Gulf  of  Mexico  
Lat.  25°  N.,  long.  85° 
W. 

New  river  inlet  

Nutfield  

Nan-Nan  
Nina.  

Suwannee  river  
Indian  river  

Steamer.... 
Schuoner.... 

Steamer.... 
Iron-clad 
(rebel).... 

Bark  
Schooner-... 

Night  Hawk.  .  .  . 

Off  'Brazos*  de  Santi- 
ago, Texas. 

Richmond,  Va  

Nansemond  
Nashville  

Octavia  

Hampton  roads  
Mississippi  sound... 

Olive  Branch... 

FOB    VIOLATION   OF   THE   BLOCKADE. 


339 


Class. 

Name. 

When 
cap- 
tured. 

Where  captured. 

By  what  vessel. 

Schooner.  .  . 
Pungy  

Ocean  Wave.... 
Ocean  Wave.... 
Olive  
Osceola  

1861 
Sept.     9 
July   18 
Nov.   22 
Dec.     9 
1862. 
Jan.    21 
Jan.    10 
Feb.    — 
Mar.   14 
April    2 
July   24 

Oct.     14 
Dec.   — 
1863. 
Jan.    19 

April  15 

May   16 
Aug.  — 
Oct.    23 

1864. 
May     1 

April  27 
April  18 

Aug.  24 
1861. 
May   25 
June    9 
June    7 
July  28 
Aug.  22 
Sept.  28 
Dec.    24 
1862. 
Mar.  14 

Hatteras  inlet 

Pawnee 
Resolute 
New  London,  &c. 

Kingfisher,  &c. 
Katteras 
Santiago  de  Cuba 
Rowan's  expedition 
M  ercedita 
Quaker  City 

Memphis 
Calhoun 

Admiral   Farragut'a 
fleet 
Monticello 

Two  Sisters 
Norfolk  packet 

Fox,    tender    to   8. 
Jacinto 
Union 
Beau  regard 

Narcissus 

Schooner  — 
Sloop  

Mississippi  sound.  .  . 

Schooner.  .  .  . 
Schooner.... 
Sloop  
Steamer.... 
r^loop  
Schooner.... 

Steamer  
Schooner.... 

Bar  kan  tine  . 
Schooner... 

Schooner... 
Steamer  
British  sch.. 

Sloop  

Eng.  schn'r. 
Schooner... 

Schooner.  .  . 
Bark  

Olive  Branch... 
Ocilla  
O.  K  
Old  North  State. 
Octavia  

Coast  of  Florida.  .  .  . 
Cedar  Keys  

A.ppalachicola..  
Lat.22°N.,  long.  87" 
W. 
Coast  of  Carolina.  .  . 

New  Orleans  

Little  River  inlet,  N. 
Carolina. 
Anclote  Key  

Orion  

Ouachita.  

Orion  

Ocean  Eagle  
Odd  Fellow..... 

Oliver  S.  Breeze 
Oconee  
Ocean  Bird  

Oscar.  
O  K.. 

STear  Savannah  
OS  St.  Augustine  in- 
let. 

Lat.  26°  5'  N.,  long. 
83°  20'  W. 
Coast  of  Florida.... 
OS    St.    Augustine, 
Florida. 
Biloxi  bay  

Oramoneta  

Pioneer  

Sampton  roads  
Gulf  of  Mexico  
Pass  &  1'Outre...   . 

Minnesota. 
Massachusetts. 
Brooklyn. 
St.  Lawrence, 
ollector  of  the  port 
Susquehanna 
Gem  of  the  Sea 

Rowan's  expedition 

Portsmouth 
Owasco 
Hatteras,  &c. 
Hatteras 
Bienville 

Susquehanna 
Currituck 
Vessels  in  sounds  of 
N.  Carolina 
Penobscot 
Reliance 
Octorara 

Currituck 
Chocura 
Tioga 
Unadilla,  &c. 
Vanderbilt 
Gem  of  the  Sea 

Ship  
Bark 

Perthshire  

Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner.  .  . 

Schooner... 

Petrel  
Prince  Leopold. 
Prince  Alfred... 
Prince  of  Wales. 

P.  A.  Sanders.  .  . 
Palma  

Charleston  

New  York  

Hatteras  inlet. 

Pioneer 

Feb.    20 
Mar.  16 
April    4 
May    17 
May   26 
May   29 
June  — 
May     7 

Mar.  14 
Nov.     2 

Schooner.  .  . 
Steamer.... 
Sloop  
Steamer.  .  .  . 
Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 

Steamer.... 
Schooner... 

SloOD 

President  
P.  C.  Wallis.... 
Poody  
Patra*  
Providence  
Princeton  
Planter  

Mississippi  river  
Pass  Christiana  
Vermillion  bay  

Tortugas  banks  
Pamunkey  river  .  .  . 

Post  Boy  

Pointer  .... 
Prize  

Potter  
Pride  
Pearl  
Princess  Royal. 
Peterhoff  
Petee  

Oct.    31 
Dec.   20 
1863. 
June    3 
June  21 
June  20 
June  29 
Feb.  25 
Mar.  10 



Boat.  

Sloop  
Schooner... 
Steamer.... 
Steamer.... 
Steamer.... 
Sloop,  

Potomac  river  
Frying  Pan  shoals.  . 

Charleston  

St.  Thomas  


VESSELS    CAPTURED   AND    DESTROYED 


Class. 

Name. 

When 
cap- 
tured. 

Where  captured. 

By  what  vessel. 

Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner.  .  . 

Steamer.... 
Steamer.... 
Steamer.... 

Steamer.... 
Steamer.... 

Sloop  
Steamer.... 
Schooner... 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Small  boat.. 

Steamer  
Sloop  

Pacifique  
Pushmataha.  .  .  . 

Planter  

1863 
Mar.  27 
June  13 

June  15 
Dec.  20 

Sept.  23 

1864. 
Feb.     2 

Feb.   16 

Mar.  12 
June    9 
July     8 

Oct.    29 
Oct.    27 

St.  Mark's  

'stars  and  Stripes 
Sunflower 

Lacka  wanna 

Fox,  tender  to  S.  Jo- 
ciuto 

Connecticut 

Lehigh  and  others 
Montgomery 

Massachusetts    and 
others 
Newbern 
Azalia    and     Sweet 
Brier 
S.  Atlantic  Blockad- 
ing squadron 
Sciotk 

Pursuit 

Sunflower 

Boat  expedition 
Honeysuckle 

Estrella,  &c. 

Potomac  flotilla 
Thomas  Freeborn 
Yankee 
Cambridge 
Dart 
Expedition         from 
Sau  tee 

Hatteras 
Mercedita,  &c. 
Potomac  flotilla 
Kanawha 
Bienville 
Pawnee  and  others 
Rhode  Island 
Hatteras 
Arthur 
Huntsville 

Connecticut 

Wyandank 
Monticello,  &o. 
Penobscot 
"W.  G.  Anderson 
Daylight 

Octorara 
Two  Sisters 

Lat.27°N.,long.  86° 

Powerful 

Suwannee  river.... 
Near  Rich  inlet,  N. 

Phantom  

Presto  
Pet  

Persis  
Pevensey  
Pocahontas  

Prince  Albert... 
Pancha  Larispa. 

Sullivan's  island.... 
Off  Lockwood's  Fol- 
ly inlet  

Off  Wassaw   sound, 
Ga  

Off  Charleston,  S.  C. 

Off  Velasco,  Texas.. 
Near  ludian  river, 

Petrel.... 
Pickwick  

Pet  

Dec.   15 
Dec.     6 
1865. 
Feb.     7 
Mar.    3 
Jan.   — 
April  — 
1863. 
April  — 
1861. 
July   16 

New  inlet,  N.  C..     . 
Coast  of  Florida.     . 

Galveston  bay  ...     . 
Suwannee  river.  .     . 
Sounds  of  N.  Car    . 
Richmond,  Va...     . 

Red  river,  Ark  
Eastern  Shore,  Md. 

Schooner... 
Sloop 

Steamer.... 
Rebel  steam. 

Ram  

Philadelphia.... 
Patrick  Henry  . 

Qu'noftheWest 
Ring  Dove  

Schooner  .  .  . 
Sloop 

Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 
Schooner.  .  . 
Armed  rebel 
schooner.. 

Sloop  

Remittance  

Aug.  28 
Sept.  10 

Bea'ufo'rt,  N."  C  '..'.'.'. 

Royal  Yacht.... 
Rattler  

Nov.     7 

1862. 
Jan.    10 
April   2 
April  20 

May   29 
June    6 
June    4 
April    4 
July     9 
July  21 

Sept.    9 

Sept.     5 
Oct.    11 
Oct.    22 
Sept  17 
Oct.     30 
1863. 
Jan.    10 
Feb.     1 

Galveston  

Cedar  Keys  

Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner  .  .  . 
Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner.  .  . 
Steamer.... 

Schooner.  .  . 

Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 
Brig  

Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Schooner... 
Sloop... 

Rose  

R.  C.  Files  

Mobile 

Stono  inlet 

Rich'd  O.  .Bryan 
Resolution  

Coast  of  Texas  

Coast  of  Texas.  

Reliance  

Rambler  

Rising  Sun  
Revere  
Robert  Bruce  .  . 

Lat.  28°  N.,  long.  94° 
W 

Cape  Fear  river  

Shallot  inlet,  JST.  C.. 

Racer  
Rising  Dawn... 

New  inlet,  N.  C  

Bocos  Grande  .  .  . 

FOR   VIOLATION    OF   THE    BLOCKADE. 


341 


Class. 

Name. 

When 
cap- 
tured. 

Where  captured. 

By  what  vessel. 

Schooner.  .  . 
Steamer  
Sloop  

1863 

New  Era 
Conestoga,  &o. 
J.  S.  Chambers 

Octorara 

Fort  Henry.  &c. 
Mount  Vernon,  &c. 
W.  G.  Anderson 
Kanawha 
De  Soto 
Yazoo  Pass  exped'n. 

Primrose 
IJ.  S.  Chambers 

Jasmine 

Owasco 
Louisiana 
Gem  of  the  Sea 
Cceur  de  Leon 
James  Adger 

Roebuck 
New  London 

Western  Metropolis 
San  Jacinto 

Minnesota  and  oth- 
ers 
Beauregard 
Roebuck 
Virginia 
Beauregard 
Wamsutta 
Proteus 

Keystone  state 

Hope 
Stepping  Stones 

Proteus 
Fox 

Quaker  City 

South  Carolina 
Cumberland 
Minnesota 
Perry 
Quaker  Ci'.y 
Minnesota 

Hose  Hamilton. 
Relanpag)  

Rosalie  

Feb.    12 
Mar.     4 

Mar.   16 
Mar.  25 

Ap'nl  15 
May    18 
April  24 
May    24 

Carson's  landing.  .  .  . 
Charlotteharbor.Fla 
Lat.  26°  N.,  long.  76° 
W  

Sloop  

Sloop  
Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 
Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 
Steamer.... 
Rani  .  .. 

Eising  Dawn... 
Royal  Yacht... 
Ripple  
Rapid  
R.  J".  Lockland. 
Republic  

Crystal  river  
New  inlet.  ... 

Galveston  .  .  . 

Mobile  

Gulf  of  Mexico  

Sloop  

Richard  Vaux.. 
Rebekah  

June  20 
June  18 

July  14 

July   21 
July  - 
Aug.  31 
Sept.  15 
Nov;     9 

Dec.  17 
Dec.     3 

1864. 
Jan.    28 
Jan.     7 

Jan.   11 

Jan.    31 
Feb.    29 
April  13 
May  12 
June    2 
June    9 

July     2 

Aug.    2 
Nov.     9 
1865. 
Feb.    27 
Mar.     2 

April  - 
April  - 
Mar.  12 

1861. 
Sept.  11 
May     1 
Vfay    17 
June    3 
June  26 
Fu;y     1 

Potomac  rivor  

Lat.  27°  N.,  long.  83° 

Schooner... 
Sloop  

Relempago  

Lat.  2*5°  N.,  long.  82° 
W 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Renshaw  
Richard  

Washington,  N.  C.. 
Charlotte  harbor... 

Schooner... 
Steamer.... 

British  sch.. 
Mexican  sch 

Steamer.... 
Schooner... 

Steamer  

Sloop  
Schooner... 
Sloop  
Sloop  ...  . 

Robert  Knowles 
R.   E.  Lee,  for- 
merly Giraffe. 
Ring  Dove  
Raton  del  Nilo. 

Rosita.  

Oft'  Wilmington.... 

Off  Indian  river,  Fla 
East  of  Padre  island, 
Texas. 

Gulf  

Lat.  26°  23'  N.:  long. 
83°  59'  W. 
Near       Lockwood's 
Folly  inlet. 
Off  Cape  Canaveral. 
Indian  river  

Racer  
Rebel  
Rosina  

San  Luis  Pass.. 

Cape  Canaveral  
Off  Georgetown  .... 

Lat.  28°  2'  N.  ;  long. 
77°  W. 
Lat.  32°  50'  N.  ;  long. 
75°  40'  W. 
Off  Bull's  Bay.  . 

Steamer....- 
British  sch.. 

British  st'r. 
Sloop  . 

Rose  

R.  S.  Hood  

Sloop 

Reliance  

Ruby  

Rob  Roy 

Mobjackbay,  Va... 
At  sea.  . 

Steamer.  .  .  . 
Schooner... 

Iron-clad, 
rebel. 
Iron-clad, 
rebel. 
Brig  

Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Bark  
Schooner... 
Bark  
Schooner.  .  . 

Steinhatchie    river, 
Fla. 
Richmond,  Va  

Lat.  27°  N.,  long.  96° 
W  . 

Galveston.  I.     .. 

Richmond  
Roanokc  
R.  H.  Vermilyea 

SoledadCos  
Sarah  and  Mary 
Star  
Savannah  
SallieMagee.... 
Sally  Mear*.... 

Hampton  roads  

Hampton  road?  

342 


VESSELS   CAPTURED    AND    DESTROYED 


Class. 

Name. 

When 
cap- 
tured. 

Where  captured. 

By  what  vessel 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Bark  

Sam  Houston... 
Shark  

1861 
July     7 
July     4 
June  26 
Aug.     3 
Sept.   10 
Sept.  28 
Oct.    12 

Oct.    13 
June    8 

South  Carolina 

Rattlesnake  shoals.  . 
Wilmington  
Hatteras  inlet  

Vandalia.  &c. 
Wabash 
Pawnee 
Susquehanna 
Dale 

Keystone  State 
Resolute 
Louisiana 
Bienville 

Supply 

Hatteras 
DeSoto 
Rowan's  expedition 
Ethan  Allen 
Rowan's  expedition 

Potomac  flotilla 

Kanawha 

Onward 
Bienville 

Bainbridge,  &c. 

Sea  Foam 
Western  flotilla 

Penobscot 
Keystone  State,  &c. 
Hatteras 
Vessels  in  sounds  oi 
N.  Carolina 
General  Putnam 

Wyandank 
State  of  Georgia,  &o. 
Arthur 
Restless 
Daylight,  &c. 
T.A.WaW 
Diana 

Admiral   Farragut's 
fleet 

Schooner... 
Schooner..* 
Schooner... 
Schooner.  .  . 

Steamer.... 
Schooner.... 
Schooner... 
Schooner.  .  . 

Schooner.  .  . 

Sarah  Starr  
Susan  Jane  

Specie  
Salvor  

Lat.  3l"°  N.,  long.  80° 
W. 

Sarah  &  Carol'e 
Stephen  Hart.  .  . 

Staff 

Dec.    11 
1862. 
Jan.    29 

Jan.    10 
Feb.      8 
Feb 

St.  John's  river  

Lat.  24°  N.,  long.  82° 
"W 
Cedar  keys  

Schooner... 
Steamer.... 
Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 

Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 
Schooner..  .  . 

Schooner.  .  . 
Steamer.  .  .  . 

Steamer.... 
Sloop  

Slar  

Bayou  Lafourche.  .  . 
Roanoke  island  
"West  coast  of  Fla... 

Spitfire  .  . 

Mar.   — 
Mar.    14 

April  - 

April  10 

May     1 
May    24 

»» 

May   15 
June     5 
June     6 
June  14 
June  20 
June     3 
Mar.  14 

June     9 
April  19 
Aug.   11 
Sept.  22 
Sept.  28 
Feb.    - 
Oct.    24 
Nov.     4 
Nov.  16 
Dec.    — 

1863. 
Jan.    19 

Jan.     8 
Feb.   20 
Feb.     3 

Mar.  30 
Mar.  13 

Sarah    A.    Fal- 
coner. 
Sarah  Ann  
Sidney  C.  Jones 
Sea  Foam  
Southern  Inde- 
pendence. 
Sarah  
Stettin  

Off  Mobile  .. 

Bull's  bay 

Charleston  

Lat,  23°  N.,  long.  82° 
W. 
Coast  of  Cuba  

Swan...  
Sarah  

Steamer.... 
Steamer.  .  .  . 
Schooner  .  .  . 
Steamer.... 

Sereta  .  . 

Shallow  inlet,  N.  C. 
Charleston  

Sarah  
Sarah 

Steamer.  .  .  . 

Steamer.... 
Steamer.  .  .  . 
Steamer.... 
Steamer  
Steamer.... 
Sloop  
Steamer.... 
Bark  .  . 

Susan  Ann  How- 
ard. 
Scupper  nong... 

Newbern  

Indian  Town,  N.  C. 

S.  C.  Jones  
Southerner  

New  inlet,  N.  C.... 
Coast  of  Texas  
Bull's  bay  

Swan  
Scotia  
Sophia 

Masonborough  inlet 

Sloop 

S.  W.  Green  .  .  . 
Southern    Mer- 
chant. 

St.  Charles  

Sallie  Rohinson. 
Silas  Henry  

Steamer.  .  .  . 

Steamer.... 

Steamer.... 
Schooner..  .  . 
"Bark 

New  Orleans,  La.  .  . 

Point  Rosa,  Florida. 
Lat.  25°  N.,  long.  73° 
W. 
Little  River  inlet.  .  . 
Lat.  26°  N.,  long.  83° 
W. 

Tahoma 
Julia,  &o. 
Sonoma 

Monticello 
Huntsville 

Schooner... 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Springbok  

Sue  
Surprise  

FOB   VIOLATION    OF  THE   BLOCKADE. 


343 


Class. 

Name. 

When 
cap- 
tured. 

Where  captured. 

By  what  vessel. 

Steamer.... 
Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 
Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 

Schooner... 
Sloop 

1861 
April  18 
April  22 
May     6 
May     8 
May   13 

May     9 
May    15 
May   24 

Cape  Remain  inlet.. 
Fort  Fisher,  N.  C... 

Stettin 
Mount  Vernon,  &c. 
Dragon 
Primrose 
De  Soto 

Aroostook,  &c. 
Cnnandaigua 
Yazoo  Pass  exped'n 

Brooklyn 
Itasca. 
Tahoma 
Satellite 
Fort  Henry 
Sagamore 

St  George  

Samuel  First.  .  .  . 
Sarah  Lavinia.. 
Sea  Bird  

Curritoman  river.  .  . 
Lat.  29°  N.,  long.  87° 
W. 
Mobile  . 

Steamer.... 
Steamer...  . 
Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 
Schooner..  .  . 
Schooner..  .  . 
Sloop  
Schooner  — 

Star  of  the  West 
Star  

Sea  Drift 



May    30 
June  22 
June    6 
May   28 
Aug.     6 
Aug.     8 

Brazos  Santiago  
Matagorda  island.  .  . 
Tampa,  Florida.... 
Great  Wicomico.... 
St.  Martin's  reef.  .  .  . 
Gilbert's  bar.  ....... 

Sarah.  
Southern  Star.. 
Southern  Rights 
Shot  

Steamer.... 
Steamer.  .  .  . 
Steamer.  .  .  . 

Stenmer.  .  .  . 
British  bark 
British  sch.. 
Bark. 

Sir  William  Peel 
St  Mary's  

Aug.  - 

Off  Rio  Grande  
Yazoo  City.... 

Seminole 
Mississippi  squadr'n 
Union 

Tahoma  and  Adela 
Vanderbilt 
Connecticut 
Owasco  &  Virginia 

Huron 
Roebuck 
Patapsco 
Norwich  and  others 

Penobscot 
Connecticut 

Dan  Smith  &  others 
Virginia 
Tioga 
Beauregard 
Keystone  State 

Norfolk  packet 
W.  Gulf  blockading 
squadron 
Metacomet 

losco 
Metacomet 
O.  H.  Lee 

Malvern  &  others 
Gladiolus  &  others 
Marigold 
Honeysuckle 

Cumberland 
Minnesota 
i  Massachusetts 

Oct.      8 

Oct.    16 
Oct      30 
Dec.   20 
Nov.     5 
1864. 
Jan.     2 
Jan.    11 
Feb.      9 

" 
Feb?   29 
Mar.     1 

Mar.     3 
Mar.     9 
Mar.  20 
April    7 
June    5 

June  26 
Aug.     5 

Dec.    31 

Nov.   21 
Nov.  27 
Dec.    10 
1865. 
Jan.    19 
Feb.    18 
Feb.    25 
Feb.    28 

April'— 

Lat.    31°     N.,  long. 
80°  W. 

Scottish  Chief..-. 

Coast  of  Africa  
Off  Wilmington.... 
Off  Rio  Grande  

Doboy  sound,  Ga... 
Otf  Jupiter  inlet  
Wassaw  sound  
St.  John's  river  
FortCaswell,  N.C.. 
Off  Velasco.  Texas.. 
Lat.  32°  34'  W.,  long. 
77°  18'  W. 
Altamaha  sound,  Ga. 
Off  Coast  of  Texas. 
Off  Elbow  Li  eht.... 
Off  Cape  Canaveral. 
South  of  Cape  Look- 
out 
Mosquito  inlet.  .  .  .  .  . 

Sallie  

British  sch. 
En?,  sch'ner 
Schooner.... 
Steamer.... 
Steamer.  .  .  . 
Schooner... 
Steamer.  .  .  . 

Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 
Sloop 

Swift  

St.  Mary's  

Spunky  
Siingray  
Scotia  

Sophia.  
Sylphide 

Schooner...  . 
Steamer.... 

Sloop  

Spunky  
Siren  

Sarah  Mary.... 
Selma  

Sea  Witch  

Sybil.  
Susanna  
Sorts.  

Stag  
Syren  

Salvador  . 

Steamer.... 
Schooner..  .  . 

Schooner... 
Steamer  
Schooner... 

Steamer.... 
Steamer.  .  .  . 
Schooner..  . 
Schooner.  .  . 
Brig  

Lat.  27"  N.,  long.  93° 
W. 

Off  Campeachy  b'ks 

Cape  Fear  river.... 
Charleston,  S.  C.... 
At  sea  

Sort  

Sar.  M.  Newhall 
Shrapnell  

Cedar  keys,  Fla  
S.  A.  squadron..... 
Richmond,  Va  

Rebel  stm'r 
Eebel  stm'r 

Schooner... 
Schooner  — 
Schooner..  .  . 

Theresa  C  
Tropic  Wind  
TrosFreres  

1861. 
May     4 
May    20 
June  23 

Hampton  roads  

Mississippi  sound... 

344 


VESSELS    CAPTUEED    AND   DESTROYED 


Class. 

Name. 

When 
cap- 
tured. 

"Where  captured. 

By  what  vessel. 

Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Sloop  
Ship  

Tom  Hicks  

1861 
July     9 

South  Carolina 
Dana  " 

Roanoke,  &c. 
Cambridge 

Kingfisher 
Restless 
Octorara 

Maratanza 
Kensington 
Free  born 
Albatross 
W.  G.  Anderson 

Sagamore 
Crusader 

Admiral    Farragut'a 
fleet 
Cambridge 
H.  Hudson 

Cayuga,  &c. 
Satellite 
Sagamore 

Mississippi  squadr'n 
Curiituck  &  Fuchsia 
Granite  City 

Roebuck 
Nita 
Kansas 

Fort  Jackson 
Roebuck 

W.  Gulf  blockading 
squadron 

Wyalusing 
Quaker  City 

Part  of    N.    A.    B 
squadron 

Harriet  Lane 

Tahoma 
J.  S.  Chambers 

Teaser  

July     5 
Sept.     1 
Oct.     15 
Nov.     6 
1862. 
Jan.    30 
Feb.    14 
July   24 

T.  J.  Evans  
Thomas  Watson 
T.  W.  Riley.... 

Teresita 

Chesapeake  bay  
Charleston  

Sloop  

Span.  bark.. 
Schooner.... 
Steamer.... 

Schooner.... 
Tug 

Rappahannock  river 

Theo.  Stoney... 
Tubal  Cain  

Bull's  bay  

Lat.  31°  N.,  long.  78° 
W. 

Teaser 

,luly     4 
Aug.   13 
Oct.     - 
Sept.  21 
Sept.     4 

Oct.     28 

Schooner  — 
Sloop  

Troy  

Thomas  Reilly.. 
Two  Sisters  

Quantico  Crceli  

Schooner  
Schooner.... 

Schooner... 

Steamer.... 

Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 

Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 

Steamer.  .  .  . 
Steamer.... 
Span.  bark- 
British  sloop 
Schooner... 
Steamer.... 

Steamer  
Eng.  sch'ner 
Rebel  ram.. 

Schooner.... 
Sloop  
Rebel  ram.. 

Steamer..... 
Schooner... 

Schooner... 
Steamer..... 

Lat,  28°  N.,  long.  93° 
W. 

Trier  

Tobacco,  4  boxes 

Tennessee.  

Mobjack  bay  

New  Orleans,  La.  .  . 
New  inlet  

1863. 
Jan.    19 

Jan.    23 
Mar.  16 

Mar.     3 
Aug.   17 
July   24 

July  — 

Oct.    21 
Nov.   - 
1864. 
Feb.    25 
April  11 
May    15 

June    4 
July   10 
Aug.     5 

1865. 
Jan.    — 

Mar.   16 

Mar.  — 
Mar.   - 

Time  

Theresa. 

Lat.  27"  N..  long.  83° 
W. 

Three  Brothers. 
Turpentine,     11 
barrels. 
Tom  Sugg  
Three  Brothers. 
Teresita 

Great  Wicomico.  .  .  . 
Cape  Canaveral.... 

Near  Rio  Grande.  .  . 

Off  Indian  river  
Homasassa  river  .... 
Lat.  34°  &  N.,  long. 
77°  27'  W. 
Lat.  32°  38'  N.,  long. 
75°  55'  W. 
Off  Indian  riv.  inlet. 

Mobile  bay  

Two  Brothers.  .  . 
Three  Brothers. 
Tristr'm  Shandy 

Thistle  

Tennessee  

Perquimon's    river, 
N,  Carolina. 
Lat.  25°  N.;  long.  96° 
W. 
Richmond  Va 

Telemico 

Texas  

Richmond  Va  

Charleston,  S.C  

Union  

Uncle  Mose  
Union  

1861. 
June    5 
1862. 
July     7 
Aug.   25 

Coast  of  Yucatan... 
Lat.  23°  N.:  long.  85° 
W. 

FOR    VIOLATION   OF   THE   BLOCKADE. 


345 


Class. 

Name. 

When 
cap- 
tured. 

Where  captured. 

By  what  vessel. 

Steamer.  .  . 

Union  

1863. 

(May    19 

1861. 
July     4 
July   18 
Dec.    26 

Dec.     3 
1862. 
April  10 
May    15 
July     2 
July  12 

June  19 
Sept.  30 
1863. 
Jan.   18 
Feb.    28 
May   28 
May  30 
June  21 

Oct.    21 
Nov.     5 

1864. 
Jan.    12 

Dec.     1 

1865. 
Mar.  — 

1861. 
May  15 

Lnt.27°]Sr.:long,  85° 
W. 

Galveston  

Huntsville 

South  Carolina 
Albatross 
Rhode  Island 

Santiago  de  Cuba 

lanawha 
Calhoun 
Gem  of  the  Sea,  &c. 
ilercedita 

Horning  Light 
Crocker's  expedition 

Wachusett 
Wyandank 
Tuniata 
Brooklyn 
Santiago  de  Cuba 

Nansemond 

)wasco  &  Virginia 
Jeauregard 

Rhode  Island 

Minnesota 

iuaker  City 
Crusader 
Ternandina 

Hatteras 
n 

'ortsmouth. 
Restless 
Water  Witch 
G.  W.  Blunt 
Santiago  de  Cuba 
Hunchback,  &c. 
Dalhoun, 
Montgomery 
Durrituck,  &c 
Bohio. 
Dom'dore  Perry,  &c, 
DeSoto 

Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner.  .  . 

Schooner.  .  . 

Schooner... 
Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 
Schooner.  .  . 

Sloop  

Coast  of  N.  Carolina 
Lat,  28°  N.;  long.  93° 
W. 
Point  Isabel 

Venus  
Victoria 

Victoria 

Mobile 

Venus  

Lake  PoLchartrain. 
Georgetown,  S.  C  .  .  . 
Lat.  26°  N.:  long.  76° 
W. 
Mobile  bay  

Volante  

Victoria  

Venture  

Schooner.  .  . 

Steamer.... 
Sc  ooner... 
Steamer  
Sloop  
Steamer  

Steamer.... 
Brig  . 

Velocity  

if  ugue's  island  

Vesta..  

Point  Isabel 

Victory  

Lat.  25°  K;  long.  75° 
W. 
New  inlet,  N.  C  

Off  Rio  Grande  
Oif  Cape  Canaveral. 

Between  Tubb's  riv- 
er and  Little  inlet, 
N.  Carolina. 
Lat.  32°  N.;  long.  78° 
W. 

Richmond,.  Va  

Venus  
Volante  

British  sea. 
Steamer.  .  .  . 

Steamer.  .  .  . 

Rebel    iron- 
clad 

Schooner.... 
Fchoonsr... 
Bark  

Voiante  

Vesta  
Vixen  

Virginia  

William  &  John 
William  Henry. 
Winifred  
Wanderer  
William  H.  Nor- 
throp. 

WyfeorNye.... 
William  H.  Mid- 
dleton. 
Wave  

lampton  roads  

May   25 
May    14 
Dec.   25 

1862. 
Jan.    10 
» 

Feb.     1 
Feb.   14 
May     5 
April  19. 
April  23 
May   21 
May     6 
June    3| 
May     5| 
June  27 
July     9| 
July     1 

Cape  Henry  

Yacht  

Key  West  

Schooner.  .  . 

Schooner.... 
Sloop  

Cedar  keys  

Boca  Chico  

Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 
Schooner  — 
Schooner... 
fcch  ooner... 
Steamer.... 
Schooner.... 
Sloop  
Sloop  
Steamer.... 
Schooner.... 

Wandoo  

Bull's  bay  

William  Mallory 
Wave  1 
W.  C.  Bee  
Winter  Shrub...; 
Whlteman  
Will  o'  the  Wisp 
Water  Witch..., 
Wave  
Wilson  
William  ' 

St.  Andrew's  bay... 
Georgetown  .       .       ' 

Keel's  creek,  N.  C  .  . 
Lake  Pontchartrain. 
Rio  Grande 

Mississippi  sound.  .  . 
Hamilton,  N.  C  
Sabine  lake,  La  

346 


VESSELS    CAPTURED    AND   DESTROYED 


Class. 

Name. 

When 
cap- 
tured. 

Where  captured. 

By  what  vessel. 

Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 
Sloop 

We^t  Florida 

1862. 

Kensington,  &c. 
Arthur 
E.  B.  Hale 
Corypheus 
Montgomery 

New  Era 

Conemangh 
Sacramento 
Octorara 

Wabash,  &c. 
De  Soto,  &c. 
Cayuga 

Mercedita 
Gertrude 

Two  Sisters,  tender 
to  San  Jacinto 
Restless 
Norwich,  &c. 
Virginia 
Hendrick  Hudson 
Fort  Jackson 

Arkansas 

Cumberland 
Union 

Roebuck 
Grand  Gulf 

Elk 

Connecticut 
Huntsville 
New  London 
M  ississippi  Squadr'n 

Adolph  Hugel 

Water  Witch... 
Wave  
Water  Witch.  .  . 
Wm,  E.  Chester 

Wm.H.Harrison 
Wm.  A.  Knapp. 

Sept.  27 
Nov.     4. 
Aug.  24 
Nov.  20 
1863. 
Jan.    24 

Corpus  Christi 

Arizona  Pass  

Schooner... 
Steamer.... 

Steamer  
Schooner... 
Schooner.... 

Schooner.  .  . 
Steamer.... 
Schooner... 

British  sch. 
Steamer  

British  sch. 

Schooner.  .  . 
Steamer.  .  .  . 
Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 
Steamer.... 

Schooner.  .  .. 

Steamer.  .  .  . 
Steamer.  .  .  . 

Tug 



Wave  Queen.  .  .  . 
Wanderer 

Feb.    25 
May     2 
April  20 

May    13 
July    18 
Aug.  22 

Oct.    28 
Aug.    16 

1864. 
Jan.    13 

Jan.    22 
Feb.      1 
Feb.    15 
Mar.  21 
Oct.    21 

Sept.  27 

1865. 
Feb.     9 
Jan.    21 
1861. 
April  24 

North  Santee 

W.Y.  Leitch... 
Wonder 

Lat.  26°  N.;  long.  76° 
W. 
Port  Royal,  S.  C.... 

Wm.  Bagley  
Wave  

William  

Lat.  26°  N.:  long.  96° 
W. 

Lat.  26°  N.;  long.  86° 
W. 

Off  Suwannee  river. 

St.  Andrew's  bay.  .  . 
Stump  ii.let,  N.  C... 
San  Luis  Pass  

William  

Wm.  A.  Kain... 
Wild  Payrell  .  .  . 
Wm.  Douglass.. 
Wild  Pigeon.... 
Wando  

Florida  coast  

Lat.  33°  5'  N.  ;  long. 
76°  40'  W. 
Lat.  28"  40'  N.:  long. 
90°  53'  W. 

Off  Galveston,  Texas 
Mississippi  Squadr'n 

Hampton  Roads.  .  .  . 
Cape  Hatteras 

Watchful  .  .. 

Will  o'  the  Wisp 
WInona  

Young  America. 
York 

Rebel  priv'r 
schooner. 

British  slo'p 
Steamer.... 

Sloop  

Schooner.  .  . 
Schooner... 
Schooner.  .  . 

Young  Racer... 
Young  Republic 

Yankee  Doodle. 
Zeland  

1864. 
Jan.    H 
May     6 

June  10 

1861. 
Nov.  21 
Oct.      1 

Near  Jupiter's  inlet. 
Lat.  32°  10'  N.;  long. 
78°  49'  W. 
Entrance   to    Pearl 
river,  Miss. 

OffTampico  bay  
Vermillion  bay  

Zavala  

Sloop  

Zion  

1864. 
Noy.    2 

.....  

FOR   VIOLATION   OF   THE   BLOCKADE. 


347 


MISCELLANEOUS  CAPTURES. 


Description. 

When 
cap- 
tured. 

Where  captured. 

By  what  vessel. 

1861 
Dec.    11 
May   28 
Oct.       5 
Oct.     11 
Aug.    16 
Nov.    15 

Off  St.  John's  river,  Fla.. 

Bienville 
Resolute 
Louisiana 
Jnion 
Yankee 
Bam  Houston 
Arthur 
Bienville 

Mercedita,  &o. 
Huntsville 
Hatteras 

Chincoteague  inlet  

gloop  

Potomac  river  

Pass  Cavallo  

Dec.    15 

1862. 
Jan  .   24 

St  Andrew's  •  

Bark  

Jan.   23 
Jan.    10 

Mobile  bar  

Sail-boat   

1  iron  windlass  
5  barrels  of  lard,  &c. 

Mar.  14 

Roanoke  N  C 

Naval  expedition 

Commodore  Perry 
Ariel. 
Rowan's  expedition 
Louisiana,  &c. 

Feb.    10 
Jan.    22 
Feb.    — 

Elizabeth  City 

Schooner  

Feb.    12 

Edenton  N    C 

>» 

Lieut.  Jeffer's  expedition 
New  London 

!> 

S.  Atlantic   Blockading 
Squadron 
Jacob  Bell,  &c. 
H 

Hatteras 
Huron 

Alabama 
Santiago  de  Cuba 
Tahoma 

Santiago       Cuba 
Amanda 
Kanawha 

Corwin,  &c. 

Rhode'lsland 
Naval  expedition 

Delaware 

2  fishing  schooners.. 

Isle  au  Pied.  . 

Mar.     3 

Sloop        

April  — 

Rappahannock  river  

April  12 
April  26 
May     8 

('oast  of  South  Carolina. 
Bull's  bay  

April  24 
June    t> 

C*r*f\<       I 

Memphis'.  

Mar.  — 
June  17 
June  — 

May  - 
May     4 
July  - 

Near  Sabine  river  
Table  land  of  Mariel  
Fort  Morgan  

Bark 

Schooner,  (supposed 
to  be  Monticello.) 

"West  Point,  Virginia  
Coppohosal  

1,200   bars    railroad 
iron. 

St.  Simon's  sound,  Ga.  .  . 
Newborn,  N  C 

Steamer  

Mar.  21 

348 


VESSELS    CAPTURED    AND   DESTROYED 


Description. 

"When 
cap- 
tured. 

"Where  captured. 

By  what  vessel. 

Sloop         

1862 
Aug.  11 
Aug.  12 

July   10 
July   29 
Sept.  26 
Oct.      1 
Oct.  3-5 
Oct.      9 
Oct.     17 
Oct.     24 
Nov.     1 

Potomac  river 

Arthur 
Pittsburg 
State  of  Georgia 
Eureka. 
T.  A,  Ward 

Jacob  'Bell 
Matthew  Vassar 
Freeborn 
T.  A.  Ward 
Cambridge 
Daylight 
Chocura 

E.  B.  Hale 
General  Putnam,  &c. 

i) 

Crusader 
Mt.  Vernon,  &C. 
Dan  Smith 
Calhoun 
Sagamore 
Mahaska,  &c. 

N 

Sloop         

Sloop  
A  wharf  boat  

" 

Eunice  

New  inlet  N   C 

An  old  launch  

Quantico  creek. 

One  seven-oared  boat 
Metalic  life-boat.... 

One  seine  boat  

Nov.  16 
Nov.    17 

Mason  borough  inlet  

Brig  . 

Nov.  19 
Nov.     4 
Oct.     21 
Nov.   25 

Shallow  inlet  

Bark  

Masonborough  inlet  

Vessel  on  stocks.... 

Nov.   23 

East  river  

" 

Nov.     3 
Nov.   30 
Nov.  26 
Dec.      5 
Dec.    19 

New  inlet 

Flat-bottomed  boat. 

Bell  river  

Sloop 

York  river. 

Five  boats  

Dec.    20 

M 

M 

Diana" 
Octorara 

Mahaska 
» 

Minnesota,  &c. 
Admiral  Farragut's  fleet 

» 

" 

Lighter  

Dec.   — 

Boat  

Dec.    20 
1863. 
Jan.     8 

Sloop.        .  . 

White  House  .... 

Bark. 

Bark  

Scow  

Sloop 

Jan.    18 
Jan.   19 

Newport  News  Va 

Rebel  vessel,  (bldg.) 
Bebel  vessel,  (bldg.) 
Rebel  vessel,  (bldg.) 
Rebel  vessel,  Cbldg.) 
Rebel  vessel,  (bldg.) 

Capture  of  New  Orleans. 

Jan.  13 
Jan.  20 
Jan.   23 

„          ..            .  • 

Canoe  
Sloop  

Dividing  creek,  Va  
Chuckatuck  creek  

Currituck 
Commodore  Morris 

Currituck 
George  Mangham 

Four      clinker-built 
boats. 

Jan.  20 
Jan.  25 
Jan.  24- 
25, 

Tabb's  creek 

Three  boat' 

FOR    VIOLATION   OF   THE    BLOCKADE. 


349 


Description. 

When 
cap- 
tured. 

"Where  captured. 

By  what  vessel. 

1863 
Jan.   21 
Feb.    12 

Jan.   20 
Feb      9 

Topsail  inlet              .... 

Daylight 
George  Mangham 

Commodore  Morris 
Dan  Smith 
Mt.  Vernon 
Coeur  de  Leon 
Sagamore 
Boat  expedition 

New  London 
Hartford 
Cimmaron 
Perry. 
C'urrituck,  &c. 

Western  World,  &c. 
Yazoo  Pass  expedition 

Conemaugh,  &c. 
Yazoo  Pass  expedition 
Naval  expedition 
Mississippi  squadron 
Brooklyn 

Tahoma 
Fort  Henry 
)i 
» 

M 
tt 

Shokokon 
Commodore  Morris 
Restless 
Yankee,  &c. 
» 

Cceur  de  Leon 
Currituck 

Sciota 
De  Soto 
Sciota 
>» 

Boat  expedition 
Annie 

Tahoma 
Fort  Henry 
Restless 
Currituck 

Cayuga 
» 

M 

Granite  City,  &a 

"Vessel  .. 

Sloop 

Two  boats 

Feb.      2 
Mar    13 

Canoe  

Schooner  

Mar.     2 
Mar.  24 

Mosquito  inlet  ' 

Schooner......   ... 

Schooner  

April  19 

Charleston  

Brig  

Sloop  

Wharf  boat  . 

April  10 
April    8 
April  24 
May     2 
May    14 
May    20 
May  1-8 

Sabine  Pass  

Sloop  . 

Rich  inlet  

TJrbana,  Va  

Six  vessels,  &o  
Steamer  "  35th  Par- 
allel" 

May    10 
May 

Morrell's  inlet 

May    20 

Yazoo  City 

Horses  and  "Wagons. 

May    30 

JMsnmg           

Flat-boat 

June  24 
June     9 
June     1 
June  10 
June    2 
May   14 
May    30 
July   — 
July     3 
July     6 
July    13 

Withlacoochee  river,  Fia 

Skiff  and  flat 

Withlacoochee  river,  Fla 

Flat 

Sloop  boat  

White  House  

Sloop  

Sloop  

Charlotte  harbor,  Fla  
Rappahannock  river  

Lot  of  Merchandise. 
Dry-goods  and  shoes 

July  17 
July  20- 

July'8-9 
July    24 
July     8 
July     9 

Charles  county,  Md  
Dividing  creek,  Va  

Coast  of  Texas  

11  bbs.  of  turpentine 

Coast  of  Texas  

Schooner  and  launch 

June  22 
July   14 

s°^n    h       '  

June  24 
July   19 
July     8 

Sloop                    ... 

Sept.  28 
June  3o 
Oct.     - 

Oct.'      7 

Coast  of  Louisiana  

Off  Sabine  Pass  

Steamer... 

Dec.   31 

350 


VESSELS   CAPTURED   AND   DESTROYED 


Description. 

When 
cap- 
tured. 

Where  captured. 

By  what  vessel. 

Sloop  boat 

1863 
Dec.  14 
1864. 
Jan.     1 
Feb.     1 
Feb.   13 

Indian  river,  Fla  .  ....... 

Roebuck 

Nipsic 
Morse 

H 

II 
»> 

San  JacintO 
Queen 
Dragon 
Estrella 
Potomac  flotilla 
Commodore  Perry 

Morrell's  inlet,  S.  C  
York  river    . 

Twelve  oyster  boats. 
Boat  

•s  .. 

Mar.  11 
Feb.     8 
Feb.   23 
Mar.   28 
April  18 
May  15 

Lat.  24°  N.  ;  long.  83"  W. 
Caney  creek,  Texas  
Running  from  Va.  to  Md. 

Schooner  

Twenty  -two  boats.. 
Twenty-six  '     small 
boats. 

Up  the  Rappahannock..  . 

Seven  boats  (bldg.). 
Three  boats     .  .  . 

July     4 

Aug.     9 
Sept     2 
Oct.      4 

Mar.  11 
Mar.    11 

Lat.  27°  41'  N.  ;  long.  78° 
54'  W. 
Off  Charleston  

Magnolia 
Katskill 

Steamer......   ..... 

Sail-boat  

Potomac  river  

Twenty-two  boats.. 

Potomac  flotilla 
Pawnee's  launch 

Piankatank  river  

Mar.   16 

Pawnee  and  others 

Railroad  iron  

Mar.  21 

•  •••     »»             **"  

Bacon  

April  18 

Up  Rappahannock  

Potomac  flotilla 

"Wheat  

July   28 
June  30 

iSf:  24 

Nov.  21 
Oct.    24 

Nov.     6 

Nov.  29 
Dec.      3 
Dec.    27 
1865. 
Jan.   27 
Feb.     4 
Feb.   27 

Tobacco  

Gatesville,  N  C... 

"WTiitehead 
Glasgow 
W.  GK  B.  squadron 
Niphon 
Avenger 
Nita 
Rosalie 
Patapsco 

Itasca 
Emma  and  others 
Monticello 

Tno  and  Ariel 
"Wamsutta,  &c. 
Jonquil  and  others 

Mercury 
N.  A.  B.  squadron 

Mobile  

Four  scows  
Rifles  9           

Mobile  bay  

Masonboro'  inlet  

Rifles   &c         

Off  Little  Malco,  Fla.... 
Off  Charleston,  S.  C  

Decross's  Point,  Texas.. 
Off  Cape  Fear  river 

Schooner  

Boat 

Cargo  of  sloop,  name 
unknown. 
Rebel  torpedo  boat. 
3  rebel  torpedo  boats 

"Wando  river,  S.  C  

Charleston,  S.  C  

Iron,  cables,  anch'rs, 

&C. 

Wilmington,  N.  C  

"Windmill  Point,  Va  ..  .  . 
Richmond,  Va  

April    6 
April  - 

Machinery,  &c  

The  number  of  the  prizes  adjudicated  to  this  date  (Jan.  27, 
1867),  is  seven  hundred  and  thirty.   The  total  amount  of  money 


FOE   VIOLATION   OF   THE   BLOCKADE.  351 

involved — including  that  for  distribution  to  the  captors,  and 
that  which  is  passed  to  the  credit  of  the  United  States — is  about 
$25,000,000. 

Payment  has  already  been  made  to  nearly  ten  thousand 
different  claimants,  in  sums  varying  from  twenty-five  cents  to 
thirty -eight  thousand  dollars.  There  still  remain  to  be  adjudi- 
cated about  six  hundred  prizes,  the  most  of  which  will  probably 
be  condemned  and  the  proceeds  paid  to  the  captors. 


UNION  VESSELS  CAPTURED  OE  DESTROYED 


BY    THE 


DIFFERENT    CONFEDERATE    PRIVATEERS. 


BY  THE  ALABAMA. 

Name  of  Vessels.  Where  from.  Date  of  Capture.       Tons. 

Alert  bark New  London Sept.    9,  1862. . .  391 

Altamaha,  brig Sippican Sept.  13,  1862. . .  800 

Amanda,  bark Manilla Oct.     6,  18^3 . . .  595 

Amazonian,  bark New  York June    2,   1863 ...  481 

A.  P.  Schmidt,  ship  ...  St.  Thomas July    2,  1 863 . . .   784 

Ariel,  steamer New  York Dec.     7,  18H2...1295 

Avon,  ship Howland's  Island Mar.  29,  1864. . .   930 

B'n  de  Castine,  brig. . .  Castine Oct.    29,  1862 ...  267 

Benj.  Tucker,  ship New  Bedford Sept.  14,  1 862 ...   800 

B.  thayer,  ship Callao Mar.     1,  1863. . .   896 

Brilliant,  ship New  York Oct.      3,  1862. . .   839 

Charles  Hill,  ship Liverpool Nor.  25,  1 863 ...  699 

Cnastelain,  brig Guadaloupe Jan.   27,  1863 . . .   240 

Conrad,  bark Montevideo June  20,  1863  . . .  347 

Contest,  ship Yokohama Nov.  11,  1863. .  .1098 

Corsair,  schr Provincstown Sept.  13,  1862 . . .   200 

Crenshaw,  schr New  York   Oct.    23,   1862. ..   278 

Dorcas  Prince,  ship. .  .New  York April  26,  18K3...   699 

Dunkirk,  brig New  York Oct.    — ,  1863 ...   298 

E.  Dunbar,  bark New  Bedford Sept.  18,  1*62 ...  300 

E.  Farnham,  ship Portsmouth Oct.      3,   1862. .  .1119 

Emma  Jane,  ship Bombay Jan.   14,  1864. .  .1096 

Express,  ship Callao. July    6,  1S63. .  .1072 

Golden  Eagle,  ship Howland's  Island Feb.  21,  18r>3 . . .  r/78 

Golden  Rule,  bark New  York Jan.  26,  18H3. . .  250 

Har't  Spaulding,  bark  .  New  York. Nov.  1 8,  1863 . . .  299 

Hatteras,  gunboat Galveston Jan.  13,  1863 . . .   800 

Henrietta,  bark Baltimore ,  1863 ...  439 


THE   NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK.  353 


Name  of  Vessels.  Where  from.  Date  of  Capture.        Tons. 

Highlander,  ship Singapore Dec.  26,  1 863 ...  1 149 

Jabez  Snow,  ship New  York Mar.  25,  1863. .  .1070 

John  A.  Park,  ship New  York Mar.    2,  1863. .  J050 

Justina,  bark Rio  Janeiro May  25,  1863 ...   400 

Kate  Cory,  brig Westport April  15,  1863 ...   1  '25 

Kingfisher,  schr Fairhaven Mar.  23,  1863 . . .    125 

Lafayette,  ship New  York Oct.    23,  1862...   945 

Lafayette,  bark New  Bedford April  15,  1863 ...  300 

Lamplighter,  bark New  York Oct.    15,  1862 ...  279 

Loretta,  bark New  York. Oct.    28,  1862. . .   284 

Levi  Starbuck,  ship. .  .New  Bedford. Nov.    2,  1862 ...   376 

Louisa  Hatch,  ship. . . .  Cardiff ,  1863 ...   835 

Manchester,  ship New  York Oct.    11,  1862 . . .  1075 

Martha  Wenzell,  bark  .  Akyab Aug.    9,  1 1>63 . . .   578 

Martaban,  ship Maulmain Dec.  24,  1863 ...   807 

Morning  Star,  ship Calcutta Mar.  23,  1 863 ...  1 105 

Nora,  ship Liverpool Mar.  25,  1863. . .   800 

Nye,  bark New  Bedford April  24,  1863. . .   300 

Ocean  Rover,  bark Mattapoisett Sept.    8,  1862 ...   766 

Ocmulgee.  ship Edgartown Sept.    6,  1862..'   300 

Olive  Jane;  bark Bordeaux Feb.  21,  1863 . . .   300 

Oneida,  ship Shaughae April  24,  1863 ...   420 

Palmetto,  schr New  York Feb.     3,  1863...   172 

Parker  Cook,  bark Boston Nov.  30,  1862. . .   130 

Punjaub,  ship Calcutta Mar.  15,  1863 . . .   760 

Roekingham,  ship Callao April 23,  1864. ..  976 

Sea  Bride,  bark New  York Aug.    5,  1863 ...  447 

Sea  Lark,  ship Boston May     3,  1863...   974 

S.  Gildersleeve,  ship. .  .Sunderland May  25,  1863  :   .   847 

Sonora,  ship Singapore Dec.  26,  1863. . .   707 

Starlight,  schr Fayal Sept.    7,  1862. ..  205 

Talisman,  ship New  York June    5,  1863.  ..1239 

T.  R.  Wood,  ship Calcutta Nov.    8,  1863. . .  599 

Tonawanda,  ship Philadelphia Oct.      9,  1 862 ...  1300 

Tycoon,  bark New  York , 735 

Union  Jack,  bark New  York May     3,  1863 ...   300 

Virginia,  bark New  Bedford Sept.  17,  1863 ...   300 

Washington,  ship Callao Feb.  27,  1863. .  .1655 

Wave  Crest,  bark New  York Oct.     7,  1862 ...  409 

Weather  Gauge,  schr . .Provincetown Sept.    4,  1862. . .  200 

Winged  Racer,  ship. .  .Manilla Nov.  10,  1863 . . .  1767 

BY  THE  SHENANDOAH. 

Abigail,  bark. New  Bedford May  25,  1865. . .  375 

Adelaide,  bark Boston Oct.    13,  1864. . .  437 

Alina,  bark Newport,  Eng Oct.  — ,  1864. . .  470 


354  THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


Name  of  Vessels.  Where  from.  Date  of  Capture.      Tons. 

Brunswick,  bark. ....  .New  Bedford . June  — ,  1 8*5 . . .  226 

Catharine,  bark New  Bedford June  26,  1865 ...  226 

Charter  Oak,  schr Boston Oct.   — ,  1864 . . .  140 

Congress  2d,  bark New  Bedford June  28,  1865 ...  375 

Covington,  bark Warren,  R.  I June  28,  1865. . .  300 

Delphine,  bark London Jan.   13,  1865 ...  698 

D.  Godfrey,  bark Boston Dec.  — ,  1 864 .  . .  299 

Edward,  bark New  Bedford Dec.     4,  1864. ..  420 

Edward  Gary,  bark  . .  .San  Francisco April   1,  1865. . .  370 

Euphrates,  ship New  Bedford June  21,  1865 ...  597 

Favorite,  bark Fairhaven June  28,  1865 ...  360 

Gen.  Pike,  bark New  Bedford June  22,  1865 ...  425 

Gen.  Williams,  ship...  .New  London June  25,  1865. . .  469 

Gipsy,  bark .'New  Bedford June  26,  1865 ...  390 

Harvest,  bark Honolulu April   1,  1865. . .  350 

Hector,  ship New  Bedford. April   1,  1865 ...  

Hillman,  ship New  Bedford June  27,  1 865 ...  600 

Isabella,  bark New  Bedford June  27,  1865 ...  394 

I.  Rowland,  ship New  Bedford June  28,  1 865 ...  900 

James  Maury,  bark. .  .New  Bedford June  28,  1865 ...  400 

Jireh  Swift,  bark New  Bedford June  23,  1 865 ...  360 

Kate  Prince,  ship   Cardiff Nov.  12,  1864. . .  997 

Lizzie  M.  Stacy,  schr..  .Boston Nov.  13,  1864. . .  140 

Martha  2d,  bark -  New  Bedford June  28,  1865 . . .  298 

Milo,  ship New  Bedford. June  28,  1865 ...  500 

Nassau,  ship New  Bedford June  28,  1865 . . .  450 

Nile,  bark New  London June  22,  1865 ...  380 

Nimrod,  bark New  Bedford June  25,  1865 ...  840 

Pearl,  bark New  London April   1,  1865...  275 

Sophia  Thornton,  ship. New  Bedford June  23,  1865. . .  400 

Susan  Abigail,  bark. . .  San  Francisco June  23,  1 865 ...  159 

Susan,  brig San  Francisco June    4,  1865 . . .  

Waverley,  bark New  Bedford June  28,  1865 ...  450 

W.  Thompson,  ship. .  .New  Bedford June  22,  1885 ...  600 

Wm.  C.  Nye,  bark San  Francisco June  26,  1865 ...  388 


BY  THE  FLORIDA. 

Aldebaran,  schr New  Tork Mar.  13,  1863 ...   187 

Anglo  Saxon,  ship Liverpool Aug.  21,  1863. ..  868 

Arabella,  brig Aspinwall Jan.   12,  1 863 ...   291 

B.  F.  Hoxie,  ship Mazatlan June  16,  1 863 ...  1387 

Clarence,  brig Bahia ,  1863. . .  253 

Commonwealth,  ship  .  .New  York April  17,  1863. .  .1245 

Corris  Ann,  brig Philadelphia Jan.   22,  1 863 ...   235 

David  Lapsley,  bark. .  .Sombrero ,  . . .  289 

Electric  Spark,  str. . .  .New  York July  10,  1864 . . .  1400 


THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK.  355 


Name  of  Vessels.  Where  from.  Date  of  Capture.         Tons. 

Estella,  brig Manzanilla Jan.   17,   1863...  300 

F.  B  Cutting,  ship Liverpool Aug.    6,   1863   . .  796 

Geo.  Latimer,  schr Baltimore May  18,  . . .  198 

Gen.  Berry,  bark  , . .    .New  York July  10,  . . .  469 

Golconda,  bark Talcahuana July     8,  1 864 ...  331 

Greenland,  bark Philadelphia July     9,  1864. . .  549 

Har't  Stephens,  bark.  .Portland. ,  . . .  500 

J.  Jacob  Bell,  ship Foochow Feb.  12,  1863 . . .  1382 

Kate  Stewart,  schr Philadelphia June  — ,   1863 ...  387 

Lapwing,  bark Boston Mar.  27,  1 863 . . .  590 

Mary  Alvina,  brig Boston June  — ,   1863 . . .  266 

M.  A.  Schinler,  schr..  .Port  Royal June  12,  1863. . .  299 

Mary  Y.  Davis,  schr. .  .Port  Royal July    9,   1864. ..  270 

M.  J.  Colcord,  bark  . . .  New  York Mar.  30,  1 863 ..  374 

Moudamin,  bark Rio  Janeiro Sept.  — ,   1864. . .  386 

Red  Gauntlet,  ship Buena  Vista May  26,  1863. .  .1038 

Rienzi,  schr '.Province town July     7,  1863 ...  95 

Southern  Rights,  ship. Rangoon Aug.  22,  1863 . . .  830 

Southern  Cross Boston June    6,   1863. . .  938 

Star  of  Peace,  ship Calcutta. Mar.     6,  1863 ...  941 

Sunrise,  ship. New  York July  — ,   1863 ...  1174 

Tacony,  bark Port  Royal June  12,   1 863 ...  296 

Varnum  H.  Hill,  schr  .  Provincetown June  27,  1852 ...  90 

Wm.  B.  Nash,  brig....  New  York July     8,   1863...  299 

Wm.  C.  Clark,  brig.. .  .Machias,  Me June  17,  . . .  338 

Windward,  brig Matanzas Jan.   22,  1863 . . .  199 

Zealand,  bark New  Orleans June  10,  1864. . .  380 


BY  THE  SUMTER. 

Abbie  Bradford,  schr. . July  25,  1861 ...  180 

Albert  Adams,  brig. . .  .Cuba July     5,  1861 ...   192 

Alvarado,  bark Cape  Town June  — ,  1861 . . .  299 

Arcade,  schr Portland .Nov.  20,  1861 ...   122 

Benj.  Dunning,  brig. .  .Cuba July     5,  1861 . . .   284 

B.  F.  Martin,  brig Philadelphia -. June  16,  1861 ...   2y3 

California,  bark St.  Thomas ,  1861 ...   299 

Cuba,  brig .New York July     4,  1861...    199 

D.  Trowbridge,  schr. . .  New  York Oct.   27,  1 861 ...  200 

Eben  Dodge,  bark. New  Bedford.. Dec.     8,  1861 . . .  1222 

Glen,  bark Philadelphia July—,  1861...  287 

Golden  Rocket,  ship..  .Havana July  13,  1861 ...  608 

Henry  Nutt,  schr Key  West    .*. Aug.  — ,  1861 ...   235 

Jos.  Maxwell,  bark Philadelphia July  27,  1861 ...  295 

Joseph  Parks,  brig. ..  .Pernambuco Dec.  25,  1861...   300 

J.  S.  Harris,  ship Cuba ,  18fil ...  800 

Louisa  Kilham,  bark  .  .Cieufuegos July    6,  1861 ...  468 


356  THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


Name  of  Vessels.  Where  from.  Date  of  Capture.         Tons. 

Machias,  brig July    4,  1862 ...   250 

Naiad,  brig. July     6,  1861 . . .   390 

N.  Chase,  schr New  York Sept.  — ,  1861. . .   150 

Neapolitan,  bark Messina Feb.  — ,  1 862 ...  3-22 

Ocean  Eagle Rockland Feb.  — ,  1861 ...   290 

Santa  Clara,  brig Porto  Rico Feb.  — ,  1 861 ...    1 89 

Sebasticook,  ship Liverpool Feb.  — ,  1861 ...   549 

Vigilant,  ship New  York Dec.     3,  1861 ...    650 

West  Wind,  bark New  York July    6,  1861 ...  429 

W.  S.  Robins,  bark Arroya June  — ,  1861 . . .  460 


BY  THE  TALLAHASSEE. 

Adriatic,  ship .London Aug.  12,  1863 . . .  998 

A.  Richards,  brig Glace  Bay,  C.  B Aug.  11,  1 8fi3 . . .  240 

Arcole,  ship New  Orleans Nov.    3,  1863 ...  663 

Atlantic,  schr Addison,  Me ,  . . .  240 

Bay  State,  bark Alexandria,  Ya Aug.  11,  1863 ...  199 

Billow,  brig.. Calais,  Me Aug.  10,  1863...  173 

Carrie  Estelle,  brig Machias,  Me Aug.  11,  1864. . .  200 

Castine,  ship Callao Jan.  25,   1863. . .  962 

Coral  Wreath,  brig Aug.  1 1,  1863 ...  260 

Etta  Caroline,  str Aug.  10,  1868. . .  175 

Flora  Reed,  schr Aug.  15,   1863 ...  150 

Glenhaven,  bark Glasgow Aug.  13,  1863. . .  795 

Goodspeed,  schr Boston Nov.    2,  1864. . .  280 

Howard,  bark Aug.  15,  1864. . .  598 

Jas  Litt'efleld,  ship... . Cardiff Aug.  14,  1864. . .  599 

J.  H.  Howen,  schr Gloucester Aug.  14,  1864. . .  81 

L.  Dupont,  schr Wilmington,  Del Aug.  13,  1864. . .  194 

Magnolia,  schr.. . Aug.  15,  1864. . .  170 

Mercy  Howe,  schr Chatham Aug.  15,  1 864 ...  143 

N.  America,  schr Connecticut ,  1864. . .  95 

P.  C.  Alexander,  bark.. New  York ,  1864. ..  284 

Pearl,  schr Aug.  16,  . . .  183 

Rasselas,  schr Boothbay,  Me Aug.  23,  1863 ...  90 

Roan,  brig Salisbury Aug.  20,  1864. . .  127 

S.  A.  Boyce,  schr Boston Aug.  11,  1864. . .  220 

Sarah  Louisa,  schr ,  1864. . .  61 

Spokane,  schr Calais,  Me Aug.  12,  1864. . .  126 


BY  THE  TACONY. 

Ada,  schr Gloucester. June  23,  1 863 ...  90 

Arabella,  brig Gloucester June  12,  1863 ...  200 

Archer,  schr Gloucester June  24,  1863 ...  100 


THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


357 


Name  of  Vessels.  "Where  from.  Date  of  Capture.         Tons. 

Byzantium,  ship London June  16,  1863. .  .1048 

Elizabeth  Ann,  schr. . . Gloucester June  22,  1863. ..   100 

Florence,  schr Gloucester June  22,  1 863 ...   2<  '0 

Goodspeed,  bark Londonderry June  23,  1863 ...  629 

Isaac  Webb,  ship Liverpool June  20,  1863. .  .1300 

L.  A.  Macomber,  schr..Noank June  20,  1863. . .   100 

Ma-engo,  schr Gloucester June  22,  1863...   200 

Ripple,  schr Gloucester June  22,  1863...   150 

Rulus  Choate Gloucester June  22,  1863...   100 

Shattemuc,   ship Liverpool June  24,  1863...  849 

Umpire,  brig Laguna June  15,  1863...   196 

"Wanderer,  schr Gloucester June  22,  1863 ...   125 

BY  THE  CLARENCE. 

A.  H.  Partridge,  schr. . Gloucester June    7,  1863 ...  100 

C.  Gushing,  cutter Portland Juue  24,  1863. ..   150 

Whistling  Wind,  bark..  Philadelphia June    6,  1863...  349 

BY  THE  SALLIE. 

Betsey  Ames,  brig Cuba Oct.  — ,  1 861 ...   265 

Grenada,  brig Neuvitas. Oct.    13,  1861 ...  255 

BY  THE  GEORGIA. 

Bold  Hunter,  ship Dundee Dec.     9,  1863...  797 

City  of  Bath,  ship Callao June  28,  1863...     79 

Constitution,  ship Philadelphia June  25,   1863. . .     97 

Crown  Point,  ship. ...New  York May  15,   1863. ..1053 

Dictator,   ship   Liverpool April  25,  1863 ...  1293 

Geo.  Griswold,  ship. .  .Cardiff June  18,  1863. .  .1280 

Good  Hope,  bark Boston June  22,   1 863 ...   436 

John  Watt,  ship Maulmain Oct.  — ,  1863. ..   947 

J.  W.  Seaver,  bark ...  Boston June  22,  1863...   340 

Prince  of  Wales,  ship.  .Callao July  16,  1863 . . .  960 

BY  THE  JEFF  DAYIS. 

D.  C.  Pierce,  bark Remedios June  — ,  1861. . .  806 

Ella,  schr Tampico ,  1861...     92 

Enchantress,  schr Boston July  16,  1861 ...   200 

Jno.  Crawford,  ship.. .  .Philadelphia Aug.  — ,   1861 ...  

John  Welsh,  brig Trinidad July  16,  1861 ...   275 


358  THE   NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

Name  of  Vessels.  'Where  from.  Date  of  Capture.         Tona. 

Rowena,  bark Laguayra June  — ,  1861 . . .  340 

S.  J.  Waring,  schr New  York July  16,  1861...   372 

W.  McGilvery,  brig. .  .Cardenas July  —  1861 ...   198 

BY  THE  WINSLOW. 

Herbert,  schr June  18,  1861...   100 

Itasca,  brig Neuvitas Aug.    4,  1861...   300 

Mary  Alice,  schr Porto  Rico July  — ,  1861. . .   181 

Priscilla,  schr Cura9oa July  — ,  1861 . . .   144 

Transit,  schr New  London July  15,  1861 . . .  195 

BY  THE  CHICKAMAUaA. 

Albion  Lincoln,  bark.  .Portland Oct.    29,  1864. . .   237 

Emma  L/Hall,  bark..  .Cardenas Oct.    31,  1864. . .  492 

Mark  L.  Potter,  bark. .  .Bangor Oct.    30,  1864. . .  400 

Shooting  Star,  ship New  York Oct.    31,  1864. . .   957 


BY  THE  OLUSTEE. 

A.  J.  Bird,  schr Rockland Nov.  3,  1864...  178 

Empress  Teresa,  bark. . Rio  Janeiro Nov.  1,  1864. . .  316 

E.  F.  Lewis,  schr.. Portland Nov.  3,   1864. . .  197 

T.  D.  Wagner,  brig Fort  Monroe Nov.  3,  1864. . .  390 


BY  THE  RETRIBUTION. 

Emily  Fisher,  brig St.  Jago Mar.  —,  1863 ...  230 

Hanoyer,  schr Boston , Jan.    81,  1863...  2oO 

J.  P.  Ellicott,  brig. Boston Jan.    10,  1863. . .  231 


BY  THE  ST.  NICHOLAS. 

Mary  Pierce,  schr Boston July     1,  1862. . .  192 

Margaret,  schr July  29,  1862. ..  206 

Mo'nticello,  brig. Rio  Janeiro July     1,  1862. . .  300 


BY  THE  CALHOUN. 

John  Adams,  schr Provincetown May  — ,  1861. . .  100 

Mermaid,  schr Provincetown May  — ,  18til . . .  200 

Panama,    brig Provincetown.. May  29,  1861...  153 


THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK.  '  359 


BY  THE  NASHYILLE. 

Name  of  Vessels.  Where  from.  Date  of  Capture.        Tons. 

Harvey  Birch,  ship Havre Nov.  19,  1862. . .   800 

R.  Gilfillan,  sclir Philadelphia Feb.  26,  1862. . .  240 

BY  THE  BOSTON. 

Lenox,  bark New  York June  12,  1863...  370 

Texana,  bark New  York June  12,  1863. . .  588 

BY  THE  SAYANNAH. 
Joseph,  brig Cardenas June  15,  1861 ...   171 

BY  THE  LAPWING. 
Elate Dywer,  ship Callao June  17,  1863.  ..1278 

BY  THE  ECHO. 

M.  E.  Thompson,  brig.. July     9,  1862. . .  210 

Mary  Goodell,  scbr July     9,  1862...  200 

BY  THE  YORK. 
G.  Y.  Boker,  schr Galveston Aug.    9,  1861 ...   100 

BY  THE  CONRAD.   , 
Santee,  ship Akyab Aug.    5,  1863. . .  898 

BY  THE  TUSCARORA 
Living  Age,  ship Akyab Sept.  13,  1863. .  .1193 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

A.  B.  Thompson,  ship. .Savannah May  19,  1861...   800 

Alleghanian,  ship.    ...Baltimore Oct.   21,  1862... 1142 

Alliance,  schr Philadelphia Sept.  — ,  1863. ..   190 

Boston,  tug June    9,  1863. . .   100 


360  THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

Name  of  Vessels.  Where  from.  Date  of  Capture.        Tons. 

Chesapeake,   steamer.  .New  York Dec.     7,   1863...  4«0 

Golden  Bod,  schr Holmes'  Hole Sept.  — ,   1863. ..  130 

Hannah  Balch,  brig.  ..Cardenas July    6,1862...  149 

Harriet  Lane,  wucbt. .  .Gal veston Jan.   11,  1863...  325 

James  L.  Gerity Matamoros Oct.    — ,  1863...  90 

J.  R.  Watson,  scbr. . .  .New  York July  13,    1861. . .  200 

Lydia  Francis,  brig July  15,  1862. . .  262 

Pearl,  schr Moriches — ,   1862...  183 

Protector,  schr Cuba June  — ,   1861 . . .  200 

Sea  Bird,  sch Philadelphia ,  1863...  200 

Sea  Witch,  schr Baracoa ,  1861 ...  95 

Union,  schr Baltimore Dec.     5,  1862...  115 

— From  the  Commercial  and  Financial  Chronicle. 


RECONSTRUCTION   MEASURES   OF   CONGRESS.        361 


RECONSTRUCTION  MEASURES  OF  CONGRESS. 


BECONSTBUCTION  ACT  OF  THE  THIRTY-NINTH   CONGRESS,   OF  MARCH 
2,   1867. 

THE  bill  passed  the  House  on  February  20,  1867, 
by  the  following  vote — yeas  128,  nays  46.  The 
Senate  passed  the  bill  on  the  same  day — yeas  35, 
nays  7.  The  bill  was  vetoed  on  March  2.  Both 
Houses  of  Congress  re-passed  it  on  the  same  day,  the 
House  by  a  vote  of  yeas  138,  nays  51 ;  the  Senate 
by  a  vote  of  yeas  38,  nays  10. 

AN  ACT  to  provide  efficient  Government  for  the   Insurrec- 
tionary States. 

Wherea-s,  No  legal  State  governments  or  adequate 
protection  for  life  or  property  now  exist  in  the  Rebel 
States  of  Yirginia,  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina, 
Georgia,  Alabama,  Mississippi,  Louisiana,  Florida, 

Texas,  and  Arkansas  ;  and 

16 


362  THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK.     v 

Whereas,  It  is  necessary  that  peace  and  good  order 
should  be  enforced  in  said  States  until  loyal  and 
republican  State  governments  can  be  legally  estab- 
lished; therefore 

Be  it  enacted^  etc.,  That  said  Rebel  States  shall  be 
divided  into  military  districts  and  made  subject  to 
the  military  authority  of  the  United  States,  as  here- 
inafter mentioned;  and  for  that  purpose  Yirginia 
shall  constitute  the  First  District;  North  Carolina 
and  South  Carolina  the  Second  District ;  Georgia, 
Alabama,  and  Florida  the  Third  District ;  Mississippi 
and  Arkansas  the  Fourth  District,  and  Louisiana  and 
Texas  the  Fifth  District. 

SEC.  2.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  President 
to  assign  to  the  command  of  each  of  said  districts  an 
officer  of  the  army  not  below  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general,  and  to  detail  a  sufficient  military  force  to 
enable  such  officer  to  perform  his  duties  and  enforce 
his  authority  within  the  district  to  which  he  is  as- 
signed. 

SEC.  3.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  each  officer 
assigned  as  aforesaid  to  protect  all  persons  in  their 
rights  of  person  and  property,  to  suppress  insurrec- 
tion, disorder,  and  violence,  and  to  punish  or  cause 
to  be  punished  all  disturbers  of  the  public  peace  and 
criminals  ;  and  to  this  end  he  may  allow  local  civil 
tribunals  to  take  jurisdiction  of  and  try  offenders,  or, 


RECONSTRUCTION  MEASURES   OF   CONGRESS.       363 

when  in  his  judgment  it  may  be  necessary  for  the 
trial  of  offenders,  he  shall  have  power  to  organize 
military  committees  or  tribunals  for  that  purpose ; 
and  all  interference,  under  color  of  State  authority, 
with  the  exercise  of  military  authority  under  this 
act,  shall  be  null  and  void. 

SEC.  4.  That  all  persons  put  under  military  arrest 
by  virtue  of  this  act  shall  be  tried  without  unneces- 
sary delay,  and  no  cruel  or  unusual  punishment  shall 
be  inflicted ;  and  no  sentence  of  any  military  commis-. 
sion  or  tribunal  hereby  authorized,  affecting  the  life 
or  liberty  of  any  person,  shall  be  executed  until  it  is 
approved  by  the  officer  in  command  of  the  district ; 
and  the  laws  and  regulations  for  the  government  of 
the  army  shall  not  be  affected  by  this  act,  except  in 
so  far  as  they  may  conflict  with  its  provisions. 

Provided,  That  no  sentence  of  death  under  this 
act  shall  be  carried  into  execution  without  the  ap- 
proval of  the  President. 

SEC.  5.  When  the  people  of  any  one  of  said  Rebel 
States  shall  have  formed  a  constitution  and  govern- 
ment in  conformity  with  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States  in  all  respects,  framed  by  a  convention 
of  delegates  elected  by  the  male  citizens  of  said  State 
twenty-one  years  old  and  upward,  of  whatever  race, 
color,  or  previous  condition,  who  have  been  resident 
in  said  State  for  one  year  previous  to  the  day  of  such 


364  THE   NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

election,  except  such  as  may  be  disfranchised  for 
participation  in  the  Rebellion  or  for  felony  at  com- 
mon law ;  and  when  such  constitution  shall  provide 
that  the  elective  franchise  shall  be  enjoyed  by  all 
such  persons  as  have  the  qualifications  herein  stated 
for  electors  of  delegates  ;  and  when  such  constitution 
shall  be  ratified  by  a  majority  of  the  persons  voting 
on  the  question  of  ratification  who  are  qualified  as 
electors  for  delegates;  and  when  such  constitution 
shall  have  been  submitted  to  Congress  for  examina- 
tion and  approval,  and  Congress  shall  have  approved 
the  same;  and  when  said  State  by  a  vote  of  its 
Legislature,  elected  under  said  constitution,  shall 
have  adopted  the  amendment  to  the  Constitution  of 
the  United  States  proposed  by  the  Thirty-ninth  Con- 
gress, and  known  as  Article  14 ;  and  when  said  arti- 
cle shall  have  become  part  of  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States,  said  State  shall  be  declared  entitled 
to  representation  in  Congress,  and  senators  and  rep- 
resentatives shall  be  admitted  therefrom  on  their 
taking  the  oath  prescribed  by  law,  and  then  and 
thereafter  the  preceding  sections  of  this  act  shall  be 
inoperative  in  said  State. 

Provided^  That  no  person  excluded  from  the 
privilege  of  holding  office  by  said  proposed  amend- 
ment to  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  shall 
be  eligible  to  election  as  a  member  of  the  convention 


RECONSTRUCTION   MEASURES   OF   CONGRESS.        365 

to  frame  a  constitution  for  any  of  said  Rebel  States, 
nor  shall  any  such  person  vote  for  members  of  such 
convention. 

SEC.  6.  Until  the  people  of  the  said  Rebel  States 
shall  by  law  be  admitted  to  representation  to  the 
Congress  of  the  United  States,  all  civil  governments 
that  may  exist  therein  shall  be  deemed  provisional 
only,  and  shall  be  in  all  respects  subject  to  the  para- 
mount authority  of  the  United  States,  at  any  time  to 
abolish,  modify,  control,  and  supersede  the  same,  and 
in  all  elections  to  any  office  under  such  provisional 
governments  all  persons  shall  be  entitled  to  vote 
under  the  provisions  of  the  fifth  section  of  this  act. 
And  no  person  shall  be  eligible  to  any  office  under 
such  provisional  governments  who  would  be  dis- 
qualified from  holding  office  under  the  provisions  of 

the  third  article  of  said  Constitutional  amendment. 

* 

[This  bill  was  passed  over  the  President's  veto  on 
March  2,  1867.] 

SUPPLEMENTAL  RECONSTRUCTION  ACT  OF  FORTIETH  CONGRESS,    OF 
MARCH   23,    1867. 

A  reconstruction  bill,  supplementary  to  the  above 
act  of  March  2,  passed  both  Houses  of  Congress  on 
March  19.  It  was  vetoed  on  March  23.  On  the 
same  day  the  House  repassed  it  by  a  vote  of  yeas 
114  (all  Republicans),  nays  25  (all  Democrats),  and 


366          THE  NATIONAL  HAND-BOOK. 

the  Senate  by  a  vote  of  yeas  40  (all  Republicans  ex- 
cept Johnson  of  Md.),  and  nays  7  (all  Democrats). 

The  following  are  the  main  provisions  of  this 
act : 

Before  Sept.  1,  1867,  the  commanding-general  in 
each  district,  defined  by  an  act  entitled  "  An  Act  to 
provide  for  the  more  efficient  government  of  the  Rebel 
States,"  passed  March  2,  1867,  shall  cause  a  regis- 
tration to  be  made  of  the  male  citizens  of  the  United 
States,  21  years  of  age  and  upwards,  resident  in  each 
county  or  parish  in  the  State  or  States  included  in 
his  district,  which  registration  shall  include  only 
those  persons  who  are  qualified  to  vote  for  delegates 
by  the  act  aforesaid,  and  who  shall  have  taken  and 
subscribed  the  following  oath  or  affirmation :  "  I, 

,  do  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm),  in  the  presence 

of  Almighty  God,  that  I  am  a  citizen  of  the  State 

of ;  that  I  have  resided  in  said  State  for 

months  next  preceding  this  day,  and  now  reside  in 

the  county  of ,  or  the  parish  of ,  in  said 

State  (as  the  case  may  be) ;  that  I  am  twenty-one 
years  old;  that  I  have  not  been  disfranchised  for 
participation  in  any  rebellion  or  civil  war  against 
the  United  States,  nor  for  felony  committed  against 
the  laws  of  any  State  or  of  the  United  States  ;  that 
I  have  never  been  a  member  of  any  State  Legisla- 
ture, nor  held  any  executive  or  judicial  office  in  any 


RECONSTRUCTION   MEASURES   OF   CONGRESS.        367 

State,  and  afterward  engaged  in  insurrection  or  re- 
bellion against  the  United  States,  or  given  aid  or 
comfort  to  the  enemies  thereof;  that  I  have  never 
taken  an  oath  as  a  member  of  Congress  of  the 
United  States,  or  as  an  officer  of  the  United  States, 
or  as  a  member  of  any  State  Legislature,  or  as  an 
executive  or  judicial  officer  of  any  State,  to  support 
the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  afterward 
engaged  in  insurrection  or  rebellion  against  the 
United  States,  or  given  aid  or  comfort  to  the  en- 
emies thereof;  that  I  will  faithfully  support  the 
Constitution  and  obey  the  laws  of  the  United  States, 
and  will,  to  the  best  of  my  ability,  encourage  others 
so  to  do,  so  help  me  God;"  which  oath  or  affir- 
mation may  be  administered  by  any  registering 
officer. 

SEC.  2.  After  the  completion  of  the  registration 
hereby  provided  for  in  any  State,  at  such  time  and 
places  therein  as  the  commanding-general  shall  ap- 
point and  direct,  of  which  at  least  thirty  days'  public 
notice  shall  be  given,  an  election  shall  be  held  of 
delegates  to  a  convention  for  the  purpose  of  estab- 
lishing a  constitution  and  civil  government  for  such 
State  loyal  to  the  Union,  said  convention  in  each 
State,  except  Virginia,  to  consist  of  the  same  num- 
ber of  members  as  the  most  numerous  branch  of  the 
State  Legislature  of  such  State  in  the  year  1860,  to 


368          THE  NATIONAL  HAND-BOOK. 

be  apportioned  among  the  several  districts,  counties, 
or  parishes  of  such  State  by  the  commanding-gen- 
eral, giving  to  each  representation  in  the  ratio  of 
voters  registered  as  aforesaid,  as  nearly  as  may  be. 
The  convention  in  Virginia  shall  consist  of  the 
same  number  of  members  as  represented  the  terri- 
tory now  constituting  Virginia  in  the  most  numerous 
branch  of  the  Legislature  of  said  State  in  the  year 
1860,  to  be  apportioned  as  aforesaid. 

SEC.  3.  At  said  election  the  registered  voters  of 
each  State  shall  vote  for  or  against  a  convention  to 
form  a  constitution  therefor  under  this  act.  The 
person  appointed  to  superintend  said  election,  and  to 
make  return  of  the  votes  given  thereat,  as  herein 
provided,  shall  count  and  make  return  of  the  votes 
given  for  and  against  a  convention ;  and  the  com- 
manding-general to  whom  the  same  shall  have  been 
returned,  shall  ascertain  and  declare  the  total  vote 
in  each  State  for  and  against  a  convention.  If  a 
majority  of  the  votes  given  on  that  question  shall  be 
for  a  convention,  then  such  convention  shall  be  held 
as  hereinafter  provided;  but  if  a  majority  of  said 
votes  shall  be  against  a  convention,  then  no  such 
convention  shall  be  held  under  this  act :  Provided, 
that  such  convention  shall  not  be  held  unless  a  ma- 
jority of  all  such  registered  voters  shall  have  voted 
on  the  question  of  holding  such  convention. 


RECONSTRUCTION   MEASURES   OF    CONGRESS.        369 

SEC.  4.  The  commanding-general  of  each  district 
shall  appoint  as  many  boards  of  registration  as  may 
be  necessary,  consisting  of  three  loyal  officers  or  per- 
sons, to  make  and  complete  the  registration,  super- 
intend the  election,  and  make  return  to  him  of  the 
votes,  lists  of  voters,  and  of  the  persons  elected  as 
delegates  by  a  plurality  of  the  votes  cast  at  said 
election  ;  and  upon  receiving  said  returns  he  shall 
open  the  same,  ascertain  the  persons  elected  as  dele- 
gates according  to  the  returns  of  the  officers  who 
conducted  said  election,  and  make  proclamation 
thereof;  and  if  a  majority  of  the  votes  given  on 
that  question  shall  be  for  a  convention,  the  com- 
manding-general, within  sixty  days  from  the  date 
of  election,  shall  notify  the  delegates  to  assemble  in 
convention,  at  a  time  and  place  to  be  mentioned  in 
the  notification,  and  said  convention,  when  organ- 
ized, shall  proceed  to  frame  a  constitution  and  civil 
government  according  to  the  provisions  of  this  act 
and  the  act  to  which  it  is  supplementary ;  and  when 
the  same  shall  have  been  so  framed,  said  constitution 
shall  be  submitted  by  the  convention  for  ratification 
to  the  persons  registered  under  the  provisions  of  this 
act  at  an  election  to  be  conducted  by  the  officers  or 
persons  appointed  or  to  be  appointed  by  the  com- 
manding-general, as  hereinbefore  provided,  and  to 

be  held  after  the  expiration  of  thirty  days  from  the 
16* 


370  THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

date  of  notice  thereof,  to  be  given  by  said  conven- 
tion ;  and  the  returns  thereof  shall  be  made  to  the 
commanding-general  of  the  district. 

SEC.  5.  That  if,  according  to  said  returns,  the 
constitution  shall  be  ratified  by  a  majority  of  the 
votes  of  the  registered  electors  qualified  as  herein 
specified,  cast  at  said  election  (at  least  one-half  of 
all  the  registered  voters  voting  upon  the  question  of 
such  ratification),  the  president  of  the  convention 
shall  transmit  a  copy  of  the  same,  duly  certified,  to 
the  President  of  the  United  States,  who  shall  forth- 
with transmit  the  same  to  Congress,  if  then  in  ses- 
sion, and  if  not  in  session,  then  immediately  upon 
its  next  assembling ;  and  if  it.  shall,  moreover,  ap- 
pear to  Congress,  that  the  election  was  one  at  which 
all  the  registered  and  qualified  electors  in  the  State 
had  an  opportunity  to  vote  freely  and  without  re- 
straint, fear,  or  the  influence  of  fraud,  and  if  the 
Congress  shall  be  satisfied  that  such  constitution 
meets  the  approval  of  a  majority  of  all  the  qualified 
electors  in  the  State,  and  if  the  said  constitution 
shall  be  declared  by  Congress  to  be  in  conformity 
with  the  provisions  of  the  act  to  which  this  is  sup- 
plementary, and  the  other  provisions  of  said  act 
shall  have  been  complied  with,  and  the  said  consti- 
tution shall  be  approved  by  Congress,  the  State  shall 
be  declared  entitled  to  representation,  and  Senators 


RECONSTRUCTION  MEASURES   OF   CONGRESS.        371 

and  Representatives  shall  be  admitted  therefrom  as 
therein  provided. 

SEC.  6.  All  elections  in  the  States  mentioned 
in  the  said  "  Act  to  provide  for  the  more  efficient 
government  of  the  rebel  States,"  shall,  during  the 
operation  of  said  act,  be  by  ballot ;  and  all  officers 
making  the  said  registration  of  voters  and  conduct- 
ing said  elections  shall,  before  entering  upon  the 
discharge  of  their  duties,  take  and  subscribe  the 
oath  prescribed  by  the  act  approved  July  2,  1862, 
entitled  "  An  Act  to  prescribe  an  oath  of  office : " 
Provided,  That  if  any  person  shall  knowingly  and 
falsely  take  and  subscribe  any  oath  in  this  act  pre- 
scribed, such  person  so  offending  and  being  thereof 
duly  convicted,  shall  be  subject  to  the  pains,  penal- 
ties, and  disabilities  which  by  law  are  provided  for 
the  punishment  of  the  crime  of  wilful  and  corrupt 
perjury. 

SUPPLEMENTARY    RECONSTRUCTION    ACT  OP    FORTIETH    CONGRESS,   OP 
JULY  19,  1867. 

A  reconstruction  bill,  supplementary  to  the  two 
preceding  acts,  passed  both  Houses  of  Congress,  on 
July  13.  It  was  vetoed  by  the  President  on  July 
19,  but  on  the  same  day  repassed  by  both  Houses 
over  the  veto.  The  vote  in  the  Senate  stood — yeas 
30  (all  Rep.),  nays  6  (all  Dem.);  in  the  House— 


372  THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

yeas  100  (all  Rep.),  nays  22  (all  Dem.).  The  bill  is 
as  follows : 

SECTION  1.  That  it  is  hereby  declared  to  have  been 
the  true  intent  and  meaning  of  the  act  of  the  2d  day 
of  March,  1867,  entitled  "An  Act  to  provide  for  the 
more  efficient  government  of  the  rebel  States,"  and 
the  act  supplementary  thereto,  passed  the  23d  of 
March,  1867,  that  the  governments  then  existing  in 
the  rebel  States  of  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  South 
Carolina,  Georgia,  Mississippi,  Alabama,  Louisiana, 
Florida,  Texas,  and  Arkansas,  were  not  legal  State 
governments,  and  that  thereafter  said  governments, 
if  continued,  were  to  be  continued  subject  in  all  re- 
spects to  the  military  commanders  of  the  respective 
districts,  and  to  the  paramount  authority  of  Con- 
gress. 

SEC.  2.  That  the  commander  of  any  district 
named  in  said  act  shall  have  power,  subject  to  the 
disapproval  of  the  general  of  the  army  of  the  United 
States,  and  to  have  effect  until  disapproved,  when- 
ever, in  the  opinion  of  such  commander,  the  proper 
administration  of  said  act  shall  require  it,  to  sus- 
pend or  remove  from  office,  or  from  the  performance 
of  official  duties,  and  the  exercise  of  official  powers, 
any  officer  or  person  holding  or  exercising,  or  pro- 
fessing to  hold  or  exercise,  any  civil  or  military 
office  or  duty  in  such  district,  under  any  power, 


RECONSTRUCTION   MEASURES   OF   CONGRESS.        373 

election,  appointment,  or  authority  derived  from,  or 
granted  by,  or  claimed  under,  any  so-called  State, 
or  the  government  thereof,  or  any  municipal  or 
other  division  thereof,  and  upon  such  suspension  or 
removal  such  commander,  subject  to  the  approval 
of  the  general  as  aforesaid,  shall  have  power  to  pro- 
vide from  time  to  time  for  the  performance  of  the 
said  duties  of  such  officer  or  person  so  suspended  or 
removed,  by  the  detail  of  some  competent  officer  or 
soldier  of  the  army,  or  by  the  appointment  of  some 
other  person  to  perform  the  same,  and  to  fill  vacan- 
cies occasioned  by  death,  resignation,  or  otherwise. 

SEC.  3.  That  the  general  of  the  army  of  the 
United  States  shall  be  invested  with  all  the  powers 
of  suspension,  removal,  appointment,  and  detaching 
granted  in  the  preceding  section  to  district  com- 
manders. 

SEC.  4.  That  the  acts  of  the  officers  of  the  army, 
already  done  in  removing  in  said  districts  persons 
exercising  the  functions  of  civil  officers,  and  ap- 
pointing others  in  their  stead,  are  hereby  confirmed ; 
provided,  that  any  persons  heretofore  or  hereafter 
appointed  by  any  district  commander  to  exercise  the 
functions  of  any  civil  office  may  be  removed  either 
by  the  military  officer  in  command  of  the  district  or 
by  the  general  of  the  army,  and  it  shall  be  the  duty 
of  such  commander  to  remove  from  office,  as  afore- 


374  THE  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

said,  all  persons  who  are  disloyal  to  the  Govern- 
ment of  the  United  States,  or  who  use  then*  offi- 
cial influence  in  any  manner  to  hinder,  delay,  pre- 
vent, or  obstruct  the  due  and  proper  administration 
of  this  act  and  the  acts  to  which  it  is  supplement- 
ary. 

SEC.  5.  That  the  boards  of  registration  provided 
for  in  the  act  entitled  "  An  Act  supplementary  to  an 
act  entitled  *  An  Act  to  pro  vide  for  the  more  efficient 
government  of  the  rebel  States,'  passed  March  2, 
1867,  and  to  facilitate  restoration,"  passed  March 
23,  1867,  shall  have  power,  and  it  shall  be  their 
duty,  before  allowing  the  registration  of  any  person, 
to  ascertain,  upon  such  facts  or  information  as  they 
can  obtain,  whether  such  person  is  entitled  to  be 
registered  under  said  act.  and  the  oath  required  by 
said  act  shall  not  be  conclusive  on  such  question; 
and  no  person  shall  be  registered  unless  such  board 
shall  decide  that  he  is  entitled  thereto;  and  such 
board  shall  also  have  power  to  examine  under  oath, 
to  be  administered  by  any  member  of  such  board, 
any  one  touching  the  qualification  of  any  person 
claiming  registration ;  but  in  every  case  of  refusal 
by  the  board  to  register  an  applicant,  and  in  every 
case  of  striking  his  name  from  the  list,  as  herein- 
after provided,  the  board  shall  make  a  note  or  mem- 
orandum, which  shall  be  returned  with  the  registra- 


RECONSTRUCTION  MEASURES   OF   CONGRESS.        375 

tion  list  to  the  commanding-general  of  the  district, 
setting  forth  the  ground  of  such  refusal  or  such 
striking  from  the  list ;  provided,  that  no  person  shall 
be  disqualified  as  a  member  of  any  board  of  regis- 
tration by  reason  of  race  or  color. 

SEC.  6.  That  the  true  intent  and  meaning  of 
the  oath  presented  in  said  supplementary  acts  is 
(among  other  things)  that  no  person  who  has  been  a 
member  of  the  Legislature  of  any  State,  or  who  has 
held  any  executive  or  judicial  office  in  any  State, 
whether  he  has  taken  an  oath  to  support  the  Consti- 
tution of  the  United  States  or  not,  and  whether  he 
was  holding  such  office  at  the  commencement  of  the 
rebellion  or  had  held  it  before,  and  who  has  after- 
wards engaged  in  insurrection  or  rebellion  against 
the  United  States  or  given  aid  or  comfort  to  the 
enemies  thereof,  is  entitled  to  be  registered  or  to 
vote ;  and  the  words  "  executive  or  judicial "  office 
in  any  State,  in  said  oath  mentioned,  shall  be  con- 
strued to  include  all  civil  offices  created  by  law  for 
the  administration  of  any  general  law  of  a  State  or 
for  the  administration  of  justice. 

SEC.  7.  That  the  time  for  completing  the  origi- 
nal registration  provided  for  in  any  act  may,  in  the 
discretion  of  the  commander  of  any  district,  be  ex- 
tended to  the  1st  day  of  October,  1867;  and  the 
board  of  registration  shall  have  power,  and  it  shall 


376  THE   NATIONAL    HAND-B  >OK. 

be  their  duty,  commencing  fourteen  days  prior  to 
any  election  under  said  act,  and  upon  reasonable 
public  notice  of  the  time  and  place  thereof,  to  revise 
for  a  period  of  five  days  the  registration  lists,  and 
upon  being  satisfied  that  any  person  not  entitled 
thereto  has  been  registered,  to-  strike  the  name  of 
such  person  from  the  list,  and  such  person  shall  not 
be  allowed  to  vote.  And  such  board  shall  also,  dur- 
ing the  same  period,  add  to  each  registry  the  names 
of  all  persons  who  at  that  time  possess  the  qualifica- 
tions required  by  said  act,  who  have  not  been  al- 
ready registered,  and  no  person  shall  at  any  time 
be  entitled  to  be  registered  or  to  vote  by  reason 
of  any  executive  pardon  or  amnesty,  for  any 
act  or  thing  which,  without  such  pardon  or  am- 
nesty, would  disqualify  him  from  registration  or 
voting. 

SEC.  8.  That  all  members  of  said  boards  of  reg- 
istration, and  all  'persons  hereafter  elected  or  ap- 
pointed to  office  in  said  military  districts  under  any 
so-called  State  or  municipal  authority,  or  by  detail 
or  appointment  of  the  district  commander,  shall  be 
required  to  take  and  subscribe  to  the  oath  of  office 
prescribed  by  law  for  the  officers  of  the  United 
States. 

SEC.  9.  That  no  district  commander  or  mem- 
ber of  the  board  of  registration,  or  any  officer  or 


RECONSTRUCTION  MEASURES   OF   CONGRESS.       377 

appointee  acting  under  them,  shall  be  bound  in  his 
action  by  any  opinion  of  any  civil  officer  of  the 
United  States. 

SEC.  10.  That  section  four  of  said  last-named 
act  shall  be  construed  to  authorize  the  commanding- 
general  named  therein,  whenever  he  shall  deem  it 
needful,  to  remove  any  member  of  a  board  of  regis- 
tration, and  to  appoint  another  in  his  stead,  and  to 
fill  any  vacancy  in  such  board. 

SEC.  11.  That  all  the  provisions  of  this  act,  and 
of  the  acts  to  which  this  is  supplementary,  shall  be 
construed  liberally,  to  the  end  that  all  the  intents 
thereof  may  be  fully  and  perfectly  carried  out. 

HECONSTBTJOTION  ACT  OP   1868.— FOBTTETH   CONGRESS — SECOND 


The  following  is  the  Reconstruction  bill  as  it  passed 
the  House,  Jan.  21st,  1868— yeas  123,  nays  45  : 

Be  it  enacted,  c#<?.,  That  in  Virginia,  North  Car- 
olina, South  Carolina,  Georgia,  Alabama,  Missis- 
sippi, Lousiana,  Texas,  Florida,  and  Arkansas,  there 
are  no  civil  State  governments  republican  in  form, 
and  that  the  so-called  civil  governments  in  said 
States  respectively  shall  not  be  recognized  as  valid 
or  legal  State  governments  either  by  the  executive 
or  the  judicial  power  or  authority  of  the  United 
States. 


378  THE  NATIONAL   HAJND-BOOK. 

SEC.  2.  And  be  it  further  enacted,  That  for  the 
speedy  enforcement  of  the  act  entitled  "  An  Act  to 
provide  for  the  more  efficient  government  of  the 
rebel  States,"  passed  March  2,  1867,  and  the  several 
acts  supplementary  thereto,  the  General  of  the  Army 
of  the  United  States  is  hereby  authorized  and  re- 
quired to  enjoin  by  special  orders  upon  all  officers 
in  command  within  the  several  military  depart- 
ments within  said  several  States,  the  performance  of 
all  acts  authorized  by  said  several  laws  above  re- 
cited ;  is  authorized  to  remove  at  his  discretion,  by 
his  order,  from  command  any  or  all  of  said  com- 
manders and  detail  other  officers  of  the  United  States 
Army,  not  below  the  rank  of  colonel,  to  perform  all 
the  duties  and  exercise  all  the  powers  authorized  by 
said  several  acts,  to  the  end  that  the  people  of  said 
several  States  may  speedily  reorganize  civil  govern- 
ments, republican  in  form,  in  said  several  States, 
and  be  restored  to  political  power  in  the  Union. 

SEC.  3.  And  ~be  it  further  enacted,  That  the  Gen- 
eral of  the  Army  may  remove  any  or  all  civil  officers 
now  acting  under  the  several  provisional  govern- 
ments within  the  said  several  disorganized  States, 
and  appoint  others  to  discharge  the  duties  pertain- 
ing to  their  respective  offices,  and  may  do  any  and 
all  acts  which  by  said  several  laws  above  mentioned 
are  authorized  to  be  done  by  the  several  commanders 


RECONSTRUCTION   MEASURES   OF  CONGRESS.       379 

of  the  military  departments  within  said  States ;  and 
so  much  of  said  acts  or  of  any  act  as  authorizes  the 
President  to  detail  the  military  commanders  to  said 
military  departments,  or  to  remove  any  officers  who 
may  be  detailed  as  herein  provided,  is  hereby  re- 
pealed. 

SEC.  4.  And  he  it  further  enacted,  That  it  shall 
be  unlawful  for  the  President  of  the  United  States  to 
order  any  part  of  the  army  or  navy  of  the  United 
States  to  assist,  by  force  of  arms,  the  authority  of 
either  of  said  provisional  governments  in  said  disor- 
ganized States,  to  oppose  or  to  obstruct  the  authority 
of  the  United  States,  as  provided  in  this  act  and  the 
acts  to  which  this  is  supplementary. 

SEC.  5.  And  he  it  further  enacted,  That  any  inter- 
ference by  any  person,  with  intent  to  prevent  by  force 
the  execution  of  the  orders  of  the  General  of  the 
Army  made  in  pursuance  of  this  act  and  of  the  acts 
aforesaid,  or  any  refusal  or  wilful  neglect  of  any  per- 
son to  issue  any  order  or  do  any  act  required  by  this 
act  or  other  of  the  acts  to  which  this  act  is  additional 
and  supplementary,  with  intent  to  defeat  or  delay 
the  due  execution  of  this  act  or  of  either  of  the  acts 
to  which  this  is  supplementary,  shall  be  held  to  be  a 
high  misdemeanor,  and  the  party  guilty  thereof  shall, 
upon  conviction,  be  fined  not  exceeding  five  thousand 
dollars  and  imprisoned  not  exceeding  two  years. 


380  THE   NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

SEC.  6.  And  ~be  it  further  enacted^  That  so  much 
of  all  acts  and  parts  of  acts  as  conflicts  or  is  incon- 
sistent with  the  provisions  of  this  act  is  hereby  re- 
pealed. 

Mr.  WOOD  (Dem.),  of  N.  Y.,  desired  to  move  an 
amendment  to  the  title  of  the  bill,  but  was  cut  off  by 
the  previous  question.  The  title  which  it  was  pro- 
posed to  give  the  bill  was  : — "  A  bill  to  absorb  the 
entire  authority  of  the  government  into  the  hands  of 
Congress,  by  which  the  powers  of  the  Executive  as 
Commander-in-Chief  of  the  Army  and  Navy  shall  be 
abolished;  the  power  of  the  Supreme  Court  to  pass 
upon  the  validity  of  the  acts  of  Congress  prohibited ; 
Congressional  usurpation  over  ten  States  established 
by  force,  and  a  new  form  of  government  created  in 
place  of  that  which  formerly  existed  under  the  Con- 
stitution of  the  United  States,  hereby  declared  to  be 
annulled  and  made  void."— rfrom  the  N.  Y.  Herald, 
Jan.  22,  1868. 


TENURE  OF  OFFICE  BILL.  381 


TENUKE  OF  OFFICE  BILL. 


AN  ACT  regulating  the  tenure  of  certain  civil  offices. 

Be  it  enacted^  c&?.,  That  every  person  holding  any 
civil  office  to  which  he  has  been  appointed  by  and 
with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  and  every 
person  who  shall  hereafter  be  appointed  to  any  such 
office,  and  shall  become  duly  qualified  to  act  therein, 
is,  and  shall  be,  entitled  to  hold  such  office  until  a 
successor  shall  have  been  in  like  manner  appointed 
and  duly  qualified,  except  as  herein  otherwise  pro- 
vided :  Provided^  That  the  Secretaries  of  State,  of 
the  Treasury,  of  War,  of  the  Navy,  and  of  the 
Interior,  the  Postmaster-General,  and  the  Attorney- 
General,  shall  hold  their  offices  respectively  for  and 
during  the  term  of  the  President  by  whom  they  may 
have  been  appointed  and  for  one  month  thereafter, 
subject  to  removal  by  and  with  the  advice  and  con- 
sent of  the  Senate. 


382  THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

SEC.  2.  That  when  any  officer  appointed  as  afore- 
said, excepting  judges  of  the  United  States  courts, 
shall,  during  the  recess  of  the  Senate,  be  shown,  by 
evidence  satisfactory  to  the  President,  to  be  guilty 
of  misconduct  in  office,  or  crime,  or  for  any  reason 
shall  become  incapable  or  legally  disqualified  to  per- 
form its  duties,  in  such  case,  and  in  no  other,  the 
President  may  suspend  such  officer  and  designate 
some  suitable  person  to  perform  temporarily  the 
duties  of  such  office  until  the  next  meeting  of  the 
Senate,  and  until  the  case  shall  be  acted  upon  by  the 
Senate ;  and  such  person  so  designated  shall  take 
the  oaths  and  give  the  bonds  required  by  law  to  be 
taken  and  given  by  the  person  duly  appointed  to 
fill  such  office  ;  and  in  such  case  it  shall  be  the  duty 
of  the  President,  within  twenty  days  after  the  first 
day  of  such  next  meeting  of  the  Senate,  to  report  to 
the  Senate  such  suspension,  with  the  evidence  and 
reasons  for  his  action  in  the  case  and  the  name  of  the 
person  so  designated  to  perform  the  duties  of  such 
office.  And  if  the  Senate  shall  concur  in  such  sus- 
pension and  advise  and  consent  to  the  removal  of 
such  officer,  they  shall  so  certify  to  the  President, 
who  may  thereupon  remove  such  officer,  and,  by 
and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  ap- 
point another  person  to  such  office.  But  if  the 
Senate  shall  refuse  to  concur  in  such  suspension,  such 


TENURE   OF   OFFICE   BILL.  383 

officer  so  suspended  shall  forthwith  resume  the  func- 
tions of  his  office,  and  the  powers  of  the  person  so 
performing  its  duties  in  his  stead  shall  cease,  and 
the  official  salary  and  emoluments  of  such  officer 
shall,  during  such  suspension,  belong  to  the  person 
so  performing  the  duties  thereof,  and  not  to  the 
officer  so  suspended :  Provided,  however.  That  the 
President,  in  case  he  shall  become  satisfied  that  such 
suspension  was  made  on  insufficient  grounds,  shall 
be  authorized,  at  any  time  before  reporting  such  sus- 
pension to  the  Senate  as  above  provided,  to  revoke 
such  suspension  and  reinstate  such  officer  in  the  per- 
formance of  the  duties  of  his  office. 

SEC.  3.  That  the  President  shall  have  power  to 
fill  all  vacancies  which  may  happen  during  the  recess 
of  the  Senate,  by  reason  of  death  or  resignation,  by 
granting  commissions  which  shall  expire  at  the  end 
of  their  next  session  thereafter.  And  if  no  appoint- 
ment, by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the 
Senate,  shall  be  made  to  such  office  so  vacant  or 
temporarily  filled  as  aforesaid,  during  such  next  ses- 
sion of  the  Senate,  such  office  shall  remain  in  abey- 
ance, without  any  salary,  fees  or  emoluments  attached 
thereto,  until  the  same  shall  be  filled  by  appointment 
thereto,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the 
Senate ;  and  during  such  time  all  the  powers  and 
duties  belonging  to  such  office  shall  be  exercised  by 


384:  THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

such  other  officer  as  may  by  law  exercise  such  pow- 
ers and  duties  in  case  of  a  vacancy  in  such  office. 

SEC.  4.  That  nothing  in  this  act  contained  shall 
be  construed  to  extend  the  term  of  any  office  the 
duration  of  which  is  limited  by  law. 

SEC.  5.  That  if  any  person  shall,  contrary  to  the 
provisions  of  this  act,  accept  any  appointment  to  or 
employment  in  any  office,  or  shall  hold  or  exercise, 
or  attempt  to  hold  or  exercise,  any  such  office  or  em- 
ployment, he  shall  be  deemed,  and  is  hereby  declared 
to  be,  guilty  of  a  high  misdemeanor,  and,  upon  trial 
and  conviction  thereof,  he  shall  be  punished  therefor 
by  a  fine  not  exceeding  ten  thousand  dollars,  or  by 
imprisonment  not  exceeding  five  years,  or  both  said 
punishments,  in  the  discretion  of  the  court. 

SEC.  6.  That  every  removal,  appointment,  or  em- 
ployment, made,  had,  or  exercised,  contrary  to  the 
provisions  of  this  act,  and  the  making,  signing,  seal- 
ing, countersigning,  or  issuing  of  any  commission  or 
letter  of  authority  for  or  in  respect  to  any  such  ap- 
pointment or  employment,  shall  be  deemed,  and  are 
hereby  declared  to  be  high  misdemeanors,  and,  upon 
trial  and  conviction  thereof,  every  person  guilty 
thereof  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  not  exceeding  ten 
thousand  dollars,  or  by  imprisonment  not  exceeding 
five  years,  or  both  said  punishments,  in  the  discretion 
of  the  court :  Provided,  That  the  President  shall 


TENTTKE   OF   OFFICE  BILL.  385 

have  power  to  make  out  and  deliver,  after  the  ad- 
journment of  the  Senate,  commissions  for  all  officers 
whose  appointment  shall  have  been  advised  and  con- 
sented to  by  the  Senate. 

SEC.  7.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Secretary 
of  the  Senate,  at  the  close  of  each  session  thereof, 
to  deliver  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  and  to 
each  of  his  Assistants,  and  to  each  of  the  Auditors, 
and  to  each  of  the  Comptrollers  in  the  Treasury,  and 
to  the  Treasurer,  and  to  the  Register  of  the  Treas- 
ury, a  full  and  complete  list,  duly  certified,  of  all 
persons  who  shall  have  been  nominated  to  and 
rejected  by  the  Senate  during  such  session,  and  a 
like  list  of  all  the  offices  to  which  nominations  shall 
have  been  made  and  not  confirmed  and  filled  at 
such  session. 

SEC.  8.  That  whenever  the  President  shall,  with- 
out the  consent  of  the  Senate,  designate,  authorize, 
or  employ  any  person  to  perform  the  duties  of  any 
office,  he  shall  forthwith  notify  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  thereof;  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury  thereupon  to  communi- 
cate such  notice  to  all  the  proper  accounting  and 
disbursing  officers  of  his  department. 

SEC.  9.  That  no  money  shall  be  paid  or  received 
from  the  Treasury,  or  paid  or  received  from  or  retain- 
ed out  of  any  public  moneys  or  funds  of  the  United 

17 


386  THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

States,  whether  in  the  Treasury  or  not,  to  or  by  or 
for  the  benefit  of  any  person  appointed  to  or  author- 
ized to  act  in,  or  holding  or  exercising  the  duties  or 
functions  of,  any  office  contrary  to  the  provisions  of 
this  act;  nor  shall  any  claim,  account,  voucher, 
order,  certificate,  warrant,  or  other  instrument  pro- 
viding for  or  relating  to  such  payment,  receipt  or 
retention,  be  presented,  passed,  allowed,  approved, 
certified,  or  paid  by  any  officer  of  the  United  States, 
or  by  any  person  exercising  the  functions  or  per- 
forming the  duties  of  any  office  or  place  of  trust 
under  the  United  States,  for  or  in  respect  of  such 
office,  or  the  exercising  or  performing  the  functions 
or  duties  thereof;  and  every  person  who  shall  violate 
any  of  the  provisions  of  this  section  shall  be  deemed 
guilty  of  a  high  misdemeanor,  and,  upon  trial  and 
conviction  thereof,  shall  be  punished  therefor  by  a 
fine  not  exceeding  ten  thousand  dollars,  or  by  im- 
prisonment not  exceeding  ten  years,  or  both  said 
punishments,  in  the  discretion  of  the  court. 
Passed  March  2,  186T. 

THE  PRESIDENT'S  VETO. 

To  the  Senate  of  the  United  States : 

I  HAVE  carefully  examined  the  bill  "  to  regulate 
the  tenure  of  certain  civil  offices."  The  material 
portion  of  the  bill  is  contained  in  the  first  section, 


387 

and  is  of  the  effect  following,  namely :  *  *  *  * 
These  provisions  are  qualified  by  a  reservation  in 
the  fourth  section,  "that  nothing  contained  in  the 
bill  shall  be  construed  to  extend  the  term  of  any 
office,  the  duration  of  which  is  limited  by  law."  In 
effect  the  bill  provides  that  the  President  shall  not 
remove  from  their  places  any  of  the  civil  officers 
whose  terms  of  service  are  not  limited  by  law,  with- 
out the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate  of  the 
United  States.  The  bill  in  this  respect  conflicts, 
in  my  judgment,  with  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States.  The  question,  as  Congress  is  well 
aware,  is  by  no  means  a  new  one.  That  the  power 
of  removal  is  constitutionally  vested  in  the  President 
of  the  United  States  is  a  principle  which  has  been 
not  more  distinctly  declared  by  judicial  authority 
and  judicial  commentators  than  it  has  been  uni- 
formly practiced  upon  by  the  legislative  and  execu- 
tive departments  of  the  Government.  The  question 
arose  in  the  House  of  Representatives  so  early  as 
the  16th  of  June,  1Y89,  on  the  bill  for  establishing 
an  executive  department  denominated  ".The  De- 
partment of  Foreign  Affairs."  The  first  clause  of 
the  bill,  after  recapitulating  the  functions  of  that 
officer  and  defining  his  duties,  had  these  words  :  "  to 
be  removable  from  office  by  the  President  of  the 
United  States."  It  was  moved  to  strike  out  these 


388  THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

words,  and  the  motion  was  sustained  with  great 
ability  and  vigor.  It  was  insisted  that  the  Presi- 
dent could  not  constitutionally  exercise  the  power 
of  removal  exclusively  of  the  Senate  ;  that  the 
Federalist  so  interpreted  the  Constitution  when 
arguing  for  its  adoption  by  the  several  States ;  that 
the  Constitution  had  nowhere  given  tjie  President 
power  of  removal,  either  expressly  or  by  strong  im- 
plication, but,  on  the  contrary,  had  distinctly  pro- 
vided for  removals  from  office  by  impeachment  only. 
A  construction  which  denied  the  power  of  removal 
by  the  President  was  further  maintained  by  argu- 
ments drawn  from  the  danger  of  the  abuse  of  the 
power ;  from  the  supposed  tendency  of  an  exposure 
of  public  officers  to  capricious  removal  to  impair 
the  efficiency  of  the  civil  service  ;  from  the  alleged 
injustice  and  hardship  of  displacing  incumbents 
dependent  upon  their  official  stations  without  suffi- 
cient consideration  ;  from  a  supposed  want  of  respon- 
sibility on  the  part  of  the  President,  and  from  an 
imagined  defect  of  guarantees  against  a  vicious  Pres- 
ident who  might  incline  to  abuse  the  power.  On 
the  other  hand,  an  exclusive  power  of  removal  by 
the  President  was  defended  as  a  true  exposition  of 
the  text  of  the  Constitution.  It  was  maintained  that 
there  are  certain  causes  for  which  persons  ought  to 
be  removed  from  office  without  being  guilty  of  trea- 


389 

son,  bribery,  or  malfeasance,  and  that  the  nature  of 
things  demands  that  it  should  be  so.  "  Suppose," 
it  was  said,  "  a  man  becomes  insane  by  the  visita- 
tion of  God,  and  is  likely  to  ruin  our  affairs,  are  the 
hands  of  the  Government  to  be  confined  from  ward- 
ing off  the  evil?  Suppose  a  person  in  office,  not 
possessing  the  talents  he  was  judged  to  have  at  the 
time  of  the  appointment,  is  the  error  not  to  be  cor- 
rected? Suppose  he  acquires  vicious  habits  and 
incurable  indolence,  or  total  neglect  of  the  duties  of 
his  office,  which  shall  work  mischief  to  the  public 
welfare,  is  there  no  way  to  arrest  the  threatened 
danger?  Suppose  he  becomes  odious  and  unpopular 
by  reason  of  the  measures  he  pursues — and  this  he 
may  do  without  committing  any  positive  offence 
against  the  law — must  he  preserve  his  office  in 
despite  of  the  popular  will  ?  Suppose  him  grasping 
for  his  own  aggrandizement  and  the  elevation  of  his 
connections  by  every  means  short  of  the  treason 
defined  by  the  Constitution,  hurrying  your  affairs 
to  the  precipice  of  destruction,  endangering  your 
domestic  tranquillity,  plundering  you  of  the  means 
of  defence,  alienating  the  affections  of  your  allies, 
and  promoting  the  spirit  of  discord,  must  the  tardy, 
tedious,  desultory  road  by  way  of  impeachment  be 
travelled  to  overtake  the  man  who,  barely  confining 
himself  within  the  letter  of  the  law,  is  employed  in 


390          THE  NATIONAL  HAND-BOOK. 

drawing  off  the  vital  principle  of  the  Government  ? 
The  nature  of  things,  the  great  object  of  society, 
the  express  objects  of  the  Constitution  itself,  require 
that  this  thing  should  be  otherwise.  To  unite  the 
Senate  with  the  President  in  the  exercise  of  the 
power,"  it  was  said,  "  would  involve  us  in  the  most 
serious  difficulty.  Suppose  a  discovery  of  any  of 
those  events  should  take  place  when  the  Senate  is 
not  in  session,  how  is  the  remedy  to  be  applied  ? 
The  evil  could  be  avoided  in  no  other  way  than  by 
the  Senate  sitting  always."  In  regard  to  the  danger 
of  the  power  being  abused  if  exercised  by  one  man, 
it  was  said,  "  that  the  danger  is  as  great  with  respect 
to  the  Senate,  who  are  assembled  from  various  parts 
of  the  continent  with  different  impressions  and 
opinions  ;  "  "  that  such  a  body  is  more  likely  to  mis- 
use the  power  of  removal  than  the  man  whom  the 
united  voice  of  America  calls  to  the  Presidential 
chair.  As  the  nature  of  government  requires  the 
power  of  removal,"  it  was  maintained  "  that  it 
should  be  exercised  in  this  way  by  the  hand  capable 
of  exerting  itself  with  effect ;  and  the  power  must 
be  conferred  on  the  President  by  the  Constitution 
as  the  executive  officer  of  the  Government."  Mr. 
Madison,  whose  adverse  opinion  in  the  Federal- 
ist has  been  relied  upon  by  those  who  denied  the 
exclusive  power,  now  participated  in  the  debate. 


391 

He  declared  that  he  had  reviewed  his  former  opin- 
ions, and  he  summed  up  the  whole  case  as  fol- 
lows :  "  The  Constitution  affirms  that  the  executive 
power  is  vested  in  the  President.  Are  there  ex- 
ceptions to  this  proposition?  Yes,  there  are.  The 
Constitution  says  that  in  appointing  to  office, 
the  Senate  shall  be  associated  with  the  President, 
unless  in  the  case  of  inferior  officers,  when  the  law 
shall  otherwise  direct.  Have  we  (that  is,  Congress) 
a  right  to  extend  this  exception  ?  I  believe  not.  If 
the  Constitution  has  invested  all  executive  power  in 
the  President,  I  venture  to  assert  that  the  Legis- 
lature has  no  right  to  diminish  or  modify  his  execu- 
tive authority.  The  question  now  resolves  itself 
into  this  :  Is  the  power  of  displacing  an  executive 
power  ?  I  conceive  that  if  any  power  whatsoever 
is  in  the  Executive,  it  is  the  power  of  appointing, 
overseeing,  and  controlling  those  who  execute  the 
laws.  If  the  Constitution  had  not  qualified  the 
power  of  the  President  in  appointing  to  office  by 
associating  the  Senate  with  him  in  that  business, 
would  it  not  be  clear  that  he  would  have  the  right, 
by  virtue  of  his  executive  power,  to  make  such  ap- 
pointment? Should  we  be  authorized,  in  defiance 
of  that  clause  in  the  Constitution — i  The  executive 
power  shall  be  vested  in  the  President ' — to  unite 
the  Senate  with  the  President  in  the  appointment 


392  THE    NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

to  office  ?  T  conceive  not.  If  it  is  admitted  that 
we  should  not  be  authorized  to  do  this,  I  think  it 
may  be  disputed  whether  we  have  a  right  to  asso- 
ciate them  in  removing  persons  from  office,  the  one 
power  being  as  much  of  an  executive  nature  as  the 
other ;  and  the  first  one  is  authorized  by  being  ex- 
cepted  out  of  the  general  rule  established  by  the 
Constitution  in  these  words :  '  The  executive  power 
shall  be  vested  in  the  President.' >:  The  question, 
thus  ably  and  exhaustively  argued,  was  decided  by 
the  House  of  Representatives,  by  a  vote  of  thirty- 
four  to  twenty,  in  favor  of  the  principle  that  the 
executive  power  of  removal  is  vested  by  the  Consti- 
tution in  the  Executive,  and  in  the  Senate  by  the 
casting  vote  of  the  Yice-President.  The  question 
has  often  been  raised  in  subsequent  times  of  high 
excitement,  and  the  practice  of  the  government  has 
nevertheless  conformed  in  all  cases  to  the  decision 
thus'  early  made.  The  question  was  revived  during 
the  administration  of  President  Jackson,  who  made, 
as  is  well  recollected,  a  very  large  number  of  re- 
movals, which  were  made  an  occasion  of  close  and 
rigorous  scrutiny  and  remonstrance.  The  subject 
was  long  and  earnestly  debated  in  the  Senate,  and 
the  early  construction  of  the  Constitution  was 
nevertheless  freely  accepted  as  binding  and  conclu- 
sive upon  Congress. 


393 

Chancellor  Kent's  remarks  on  the  subject  are  as 
follows  :  "  On  the  first  organization  of  the  Govern- 
ment it  was  made  a  question  whether  the  power  of 
removal  in  case  of  officers  appointed  to  hold  at 
pleasure  resided  nowhere  but  in  the  body  which  ap- 
pointed, and,  of  course,  whether  the  consent  of  the 
Senate  was  not  requisite  to  remove.  This  was  the 
construction  given  to  the  Constitution  while  it  was 
pending  for  ratification  before  the  State  conven- 
tions, by  the  author  of  the  Federalist.  But  the  con- 
struction which  was  given  to  the  Constitution  by 
Congress,  after  great  consideration  and  discussion, 
was  different.  The  words  of  the  act  (establishing 
the  Treasury  Department)  are  :  '  And  whenever  the 
same  shall  be  removed  from  office  by  the  President 
of  the  United  States,  or  in  any  other  case  of  va- 
cancy in  the  office,  the  assistant  shall  act.'  This 
amounted  to  a  legislative  construction  of  the  Con- 
stitution, and  it  has  ever  since  been  acquiesced  in 
and  acted  upon  as  a  decisive  authority  in  the  case. 
It  applies  equally  to  every  other  officer  of  the 
Government  appointed  by  the  President,  whose 
term  of  duration  is  not  specially  declared.  It  is 
supported  by  the  weighty  reason  that  the  subordi- 
nate officers  in  the  executive  department  ought  to 
hold  at  the  pleasure  of  the  head  of  the  department, 

because  he  is  invested  generally  with  the  executive 
17* 


394:  THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

authority,  and  the  participation  in  that  au- 
thority by  the  Senate  was  an  exception  to  a 
general  principle,  and  ought  to  be  taken  strictly. 
The  President  is  the  great  responsible  officer  for  the 
faithful  execution  of  the  law,  and  the  power  of  re- 
moval was  incidental  to  that  duty,  and  might  often 
be  requisite  to  fulfil  it."  Thus  has  the  important 
question  presented  by  this  bill  been  settled,  in  the 
language  of  the  late  Daniel  Webster  (who,  while 
dissenting  from  it,  admitted  that  it  was  settled), 
by  construction,  settled  by  precedent,  settled  by 
the  practice  of  the  Government,  and  settled  by 
statute.  The  events  of  the  last  war  furnished  a 
practical  confirmation  of  the  wisdom  of  the  Consti- 
tution as  it  has  hitherto  been  maintained,  in  many 
of  its  parts,  including  that  which  is  now  the  subject 
of  consideration.  When  the  war  broke  out  rebel 
enemies,  traitors,  abettors,  and  sympathizers  were 
found  in  every  department  of  the  Government,  as 
well  in  the  civil  service  as  in  the  land  and  naval 
military  service.  They  were  found  in  Congress  and 
among  the  keepers  of  the  Capitol;  in  foreign 
missions ;  in  each  and  all  of  the  executive  depart- 
ments ;  in  the  judicial  service ;  in  the  Post-office, 
and  among  the  agents  for  conducting  Indian  affairs. 
Upon  probable  suspicion,  they  were  promptly  dis- 
placed by  my  predecessor,  so  far  as  they  held  their 


395 

offices  under  executive  authority,  and  their  duties 
were  confided  to  new  and  loyal  successors.  No 
complaints  against  that  power  or  doubts  of  its  wis- 
dom were  entertained  in  any  quarter.  I  sincerely 
trust  and  believe  that  no  such  civil  war  is  likely  to 
occur  again.  I  cannot  doubt,  however,  that  in 
whatever  form,  and  on  whatever  occasion,  sedition 
can  raise  an  effort  to  hinder,  or  embarrass,  or  defeat, 
the  legitimate  action  of  this  Government,  whether 
by  preventing  the  collection  of  revenue,  or  disturb- 
ing the  public  peace,  or  separating  the  States,  or 
betraying  the  country  to  a  foreign  enemy,  the  power 
of  removal  from  office  by  the  Executive,  as  it  has 
heretofore  existed  and  been  practised,  will  be  found 
indispensable.  Under  these  circumstances,  as  a 
depositary  of  the  executive  authority  of  the  nation, 
I  do  not  feel  at  liberty  to  unite  with  Congress  in 
reversing  it  by  giving  my  approval  to  the  bill.  At 
the  early  day  when  this  question  was  settled,  and, 
indeed,  at  the  several  periods  when  it  has  subse- 
quently been  agitated,  the  success  of  the  Constitu- 
tion of  the  United  States,  as  a  new  and  peculiar 
system  of  the  free  representative  government,  was 
held  doubtful  in  other  countries,  and  was  even  a 
subject  of  patriotic  apprehension  among  the  Ameri- 
can people  themselves.  A  trial  of  nearly  eighty 
years,  through  the  vicissitudes  of  foreign  conflicts 


396  THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

and  of  civil  war,  is  confidently  regarded  as  having 
extinguished  all  such  doubts  and  apprehensions  for 
the  future.  During  that  eighty  years  the  people  of 
the  United  States  have  enjoyed  a  measure  of  se- 
curity, peace,  prosperity,  and  happiness,  never  sur- 
passed by  any  nation.  It  cannot  be  doubted  that 
the  triumphant  success  of  the  Constitution  is  due  to 
the  wonderful  wisdom  with  which  the  functions  of 
government  were  distributed  between  the  three 
principal  departments — the  legislative,  the  execu- 
tive, and  the  judicial — and  to  the  fidelity  with 
which  each  has  confined  itself,  or  been  confined  by 
the  general  voice  of  the  nation,  within  its  peculiar 
and  proper  sphere.  "While  a  just,  proper,  and 
watchful  jealousy  of  executive  power  constantly 
prevails,  as  it  ought  ever  to  prevail,  yet  it  is  equally 
true  that  an  efficient  Executive,  capable,  in  the 
language  of  the  oath  prescribed  to  the  President, 
of  executing  the  laws,  and,  within  the  sphere  of  ex- 
ecutive action,  of  preserving,  protecting,  and  de- 
fending the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  is  an 
indispensable  security  for  tranquillity  at  home,  and 
peace,  honor,  and  safety  abroad.  Governments 
have  been  erected  in  many  countries  upon  our 
model.  If  one  or  many  of  them  have  thus  far 
failed  in  fully  securing  to  their  people  the  benefits 
which  we  have  derived  from  our  system,  it  may  be 


THE  PRESIDENT'S  VETO.  397 

confidently  asserted  that  their  misfortune  has  re- 
sulted from  their  unfortunate  failure  to  maintain  the 
integrity  of  each  of  the  three  great  departments 
while  preserving  harmony  among  them  all.  Hav- 
ing at  an  early  period  accepted  the  Constitution  in 
regard  to  the  executive  office  in  the  sense  in  which 
it  was  interpreted  with  the  concurrence  of  its  found 
ers,  I  have  found  no  sufficient  grounds  in  the  argu- 
ments now  opposed  to  that  construction,  or  in  any 
assumed  necessity  of  the  times,  for  changing  those 
opinions.  For  these  reasons  I  return  the  bill  to  the 
Senate,  in  which  House  it  originated,  for  the  fur- 
ther consideration  of  Congress  which  the  Constitu- 
tion prescribes.  Insomuch  as  the  several  parts  of 
the  bill  which  I  have  not  considered  are  matters 
chiefly  of  detail,  and  are  based  altogether  upon 
the  theory  of  the  Constitution  from  which  I  am 
obliged  to  dissent,  I  have  not  thought  it  necessary 
to  examine  them  with  a  view  to  make  them  an  oc- 
casion of  distinct  and  special  objections.  When- 
ever administration  fails,  or  seems  to  fail,  in  secur- 
ing any  of  the  great  ends  for  which  republican 
government  is  established,  the  proper  course  seems 
to  be  to  renew  the  original  spirit  and  forms  of  the 
Constitution  itself. 

WASHINGTON,  March  2,  186T. 


398  THE   NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 


THE  BANKKUPTCY  ACT. 


THE  MAIN  PROVISIONS  OP  WHICH  ARE  AS  FOLLOWS! 

AN  ACT  to  establish  a  uniform  System  of  Bankruptcy  through- 
out the  United  States. 

THE  district  courts  of  the  United  States  are  consti- 
tuted courts  of  bankruptcy  under  this  act,  in  all  mat- 
ters under,  or  growing  out  of  which,  they  have 
original  jurisdiction.  They  are  always  open  for 
business  under  this  act,  and  the  powers  of  the  judge 
in  vacation,  and  when  sitting  in  chambers,  are  the 
same  as  when  sitting  in  court  and  in  term  time. 
They  may  be  held  in  any  part  of  the  district.  The 
circuit  courts  have  also  a  general  supervision  of  all 
cases  under  this  act,  and  may  be  appealed  to  from 
the  district  courts,  with  which  they  have  also  concur- 
rent jurisdiction  in  all  cases  wherein  the  assignee  in 
bankruptcy  is  a  party ;  but  no  claim  can  be  main- 
tained by  or  against  an  assignee  touching  the  bank- 


THE   BANKRUPTCY   ACT.  399 

rupt's  property  after  the  lapse  of  two  years.  One  or 
more  registers  shall  be  appointed  in  each  Congres- 
sional district,  whose  duty  it  is  to  act  in  the  place  of 
the  judge  in  all  merely  administrative  and  uncon- 
tested  cases.  Bankruptcy  may  be  either  voluntary 
or  involuntary.  The  debtor  may  assume  voluntary 
bankruptcy  if  his  debts  exceed  three  hundred  dol- 
lars, by  filing  a  petition,  setting  forth  his  debts,  an 
inventory  of  all  his  possessions,  and  a  declaration  of 
willingness  to  give  them  up  to  his  creditors.  A 
warrant  then  issues  from  the  court  appointing  a 
time  and  place  for  a  meeting  of  the  creditors.  At 
this  meeting  an  assignee  or  assignees  are  chosen,  sub- 
ject to  the  approval  of  the  court,  to  whom  is  deliv- 
ered all  the  property  of  the  bankrupt,  except  that 
specifically  exempted.  The  assignee  possesses  all 
the  powers  for  recovering  debts  due  the  de'btor, 
which  the  latter  would  otherwise  have  possessed. 
The  court  may  examine  the  bankrupt,  or  the  wife  of 
the  bankrupt,  on  oath,  or  any  person  who  may  be 
able  to  give  evidence  on  any  matter  pertaining  to 
the  bankrupt's  affairs,  and  may  compel  their  attend- 
ance. All  claims  against  the  bankrupt  must  be  duly 
verified  in  writing  and  on  oath.  Those  which  are 
approved  are  registered  by  the  assignee,  and  all 
creditors,  whose  claims  are  allowed,  are  entitled  to 
share  in  the  bankrupt's  estate,  pro  raid,  no  priority 


400  THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

of  claim  being  allowed  except  for  the  wages  of  cer- 
tain servants.  At  the  expiration  of  each  three 
months  after  the  adjudication  of  bankruptcy,  the  ap- 
proved creditors  may  receive  dividends  on  their 
claims  ;  and  after  all  claims  have  been  decided  upon, 
and  the  assignee's  accounts  have  been  approved  by 
the  court,  all  expenses  of  the  proceedings  are  paid 
from  the  portion  of  the  estate  remaining  in  the 
hands  of  the  assignee,  and  the  residue  divided 
finally  among  the  creditors.  After  six  months  from 
the  adjudication  of  bankruptcy,  the  bankrupt  may 
receive  a  discharge  from  all  previous  debts  honestly 
contracted  by  and  due  from  him,  provided  there  has 
been  no  fraud  on  his  part  in  the  proceedings.  Any 
conveyance  or  transfer  of  property  made  by  the 
debtor  to  a  preferred  creditor,  in  view  of  insolvency, 
within  four  months  before  the  filing  of  a  petition  in 
bankruptcy,  is  void ;  and  the  creditor  who,  knowing 
the  facts,  receives  such  conveyance,  forfeits  all  share 
in  the  bankrupt's  estate,  and  also  double  the  value 
of  the  money  or  property  so  obtained,  which  is  re- 
coverable by  the  assignee  for  the  benefit  of  the  es- 
tate. A  partnership  or  firm  may  be  made  bankrupt 
by  the  filing  of  a  petition  by  any  member,  when  not 
only  the  joint  property,  but  the  separate  estates  of 
each  member  of  the  firm  is  taken  by  the  assignee. 
Separate  accounts  are  kept  by  the  assignee,  who 


THE   BANKRUPTCY   ACT.  401 

pays  the  private  debts  of  each  member  from  his 
own  estate,  and  the  balance  is  added  to  the  joint 
stock  for  the  benefit  of  the  creditors  of  the  firm,  if 
the  property  of  the  firm  shall  not  have  been  suffi- 
cient to  liquidate  the  claims  against  it.  A  certifi- 
cate of  discharge  is  given  or  refused  to  each  partner 
according  to  the  merits  of  his  individual  case. 
Where  partners  reside  in  different  districts,  jurisdic- 
tion is  in  that  district  where  the  petition  is  first 
filed.  Involuntary  bankruptcy  may  be  forced  upon 
any  debtor  who  has  committed  certain  acts  of  ac- 
tual or  constructive  fraud,  by  which  he  is  deemed  to 
have  committed  an  act  of  bankruptcy,  on  the  peti- 
tion of  any  one  of  his  creditors  whose  debt  amounts 
to  $250.  If  the  debtor  so  demand,  the  question  of 
fact  as  to  the  alleged  act  of  bankruptcy  may  be 
tried  by  a  jury ;  and  if  the  allegations  in  the  ques- 
tion be  maintained,  or  if  the  debtor  allow  the  mat- 
ter to  go  by  default,  a  warrant  of  bankruptcy  issues, 
and  the  estate  of  the  bankrupt  is  settled  in  a  manner 
similar  to  that  in  a  case  of  voluntary  bankruptcy. 
Fines  and  imprisonment  are  decreed  against  either 
bankrupts  or  officers  who  are  guilty  of  fraud  or  of- 
fences under  this  act.  [March  2,  1867.] 


TABLE   OF   STATES   AND   TEKKITOEIES. 


403 


I 


8 


I 


i 


§ 
a 


1-5 

I 


I 


I 


•3 

.s 


4:04: 


THE  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 


"*  C5  '*>   K3   Oi   !— I   CO  *>• 

f  "       " 

i    .  c$    "•    •    "•    '•    '•    •    '•    •    r 

t*H  *S    b    n      •    EH*^    o  O      1      1^ 
g    O 

^-^^        ^i1--1^'       V^*Q^H-IO^WJ 

|||iilll!-|1||iii 

^^^SoS?r!r:?!r!5r!Og?n^rO1T3 
*i 

3  J    •  ««  «  S  N^2  -.2    •£  -M  § 

o^  'llg^J  o§  :5  :fi| 

||  :-g  iJHi  1^  |5  :  g| 

fa»3  i^^k^M  PQ^  IP  IOP 

5 

3  .        A,  A,  A w  w  w  w  w 

C  .— ii—(i— li— (r— If— (i— IrHrHT-H 

_,  , __OlOcOCOO5O5GO 

t;22>*Cdc5c5c5^oo)5(j 

JESOOHO)OQ}OC8SS5 


TABLE   OF   STATES    AND   TERRITORIES. 


405 


al  C 


0s 

5 


OS   r-H    (M    CO    -« 

nH    f-l  CO 


a  «•  0 


• 


a 

0  0  0  -J 

o  o  o  E 

~   r.   ~  O 

Is 

10  CO  I-H  S 

r-t  i-H  CO  "g 

2* 

P 

1 

rH  CO  CO  O 
CO  CO  CO  CO 
00  00  00  00 

1I|I 

j 

f! 

O  O  O  00 

0  10  0  rH 
CO  -rt*  CO  00 

*  2 

O5  "<^  i—  1  IO 
O  (M  £^  O 

2" 

1 

o  o  co 
»o  to  10 

00  00  00 

I 

-*^  +3  K-  ^H 

OH  CX,  g  CO 

o  o  >;  00 
GO  OO  ^  i—  i 

Utah  

New  Mexico  
Washington  
Colorado  

4:06  THE  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

POPULAB  AND  ELEOTOKAL 


STATES. 

I860. 

Rep. 
Lincoln. 

Dem. 
Douglas. 

Dem. 

Breckenridge. 

Union, 
Bell. 

Alabama  

13,651 
5,227 
38,516 
15,522 
1,023 
367 
11,590 
160,215 
115,509 
55,111 

25,651 
7,625 
26,693 
5,966 
34,372 
65,057 
11,920 
3,283 
58,801 

25,881 
62,801 
312,510 
2,701 
187/232 
3,951 
16,765 
7,707 
chosen  by 
11,350 

6,849 
16,290 

65,021 

48,831 
28,732 
34,334 
14,641 
7.337 
8,543 
51,889 
2,404 
12,295 
1,048 

53,143 
22,681 
6,368 
42,482 
5,939 
805 
748 
40,797 
31,317 

2,il2 

48,539 
11,405 
5,006 
178,871 

the  Legis- 
64,709 
47,548 
218 
74,323 

*888 

27,875 
20,094 
6,817 
3,291 
3,864 
5,437 
42,886 
4,913 
5,306 
1,763 

66,058 
20,204 
2,046 
41,760 
22,331 
405 
62 
25,040 
58,372 

441 

44,990 
12,194 
183 
12,776 

69,274 
15,438 
1,969 
74,681 

161 

Arkansas                  .   . 

39,173 
43,792 
3,815 

California    

Florida           .  •  . 

Ulinois             

172,161 
139,033 

70,409 

1,364 

62',811 
2,294 
106,533 
88,480 
22,069 

Iowa     

Kentucky  

Maine  

Maryland                    .  . 

Massachusetts  

Michigan          .  .          .  . 

Mississippi                .   . 

17,028 

Nebraskai        ...      ... 

Nevada 

37,519 
58,324 
362,646 

231,610 
5,270 
268,030 
12,244 
Electors 

33,808 
1,929 

86,1  10 

New  Hampshire  

New  Jersey    .   .    .  . 

New  York  

North  Carolina       .... 

Ohio 

Oregon     

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island  

South  Carolina 

Tennessee  

Texas             ... 

West  Virginia.       .    . 

Wisconsin  

Total  

1,866,452 

1,375,157 

847,953 

590,631 

Tn  1864,  wh.  vote,  4,000,850;  Linc.'s  maj.,  406,812.— In  1860,  wh.vote,  4,680,193 ;  Line.  ov. 


POPULAR  AND  ELECTORAL  VOTES. 

VOTES  FOE  PEESIDENT, 


407 


ELECTORAL  VOTES. 

1864. 

ELECTORAL  VOTES. 

Line. 

Doug. 

Breck. 

Bell. 

Rep. 
Lincoln. 

Dem. 

McClellan. 

Lincoln. 

McCleirn 

9 
4 

...r 

58,698 
44,691 
8,155 

189*496 
150,238 
89,075 
16,441 
26,592 

61,803 
40,153 
126,742 
85,352 
25,060 

71,676 

9,826 
36,400 
60,723 
368,735 

264,975 
9,888 
296,391 
13,692 

42,419 

23,152 
83,458 

4 
6 

42,255 
42,285 
8,767 

5 
6 

3 

3 
3 

10 

.... 

"ii 

13 
4 

.... 

158,730 
130,233 
49,596 
3,691 

61,478 

16 
13 
8 
3 

"ii 

.... 

.  .  #?. 

**6 

12 

8 

"13 
6 
4 

44,211 
32,739 
48,745 
67,370 
17,375 

7 
7 
12 
8 
4 

— 

.... 

8 

7 

.... 

9 

.... 

31,626 

11 

— 

6,594 
32,871 
68,024 
361,986 

3 
5 

"33 

"7 

5 

7 

35 

10 

.... 

23 
3 

27 
4 

205,557 
8,457 
276,316 
8,470 

21 
3 
26 
4 

— 

.... 

8 

lature. 
12 

5 

.... 

4 

13,321 

5 

.... 

15 

10,438 
65,884 

5 

8 

.... 

5 

179 

16 

72 

39 

2,203,831 

1,797,019 

213 

21 

Doug.,  491,275;  ov.  Breck.,  1,018,500;  ov.  Bell,  1,275,821 ;  all  others  ov.  Line.,  947,289. 


RETURN  TO  the  circulation  desk  of  any 
University  of  California  Library 
or  to  the 

NORTHERN  REGIONAL  LIBRARY  FACILITY 
Bldg.  400,  Richmond  Field  Station 
University  of  California 
Richmond,  CA  94804-4698 

ALL  BOOKS  MAY  BE  RECALLED  AFTER  7  DAYS 
2-month  loans  may  be  renewed  by  calling 

(510)642-6753 
1-year  loans  may  be  recharged  by  bringing  books 

to  NRLF 
Renewals  and  recharges  may  be  made  4  days 

prior  to  due  date 


DUE  AS  STAMPED  BELOW 


DEC  2  1 1993 


YC131965 


624 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


